Prescription Drugs and Nutrient Depletion: How Much Is Known?
The use of multiple prescription drugs is increasing, particularly in the increasing aging population. Prescription drugs may lead to the depletion of key nutrients; although in some instances, this is intentional [e.g., with cancer drugs depleting folate or with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors competing for binding sites with zinc]. In many cases, however, the mechanisms and/or consequences are not elucidated. Our objective was to evaluate scientific evidence linking prescription drug use to nutritional deficiencies, with a focus on B vitamins and zinc. PubMed and Web-of-Science databases were searched by u...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Reilly, W., Ilich, J. Tags: Vitamins, Minerals, and Bioactives Source Type: research
Association of Vitamin D and Calcium with Breast Cancer in Indian Women: Results of a Case-Control Study
The present case-control study was undertaken with the objective to study the association between nutritional risk factors and circulating concentrations of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] and calcium with breast cancer (BC) risk in Indian women. A total of 320 women (cases) with confirmed BC attending a tertiary care hospital matched with 300 healthy women (controls) of similar age and socioeconomic status (SES) were included in the study. Information was collected from all of the study participants on sociodemographic status and dietary intake for vitamin D–containing foods by using a semistructured questionnaire. Bl...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Sofi, N. Y., Jain, M., Kapil, U., Seenu, V., Yadav, C. P., Pandey, R. Tags: Vitamins, Minerals, and Bioactives Source Type: research
Prevalence and Risk Factors for Dyspepsia among Undergraduate Students of a Tertiary Institution in Lagos, Nigeria
This study determined the prevalence and risk factors for dyspepsia among apparently healthy undergraduate students of a tertiary institution in Lagos, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 350 apparently healthy undergraduate students of Lagos State Polytechnic, Lagos, Nigeria, who were selected via multistage sampling. Data were collected by using a validated, semistructured, interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 20.00. Relevant descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated, with significance set at P 0.05. Ethical approval and informed consent by respondents were...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Omar, J., Sholeye, O. Tags: Variability in Responses to Diet and Food Source Type: research
Effects on Metabolites of Dietary Sodium: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)-Sodium Feeding Study
We report relations between metabolic pathways and low sodium intake by combining individual metabolite P values with the use of Fisher’s exact test. Of the 36 metabolic pathways tested, 6 were associated with sodium intake, with a P value <0.005 (i.e., benzoate, tryptophan, plant components, -glutamyl amino acid, fatty acid, and methionine metabolism). Of the 681 named metabolites tested, 82 were associated with sodium intake at a false discovery rate <0.2. The metabolites with the strongest associations, independent of blood pressure, were 4-ethylphenysulfate and 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, which increased, and ...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Stozlenberg-Solomon, R., Derkach, A., Josephs, J., Playdon, M., Sampson, J. Tags: Variability in Responses to Diet and Food Source Type: research
Comparison of a Hypoallergenic Low-Calorie Diet with a Low-Calorie Diet for Weight Loss in Obese and Severely Obese Adults: A Pilot Study
Due to the close relation between inflammation, the leaky gut syndrome, insulin resistance, and obesity, decreasing inflammation was hypothesized to provide a mechanism to reduce and manage obesity. In this research, the effects of a hypoallergenic diet to reduce inflammation were examined. This type of diet was used to treat obese and severely obese adults. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a hypoallergenic low-calorie diet (hypoallergenic-LCD) and a low-calorie diet (LCD) on anthropometric indexes in obese and severely obese adults. In a double-blind pilot study, 40 obese and severely obese men and ...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Ghanei, N., Naseri, E., Makki, G. Tags: Variability in Responses to Diet and Food Source Type: research
Duval County Middle School Students Fruit and Vegetable Intake
This study analyzes, by health zone, the 2009, 2011, and 2013 fruit and vegetable intakes from the Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS) conducted in Duval County middle school students. The results showed that health zone 1, with the lowest socioeconomic status, had the lowest intake of fruit and vegetables. The mean intake in health zone 1 was 2.66 in 2009, which was the lowest among all health zones. This corresponds to a consumption of 1–2 fruits or vegetables the previous day. The overall intake for all health zones was 2.87, which was also lower than recommended amounts (P < 0.001). The practical implications of...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Labyak, C., Jahan-Mihan, A., Seabrooks-Blackmore, J., Rodriguez, J. Tags: Nutrition-Related Behaviors Source Type: research
Nutritional Considerations for Healthy Aging and Reduction in Age-Related Chronic Disease
A projected doubling in the global population of people aged ≥60 y by the year 2050 has major health and economic implications, especially in developing regions. Burdens of unhealthy aging associated with chronic noncommunicable and other age-related diseases may be largely preventable with lifestyle modification, including diet. However, as adults age they become at risk of "nutritional frailty," which can compromise their ability to meet nutritional requirements at a time when specific nutrient needs may be high. This review highlights the role of nutrition science in promoting healthy aging and in improving the progn...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Shlisky, J., Bloom, D. E., Beaudreault, A. R., Tucker, K. L., Keller, H. H., Freund-Levi, Y., Fielding, R. A., Cheng, F. W., Jensen, G. L., Wu, D., Meydani, S. N. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Coerced Gastrostomy Placement in Skilled Nursing Facilities: Using Concept Mapping to Develop Interventions to Build Capacity for Nasal Feeding Tubes
The use of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) and nasogastric feeding tubes (NGFTs) for enteral nutrition varies by region. Despite a lack of evidence of superiority, only 18.3% of skilled nursing facilities (SNFs) in New York City (NYC) accept NGFTs, and they are 89% less likely to accept NGFTs compared with a random national sample. PEG is not indicated for short or indeterminate use, and patients are coerced into PEG or face denial of access to appropriate therapy (i.e., admission to an SNF). SNFs cite policies that are unsupported by published research. NYC Department of Health policy specifically allows NGFTs a...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Seres, D., Masterson, E., DiBartolo-Cordovano, R., Mutailipu, T. Tags: Nutrition and Health Policy Source Type: research
Optimizing Production of Kefir
Kefir is a food supplement of great therapeutic value and also a probiotic food. The purpose of this project was to analyze kefir growth in different culture media. First, kefir grains were placed to grow in sterilized test tubes. In the first batch, the colony was divided into 7 samples containing from 4.2 to 5.7 g kefir grains, and in the second batch each sample contained 8 g. Growth was controlled by weight before and after filtration, and the pH of each solution was measured. After each measurement, the solution was disposed of and exchanged for the same amount and ingredients. These procedures were repeated for 3 con...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: De Oliveira, M., Agricio, A., Ferrari, B., Duran, D., Becker, F., Barba, J. Tags: Food Supply and Environment Source Type: research
Environmental and Climate Factors in Childhood Stunting: Moving beyond Nutrition
Despite improvements in crop production and poverty levels, the WHO estimates that 24% of children are stunted globally, totaling 171 million children. Stunting is a form of chronic malnutrition when children fall below their height-for-age median, leading to cognitive impairment and lifelong economic loss. Nutritional supplementation has failed to improve the prevalence of stunting, prompting alternative explanations that include environmental enteric dysfunction (EED), an inflammatory intestinal abnormality, and mycotoxin exposures. Both of these associated factors are climate-dependent. A systematic review of primary re...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Ly, S., Carpenter, C. Tags: Food Supply and Environment Source Type: research
Ensuring Optimal Nutrition among People Living with HIV Infection in Sagamu, Southwest Nigeria: A Study of Household Food Insecurity
This study therefore determined the prevalence of household food insecurity and its associated factors among people living with HIV in Sagamu, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was carried out in 244 adult clients accessing HIV care and support at the University Hospital in Sagamu, Southwest Nigeria, selected via systematic sampling. Data were collected by using a semistructured, interviewer-administered questionnaire, which contained the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale. Data were analyzed by using SPSS 21.0. Relevant descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated, with the level of significance at P < 0.0...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Sholeye, O., Animasahun, V., Salako, A. Tags: Food Supply and Environment Source Type: research
Trials Are Needed to Evaluate Nutrition Interventions for Heart Failure: An Analysis of the Federal Research Portfolio
Nutrition research has the potential to identify better ways of preventing and managing heart failure, thus reducing costs and improving patient outcomes. However, it has proved especially challenging to design well-powered clinical efficacy and effectiveness studies in this field. To better understand the federal research support provided to date on this topic and to identify issues that applicants must address, we conducted a portfolio analysis by using the federal RePORTER database. We limited the search to funded projects for the fiscal years 2000–2016 in which the terms "nutrition or diet or dietary supplements"...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Ershow, A., Regan, K., Costello, R., Desvigne-Nickens, P. Tags: Disease Prevention, Progression, and Treatment Source Type: research
Relation of Adiponectin with Body Adiposity and Bone Mineral Density in Older Women
Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, has been investigated as one of the potential mediators between changes in body fat and various bone outcomes. Low circulating adiponectin has been associated with obesity and insulin resistance. In addition, several studies reported that adiponectin promotes osteoblastogenesis but affects osteoclastogenesis in a dual manner (positively and negatively). Our objective was to investigate the relation between adiponectin and bone mineral density (BMD) in women on the basis of their body-composition profile. Fifty-nine healthy white women aged ≥65 y were stratified into 4 groups on...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: JafariNasabian, P., Inglis, J., Ave, M., Hebrock, H., Hall, K., Nieto, S., Ilich, J. Tags: Disease Prevention, Progression, and Treatment Source Type: research
Effect of Aqueous Extract of Tamarindus indica L. Seeds and Crocus sativus on Fructose-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Rats
Metabolic syndrome is an important public health concern characterized by a cluster of metabolic abnormalities. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of an aqueous extract of Tamarindus indica L. seeds (TIE) and Crocus sativus (CSE) on fructose-induced metabolic syndrome in rats. Forty male albino rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into 4 groups: I) normal controls that received tap water, 2) fructose-fed (F) rats, 3) TIE-treated fructose-fed (F-TIE) rats, and 4) CSE-treated fructose-fed (F-CSE) rats. Groups 2, 3, and 4 received tap water supplemented with 10% (wt:vol) fructose. Water was prepared e...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Fadlalla, E., Khojah, E. Tags: Disease Prevention, Progression, and Treatment Source Type: research
Older Women with Osteosarcopenic Obesity Have Lower Handgrip Strength and Knee Extension Strength than Osteopenic or Obese-Only Women
A recently recognized osteosarcopenic obesity (OSO) syndrome, in which older adults suffer from osteopenia/osteoporosis, sarcopenia, and obesity simultaneously, may affect mobility, balance, and overall health outcomes more than each of the individual conditions. Our objective was to compare handgrip strength, knee extension, and muscle quality among women divided into groups according to their body-composition status. Fifty-nine white women aged ≥65 y were classified into 4 groups: 1) osteopenic/osteoporotic nonobese (n = 4), 2) obese-only (n = 10), 3) osteopenic/osteoporotic obese (n = 35), and 4) osteosarcopenic obes...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Inglis, J. E., Jafarinasabian, P., Hebrock, H., Ave, M., Goosby, K., Beyer, E., Artese, A., Panton, L., Ilich-Ernst, J. Tags: Disease Prevention, Progression, and Treatment Source Type: research
