Risk Factors for Malnutrition in Older Adults: A Systematic Review of the Literature Based on Longitudinal Data
The present systematic review critically examines the available scientific literature on risk factors for malnutrition in the older population (aged ≥65 y). A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE, reviewing reference lists from 2000 until March 2015. The 2499 papers identified were subjected to inclusion criteria that evaluated the study quality according to items from validated guidelines. Only papers that provided information on a variable’s effect on the development of malnutrition, which requires longitudinal data, were included. A total of 6 longitudinal studies met the inclusion criteria and were inclu...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Moreira, N. C. F., Krausch-Hofmann, S., Matthys, C., Vereecken, C., Vanhauwaert, E., Declercq, A., Bekkering, G. E., Duyck, J. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Cranberries and Urinary Tract Infections: How Can the Same Evidence Lead to Conflicting Advice?
This article explores the methodological differences that contributed to these disparate findings. Despite similar research questions, the meta-analyses varied in the studies that were included, as well as the data that were extracted. In the 2 most comprehensive systematic reviews, heterogeneity was handled differently, leading to an I2 of 65% in one and 43% in the other. Most notably, the populations influencing the conclusions varied. In one analysis, populations with pathological/physiological conditions contributed 75.6% of the total weight to the summary risk estimate (RR: 0.86; 95% CI: 0.71, 1.04); another weighted ...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Liska, D. J., Kern, H. J., Maki, K. C. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Effect of Flavonoids on Upper Respiratory Tract Infections and Immune Function: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Previous research on animals indicates flavonoid compounds have immunomodulatory properties; however, human research remains inconclusive. The aim of this systematic review was to assess the efficacy of dietary flavonoids on upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and immune function in healthy adults. A created search strategy was run against Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE and EMBASE classic, CINAHL, and AMED. The returned studies were initially screened, and 2 reviewers independently assessed the remaining studies for eligibility against prespecified criteria. Fourteen studies, of 387 ...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Somerville, V. S., Braakhuis, A. J., Hopkins, W. G. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Is Obesity Associated with Altered Energy Expenditure?
Historically, obese individuals were believed to have lower energy expenditure (EE) rates than nonobese individuals (normal and overweight), which, in the long term, would contribute to a positive energy balance and subsequent weight gain. The aim of this review was to critically appraise studies that compared measures of EE and its components, resting EE (REE), activity EE (AEE), and diet-induced thermogenesis (DIT), in obese and nonobese adults to elucidate whether obesity is associated with altered EE. Contrary to popular belief, research has shown that obese individuals have higher absolute REE and total EE. When body ...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Carneiro, I. P., Elliott, S. A., Siervo, M., Padwal, R., Bertoli, S., Battezzati, A., Prado, C. M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
What Is a Snack, Why Do We Snack, and How Can We Choose Better Snacks? A Review of the Definitions of Snacking, Motivations to Snack, Contributions to Dietary Intake, and Recommendations for Improvement
Around the world, adults consume energy outside of traditional meals such as breakfast, lunch, and dinner. However, because there is no consistent definition of a "snack," it is unclear whether those extra eating occasions represent additional meals or snacks. The manner in which an eating occasion is labeled (e.g., as a meal or a snack) may influence other food choices an individual makes on the same day and satiety after consumption. Therefore, a clear distinction between "meals" and "snacks" is important. This review aims to assess the definition of extra eating occasions, to understand why eating is initiated at these ...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Hess, J. M., Jonnalagadda, S. S., Slavin, J. L. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Energy Contribution and Nutrient Composition of Breakfast and Their Relations to Overweight in Free-living Individuals: A Systematic Review
In conclusion, there is some evidence that a lower energy intake at breakfast is related to obesity, although the studies are few and heterogeneous. Studies on the nutrient composition of breakfast have shown inconsistent results. (Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Rosato, V., Edefonti, V., Parpinel, M., Milani, G. P., Mazzocchi, A., Decarli, A., Agostoni, C., Ferraroni, M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Foods, Nutrients, and Dietary Patterns: Interconnections and Implications for Dietary Guidelines
Dietary guidelines provide evidence-based statements on food choices to meet nutritional requirements and reduce the risk of prevailing chronic disease. They involve a substantial amount of research translation, and their implementation has important health consequences. Foods, however, are complex combinations of nutrients and other compounds that act synergistically within the food and across food combinations. In addition, the evidence base underpinning dietary guidelines accesses research that reflects different study designs, with inherent strengths and limitations. We propose a systematic approach for the review of e...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Tapsell, L. C., Neale, E. P., Satija, A., Hu, F. B. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
The 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee Scientific Report: Development and Major Conclusions
The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) is published every 5 y jointly by the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) and the USDA and provides a framework for US-based food and nutrition programs, health promotion and disease prevention initiatives, and research priorities. Summarized in this report are the methods, major conclusions, and recommendations of the Scientific Report of the 2015 US Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC). Early in the process, the DGAC developed a conceptual model and formulated questions to examine nutritional risk and determinants and impact of dietary patterns in relation to n...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Millen, B. E., Abrams, S., Adams-Campbell, L., Anderson, C. A., Brenna, J. T., Campbell, W. W., Clinton, S., Hu, F., Nelson, M., Neuhouser, M. L., Perez-Escamilla, R., Siega-Riz, A. M., Story, M., Lichtenstein, A. H. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Perspective: A Critical Look at the Ancillary Age-Related Eye Disease Study 2: Nutrition and Cognitive Function Results in Older Individuals with Age-Related Macular Degeneration
A large body of literature suggests that the dietary carotenoids lutein and zeaxanthin and long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahexaenoic acid are related to improved cognitive function across the life span. A recent report by the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS) group appears to contradict the general findings of others in the field. In this review, we look critically at the methods, study designs, and analysis techniques used in the larger body of literature and compare them with the recent AREDS reports. (Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Hammond, B. R., Renzi-Hammond, L. M. Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
Perspective: Randomized Controlled Trials Are Not a Panacea for Diet-Related Research
We present and discuss 7 inherent and practical considerations with special relevance to RCTs designed to study diet: 1) the need for narrow focus; 2) the choice of subjects and exposures; 3) blinding of the intervention; 4) perceived asymmetry of treatment in relation to need; 5) temporal relations between dietary exposures and putative outcomes; 6) strict adherence to the intervention protocol, despite potential clinical counter-indications; and 7) the need to maintain methodologic rigor, including measuring diet carefully and frequently. Alternatives, including observational studies and adaptive intervention designs, ar...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Hebert, J. R., Frongillo, E. A., Adams, S. A., Turner-McGrievy, G. M., Hurley, T. G., Miller, D. R., Ockene, I. S. Tags: Perspectives Source Type: research
Erratum for Drewnowski. The Carbohydrate-Fat Problem: Can We Construct a Healthy Diet Based on Dietary Guidelines? Adv Nutr 2015;6(Suppl):318S-25S.
(Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Tags: Errata Source Type: research
Nutrition and Autism: Intervention Compared with Identification
(Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Field, S. S. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research
Residue, Fiber, and Subjectivity
(Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Ciampolini, M. Tags: Letters to the Editor Source Type: research
World Cancer Report 2014. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization, International Agency for Research on Cancer, WHO Press, 2015
(Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: McGuire, S. Tags: Reports from the Agencies Source Type: research
Selenium
(Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Prabhu, K. S., Lei, X. G. Tags: Nutrient Information Source Type: research
