Obesity Upregulates the Expression of VLDL in Adipose Tissue
VLDL receptor (VLDLR) is mostly expressed in adipose tissue, which plays an important role in the catabolism of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins. The role of VLDLR has been shown in cell culture and animal models, but little is known about its expression in humans. The aim was to examine the impact of obesity on VLDLR expression in adipose tissue and explore possible links with circulating metabolites and inflammatory factors. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue and blood samples were obtained from lean (n = 10), overweight (n = 12), and obese (n = 24) subjects. The expression of VLDLR was analyzed in adipose tissue sam...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Hajri, T., Johnson, B., Talishinskiy, T., Mazpule, G., Ewing, D., Eid, S., Novack, R., Schmidt, H. Tags: Disease Prevention, Progression, and Treatment Source Type: research
Inadequate Calcium Intake in Pregnancy and Risk of Chronic Hypertension after Pregnancy
Studies are conflicting with regard to the importance of calcium in hypertension, perhaps due to heterogeneity in underlying mechanisms and study population characteristics. We therefore evaluated calcium intake in pregnancy as a predictor of chronic hypertension after pregnancy by comparing women with and without new-onset hypertension in pregnancy. The Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort was linked to the Norwegian Prescription Database for ascertainment of antihypertensive medication use at >3 mo after delivery. A food-frequency questionnaire was used to estimate calcium intake. Multivariable modeling by using Cox prop...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Egeland, G., Skurtveit, S., Sakshaug, S., Daltveit, A. K., Vikse, B., Haugen, M. Tags: Disease Prevention, Progression, and Treatment Source Type: research
Cardio-Nephroprotective Effects of Guava and Olive Leaf Extracts on Doxorubicin-Induced Toxicity in Rats
Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anticancer drug that is known to increase oxidative stress in several organs. Our objective was to evaluate the possible cardioprotective and nephroprotective effects of guava leaf extract (GLE) and olive leaf extract (OLE) on DOX-induced toxicity in rats. Forty adult male albino rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 rats each, as follows: a normal control group, a DOX group (a single dose of DOX; 30 mg/kg intraperitoneally), a GLE group (500 mg GLE/kg body weight), and an OLE group (500 mg OLE/kg body weight) for 12 d. DOX was administered in the DOX, GLE, and OLE rats on day 9; rats were ...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Aly, E., Fadlalla, S. Tags: Disease Prevention, Progression, and Treatment Source Type: research
Capsaicinoids Enhance Metabolic Rate Using a Novel Metabolic Tracker Breezing Device: An Open-Label Study
Obesity and its associated comorbid conditions have increased in all age groups over the past 3 decades. The intake of capsaicinoids, bioactive components from Capsicum extract, resulted in lipolysis, increased energy expenditure, increased lipid oxidation, and reduced appetite. Breezing (Breezing Co.) is a portable device that measures metabolism by using a method known as indirect calorimetry. Resting energy expenditure (REE) can be affected by factors such as body size and composition, age, sex, medical conditions, and genetics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of capsaicinoid supplementation on ...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Deng, Y., Chen, F., Juturu, V., Forzani, E. Tags: Disease Prevention, Progression, and Treatment Source Type: research
The Prevalence of Food Insecurity and Its Association with Health and Academic Outcomes among College Freshmen
The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence of food insecurity among college freshmen and its association with health and academic outcomes. A cross-sectional research design was used to analyze the food security status of college freshmen (n = 859) at the end of their first academic year (April–May 2015). Freshmen from 8 colleges in the United States (n = 859) completed the US Adult Food Security Survey, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Cohen’s Perceived Stress Scale, the National Cancer Institute’s Dietary Screener Questionnaire, and questions related to sociodemographic characteristics an...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Elzein, A., Shelnutt, K., Colby, S., Olfert, M., Kattelmann, K., Brown, O., Kidd, T., Horacek, T., White, A., Zhou, W., Greene, G., Riggsbee, K., Morrell, J., Mathews, A. Tags: Community, Public Health, and Global Nutrition Source Type: research
Relation of Dietary Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Smoking to Age-Related Macular Degeneration in Elderly Men in Korea
This study was conducted to investigate the relation between the consumption of fruit and vegetables and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) by using the data from the Korea Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2010–2012). We included elderly men aged ≥65 y and excluded participants diagnosed with type 1 or type 2 diabetes or diabetic retinopathy or who reported taking medications for diabetes or reported a history of cancer. A total of 872 participants were eligible for further analysis. In multiple logistic regression analysis, the OR for the highest tertile of fruit and vegetable intake was 0.86 (95% CI:...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Kim, E.-k., Kim, H., Kim, H., Chang, N. Tags: Community, Public Health, and Global Nutrition Source Type: research
NIH Consortium on Molecular Transducers of Physical Activity (MoTrPAC)
Physical activity is as integral to human life as nutrition and is a hallmark of human health and well-being across the life span. It has been shown that regular physical activity endows numerous health benefits, including cardiometabolic and cognitive improvement. However, most of the current studies are association studies, and mechanistic information on many biological details is not known to fully appreciate the significance of physical activity in human health and disease. The identification of molecular mechanisms and biomarkers of exercise is critical for the successful development of novel therapeutic strategies ba...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Maruvada, P., Laughlin, M., McGowan, J., Williams, J., Xia, A., Drugan, J., Alekel, L., Joseph, L., Boyce, A., Ramos, E., Pai, V., Nierras, C., Evans, M., Wilder, E., Bekirov, I. Tags: Community, Public Health, and Global Nutrition Source Type: research
Current Evidence on the Association of Dietary Patterns and Bone Health: A Scoping Review
In this study we aimed to conduct a scoping review of the literature that assessed the impact of dietary patterns (derived with the use of both a priori and data-driven approaches) on bone outcomes, including bone mineral status, bone biomarkers, osteoporosis, and fracture risk. We retrieved 49 human studies up to June 2016 from the PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL databases. Most of these studies used a data-driven method, especially factor analysis, to derive dietary patterns. Several studies examined adherence to a variety of the a priori dietary indexes, including the Mediterranean diet score, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI),...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Movassagh, E. Z., Vatanparast, H. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Sphingomyelin Content in Breast Milk and Infant Formula: A Nutrient That May Affect Neurodevelopment
This study adds information to the sphingomyelin content of HM. Sphingomyelin content ranged between 24.5 and 177.4 mg/L over lactation. The sphingomyelin content of AL-enriched IF is within the range observed in HM. These data show the specific processing of the AL ingredient not only enables IF to be compositionally closer to HM with regard to protein but also in sphingomyelin. Additional studies are needed to better understand the effect of dietary sphingomyelin on myelination and cognition in developing infants. (Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 16, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: MacFarland, B., Bettler, J., Moloney, C., O'Regan, J., Giuffrida, F., Thakkar, S., Lee, L. Y. Tags: Nutrition on Healthy Growth, Development, and Reproduction Source Type: research
Interaction between Maternal Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake and Ratio of Linoleic Acid to {alpha}-Linolenic Acid on Infant Neurodevelopment: Mothers and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) Study
This study investigated the interaction between omega-3 fatty acid (n–3 FA) intake and the ratio of linoleic acid to α-linolenic acid (LA:ALA) during pregnancy and infant neurodevelopment at 6 mo of age by using data from 960 participants in the Mothers’ and Children's Environmental Health (MOCEH) Study, a multicenter prospective cohort study. Dietary intake during pregnancy was assessed by using a 24-h recall method, and the Mental Development Index and Psychomotor Development Index (PDI) scores were assessed by using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development II at 6 mo. A generalized linear model analysis...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 16, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Kim, H., Kim, H., Lee, E., Kim, Y., Ha, E.-H., Chang, N. Tags: Community, Public Health, and Global Nutrition Source Type: research
Methodological Challenges in Studies Examining the Effects of Breakfast on Cognitive Performance and Appetite in Children and Adolescents
Breakfast is purported to confer a number of benefits on diet quality, health, appetite regulation, and cognitive performance. However, new evidence has challenged the long-held belief that breakfast is the most important meal of the day. This review aims to provide a comprehensive discussion of the key methodological challenges and considerations in studies assessing the effect of breakfast on cognitive performance and appetite control, along with recommendations for future research. This review focuses on the myriad challenges involved in studying children and adolescents specifically. Key methodological challenges and c...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 16, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Adolphus, K., Bellissimo, N., Lawton, C. L., Ford, N. A., Rains, T. M., Totosy de Zepetnek, J., Dye, L. Tags: Supplement-Methodological Challenges in Studies Examining the Effects of Breakfast on Cognitive Performance and Appetite Source Type: research
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(Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 16, 2017 Category: Nutrition Tags: Supplement-Methodological Challenges in Studies Examining the Effects of Breakfast on Cognitive Performance and Appetite Source Type: research
The Role of the Novel Lipokine Palmitoleic Acid in Health and Disease
The monounsaturated fatty acid palmitoleate (palmitoleic acid) is one of the most abundant fatty acids in serum and tissues, particularly adipose tissue and liver. Its endogenous production by stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 gives rise to its cis isoform, cis-palmitoleate. Although trans-palmitoleate is also synthesized in humans, it is mainly found as an exogenous source in ruminant fat and dairy products. Recently, palmitoleate was considered to be a lipokine based on evidence demonstrating its release from adipose tissue and its metabolic effects on distant organs. After this finding, research has been performed to determine ...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 16, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Frigolet, M. E., Gutierrez-Aguilar, R. Tags: Supplement-Yogurt in Nutrition: Initiative for a Balanced Diet Source Type: research
Setting the Lipid Component of the Diet: A Work in Process
Some of the most relevant yet controversial issues in nutrition are those surrounding the guidelines on quality and quantity of dietary fat in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases and coronary heart diseases. Conflicting evidence questions the credibility of the previous dietary guidelines, particularly the quality of the evidence on which these recommendations were based. It is therefore important to explore the changes that have occurred in these guidelines and their influence on the adoption of different dietary patterns over time. In this review, we summarize the evolution of the fat component of the...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 16, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Del Razo Olvera, F. M., Melgarejo Hernandez, M. A., Mehta, R., Aguilar Salinas, C. A. Tags: Supplement-Yogurt in Nutrition: Initiative for a Balanced Diet Source Type: research
Potential Health Benefits of Combining Yogurt and Fruits Based on Their Probiotic and Prebiotic Properties
Fruit and yogurt have been identified individually as indicators of healthy dietary patterns. Fruits are relatively low in energy density and are an excellent source of antioxidants and prebiotic fibers and polyphenols, which can promote digestive health. Yogurt, on the other hand, is a nutrient-dense food that is a good source of dairy protein, calcium, magnesium, vitamin B-12, conjugated linoleic acid, and other key fatty acids. In addition, it contains beneficial bacterial cultures, making it a potential source of probiotics. Yogurt’s unique fermented food matrix provides added health benefits by enhancing nutrien...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 16, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Fernandez, M. A., Marette, A. Tags: Supplement-Yogurt in Nutrition: Initiative for a Balanced Diet Source Type: research
