Riboflavin
(Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - September 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Pinto, J. T., Zempleni, J. Tags: Nutrient Information Source Type: research
Improvements in Metabolic Health with Consumption of Ellagic Acid and Subsequent Conversion into Urolithins: Evidence and Mechanisms
Ellagic acid (EA) is a naturally occurring polyphenol found in some fruits and nuts, including berries, pomegranates, grapes, and walnuts. EA has been investigated extensively because of its antiproliferative action in some cancers, along with its anti-inflammatory effects. A growing body of evidence suggests that the intake of EA is effective in attenuating obesity and ameliorating obesity-mediated metabolic complications, such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and atherosclerosis. In this review, we summarize how intake of EA regulates lipid metabolism in vitro and in vivo, and del...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - September 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Kang, I., Buckner, T., Shay, N. F., Gu, L., Chung, S. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Energy Drinks and Their Impact on the Cardiovascular System: Potential Mechanisms
This article reviews the potentially adverse hemodynamic effects of energy drinks, particularly on blood pressure and heart rate, and discusses the mechanisms by which their active ingredients may interact to adversely affect the cardiovascular system. Research areas and gaps in the literature are discussed with particular reference to the use of energy drinks among high-risk individuals. (Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - September 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Grasser, E. K., Miles-Chan, J. L., Charriere, N., Loonam, C. R., Dulloo, A. G., Montani, J.-P. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Effects of Diet on Sleep Quality
There is much emerging information surrounding the impact of sleep duration and quality on food choice and consumption in both children and adults. However, less attention has been paid to the effects of dietary patterns and specific foods on nighttime sleep. Early studies have shown that certain dietary patterns may affect not only daytime alertness but also nighttime sleep. In this review, we surveyed the literature to describe the role of food consumption on sleep. Research has focused on the effects of mixed meal patterns, such as high-carbohydrate plus low-fat or low-carbohydrate diets, over the short term on sleep. S...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - September 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: St-Onge, M.-P., Mikic, A., Pietrolungo, C. E. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Probiotics, Prebiotics, and Synbiotics for the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal disease in preterm infants characterized by barrier disruption, intestinal microbial dysbiosis, and persistent inflammation of the colon, which results in high mortality rates. Current strategies used to manage this disease are not sufficient, although the use of human breast milk reduces the risk of NEC. Mother’s milk is regarded as a fundamental nutritional source for neonates, but pasteurization of donor breast milk affects the composition of bioactive compounds. Current research is evaluating the benefits and potential pitfalls of adding probiotics and p...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - September 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Johnson-Henry, K. C., Abrahamsson, T. R., Wu, R. Y., Sherman, P. M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Recent Findings in Alzheimer Disease and Nutrition Focusing on Epigenetics
Alzheimer disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease with no effective cure so far. The current review focuses on the epigenetic mechanisms of AD and how nutrition can influence the course of this disease through regulation of gene expression, according to the latest scientific findings. The search strategy was the use of scientific databases such as PubMed and Scopus in order to find relative research or review articles published in the years 2012–2015. By showing the latest data of various nutritional compounds, this study aims to stimulate the scientific community to recognize the value of nutrition in th...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - September 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Athanasopoulos, D., Karagiannis, G., Tsolaki, M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Oxylipins in Neuroinflammation and Management of Alzheimer Disease
Alzheimer disease (AD) is becoming one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative conditions worldwide. Although the disease progression is becoming better understood, current medical interventions can only ameliorate some of the symptoms but cannot slow disease progression. Neuroinflammation plays an important role in the advancement of this disorder, and n–3 (-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are involved in both the reduction in and resolution of inflammation. These effects may be mediated by the anti-inflammatory and proresolving effects of bioactive lipid mediators (oxylipins) derived from n–3 PUFAs [ei...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - September 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Devassy, J. G., Leng, S., Gabbs, M., Monirujjaman, M., Aukema, H. M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Mediterranean Diet, Cognitive Function, and Dementia: A Systematic Review of the Evidence
A growing body of evidence suggests that adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) may protect against cognitive decline and dementia. Many epidemiologic studies and several randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have found positive effects of the MD on cognitive function, but findings remain inconsistent. The aim of this systematic review was to provide an update on the current knowledge of the effects of the MD on cognitive function, cognitive impairment, Alzheimer disease (AD), and all-type dementia. Five databases were searched—PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL, and PsycINFO (1806 to 25 May 2015)—with the use of ...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - September 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Petersson, S. D., Philippou, E. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Vitamin B-12 and Cognition in Children
Vitamin B-12 is essential for brain development, neural myelination, and cognitive function. Inadequate vitamin B-12 status during pregnancy and early childhood has been associated with adverse child health outcomes, including impaired cognitive development. However, the underlying mechanisms have not been elucidated. This review was conducted to examine the evidence that links vitamin B-12 and cognition in children. The search strategy resulted in 17 studies: 3 cross-sectional, 1 case–control, and 12 cohort studies, and 1 randomized trial. Cognitive processes assessed included attention, memory, and perception. Deve...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - September 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Venkatramanan, S., Armata, I. E., Strupp, B. J., Finkelstein, J. L. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Snack Food, Satiety, and Weight
In today’s society, snacking contributes close to one-third of daily energy intake, with many snacks consisting of energy-dense and nutrient-poor foods. Choices made with regard to snacking are affected by a multitude of factors on individual, social, and environmental levels. Social norms, for example, that emphasize healthful eating are likely to increase the intake of nutrient-rich snacks. In addition, satiety, the feeling of fullness that persists after eating, is an important factor in suppressing overconsumption, which can lead to overweight and obesity. Thus, eating snacks between meals has the potential to pr...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - September 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Njike, V. Y., Smith, T. M., Shuval, O., Shuval, K., Edshteyn, I., Kalantari, V., Yaroch, A. L. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Perspective: The Potential Role of Essential Amino Acids and the Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) Pathway in the Pathogenesis of Child Stunting
Stunting is the best summary measure of chronic malnutrition in children. Approximately one-quarter of children under age 5 worldwide are stunted. Lipid-based or micronutrient supplementation has little to no impact in reducing stunting, which suggests that other critical dietary nutrients are missing. A dietary pattern of poor-quality protein is associated with stunting. Stunted children have significantly lower circulating essential amino acids than do nonstunted children. Inadequate dietary intakes of essential amino acids could adversely affect growth, because amino acids are required for synthesis of proteins. The mas...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - September 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Semba, R. D., Trehan, I., Gonzalez-Freire, M., Kraemer, K., Moaddel, R., Ordiz, M. I., Ferrucci, L., Manary, M. J. Tags: Perspective Source Type: research
Flavor Preferences Conditioned by Dietary Glutamate
Our understanding of the molecular basis of umami taste and its appetitive qualities has been greatly aided by studies in laboratory rodents. This review describes methods for testing responses to the prototypical umami substance monosodium glutamate (MSG) in rodents. Two techniques, forced exposure to MSG and 2-bottle choice tests with ascending concentrations, were used to evaluate the responses to the taste of umami itself, and 2 other methods used oral or postoral MSG to modify the responses to other flavors. Intake and preference for MSG are enhanced in mice by experience with MSG and with other nutrients with positiv...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - July 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Ackroff, K., Sclafani, A. Tags: Supplement-Frontiers in Amino Acid Research Source Type: research
Protein and Amino Acid Requirements during Pregnancy
Protein forms an essential component of a healthy diet in humans to support both growth and maintenance. During pregnancy, an exceptional stage of life defined by rapid growth and development, adequate dietary protein is crucial to ensure a healthy outcome. Protein deposition in maternal and fetal tissues increases throughout pregnancy, with most occurring during the third trimester. Dietary protein intake recommendations are based on factorial estimates because the traditional method of determining protein requirements, nitrogen balance, is invasive and undesirable during pregnancy. The current Estimated Average Requireme...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - July 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Elango, R., Ball, R. O. Tags: Supplement-Frontiers in Amino Acid Research Source Type: research
Human Skeletal Muscle Protein Metabolism Responses to Amino Acid Nutrition
Healthy individuals maintain remarkably constant skeletal muscle mass across much of adult life, suggesting the existence of robust homeostatic mechanisms. Muscle exists in dynamic equilibrium whereby the influx of amino acids (AAs) and the resulting increases in muscle protein synthesis (MPS) associated with the intake of dietary proteins cancel out the efflux of AAs from muscle protein breakdown that occurs between meals. Dysregulated proteostasis is evident with aging, especially beyond the sixth decade of life. Women and men aged 75 y lose muscle mass at a rate of ~0.7% and 1%/y, respectively (sarcopenia), and lose str...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - July 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Mitchell, W. K., Wilkinson, D. J., Phillips, B. E., Lund, J. N., Smith, K., Atherton, P. J. Tags: Supplement-Frontiers in Amino Acid Research Source Type: research
Glutamate: Tastant and Neuromodulator in Taste Buds
In taste buds, glutamate plays a double role as a gustatory stimulus and neuromodulator. The detection of glutamate as a tastant involves several G protein–coupled receptors, including the heterodimer taste receptor type 1, member 1 and 3 as well as metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluR1 and mGluR4). Both receptor types participate in the detection of glutamate as shown with knockout animals and selective antagonists. At the basal part of taste buds, ionotropic glutamate receptors [N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) and non-NMDA] are expressed and participate in the modulation of the taste signal before its transmission t...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - July 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Vandenbeuch, A., Kinnamon, S. C. Tags: Supplement-Frontiers in Amino Acid Research Source Type: research
