The Potential Impact of Animal Science Research on Global Maternal and Child Nutrition and Health: A Landscape Review
High among the challenges facing mankind as the world population rapidly expands toward 9 billion people by 2050 is the technological development and implementation of sustainable agriculture and food systems to supply abundant and wholesome nutrition. In many low-income societies, women and children are the most vulnerable to food insecurity, and it is unequivocal that quality nutrition during the first 1000 d of life postconception can be transformative in establishing a robust, lifelong developmental trajectory. With the desire to catalyze disruptive advancements in global maternal and child health, this landscape revie...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 14, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Odle, J., Jacobi, S. K., Boyd, R. D., Bauman, D. E., Anthony, R. V., Bazer, F. W., Lock, A. L., Serazin, A. C. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Pediatric Celiac Disease: Follow-Up in the Spotlight
The follow-up of celiac disease (CD) is challenging due to the scarcity of published data and the lack of standardized evidence-based protocols. The worldwide frequency and methods of CD follow-up appear to be heavily influenced by expert opinions of the individual physicians who assess children with CD. The aim of this review was to summarize the available studies on CD follow-up in children. We conducted a literature search with the use of PubMed, Medline, and Embase (from 1900 to 15 December 2016) for terms relevant to this review, including CD, follow-up, dietary adherence or dietary compliance, nutrition, comorbiditie...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 14, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Valitutti, F., Trovato, C. M., Montuori, M., Cucchiara, S. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Supplementation of Infant Formula with Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membranes
In this study, there was an increased risk of eczema in the protein-rich group, but no serious adverse events. Infant formulas with supplemental MFGMs have been launched on the market in several countries. However, the evidence base must still be considered quite limited. Based on 3 randomized controlled trials that are not comparable, the intervention seems safe, but there is not enough evidence for a general recommendation on which MFGM fraction to use and at what concentration as formula supplement for a given outcome. (Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 14, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Timby, N., Domellöf, M., Lönnerdal, B., Hernell, O. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Early-Life Nutritional Programming of Cognition--The Fundamental Role of Epigenetic Mechanisms in Mediating the Relation between Early-Life Environment and Learning and Memory Process
The perinatal period is a window of heightened plasticity that lays the groundwork for future anatomic, physiologic, and behavioral outcomes. During this time, maternal diet plays a pivotal role in the maturation of vital organs and the establishment of neuronal connections. However, when perinatal nutrition is either lacking in specific micro- and macronutrients or overloaded with excess calories, the consequences can be devastating and long lasting. The brain is particularly sensitive to perinatal insults, with several neurologic and psychiatric disorders having been linked to a poor in utero environment. Diseases charac...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 14, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Moody, L., Chen, H., Pan, Y.-X. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
The Impact of Nutritional Interventions beyond the First 2 Years of Life on Linear Growth: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
A large body of evidence suggests that the first 1000 d from conception is a critical window in which interventions to address malnutrition will be most effective, but little is known about the impact on linear growth of nutritional interventions in children ≥2 y of age. The aim of this analysis was to evaluate the effectiveness of several nutrition-based interventions, specifically iron, zinc, calcium, iodine, vitamin A, multiple (≥2) micronutrients, protein, and food, at improving growth in children ≥2 y of age. A systematic search of MEDLINE and EMBASE retrieved 7794 articles. A total of 69 studies met prespeci...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 14, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Roberts, J. L., Stein, A. D. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Characteristics of Smartphone Applications for Nutrition Improvement in Community Settings: A Scoping Review
Smartphone applications are increasingly being used to support nutrition improvement in community settings. However, there is a scarcity of practical literature to support researchers and practitioners in choosing or developing health applications. This work maps the features, key content, theoretical approaches, and methods of consumer testing of applications intended for nutrition improvement in community settings. A systematic, scoping review methodology was used to map published, peer-reviewed literature reporting on applications with a specific nutrition-improvement focus intended for use in the community setting. Aft...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 14, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Tonkin, E., Brimblecombe, J., Wycherley, T. P. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Challenges and Lessons Learned in Generating and Interpreting NHANES Nutritional Biomarker Data
For the past 45 y, the National Center for Health Statistics at the CDC has carried out nutrition surveillance of the US population by collecting anthropometric, dietary intake, and nutritional biomarker data, the latter being the focus of this publication. The earliest biomarker testing assessed iron and vitamin A status. With time, a broad spectrum of water- and fat-soluble vitamins was added and biomarkers for other types of nutrients (e.g., fatty acids) and bioactive dietary compounds (e.g., phytoestrogens) were included in NHANES. The cross-sectional survey is flexible in design, and biomarkers may be measured for a s...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 14, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Pfeiffer, C. M., Lacher, D. A., Schleicher, R. L., Johnson, C. L., Yetley, E. A. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Self-Report Dietary Assessment Tools Used in Canadian Research: A Scoping Review
Choosing the most appropriate dietary assessment tool for a study can be a challenge. Through a scoping review, we characterized self-report tools used to assess diet in Canada to identify patterns in tool use and to inform strategies to strengthen nutrition research. The research databases Medline, PubMed, PsycINFO, and CINAHL were used to identify Canadian studies published from 2009 to 2014 that included a self-report assessment of dietary intake. The search elicited 2358 records that were screened to identify those that reported on self-report dietary intake among nonclinical, non-Aboriginal adult populations. A pool o...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 14, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Kirkpatrick, S. I., Vanderlee, L., Raffoul, A., Stapleton, J., Csizmadi, I., Boucher, B. A., Massarelli, I., Rondeau, I., Robson, P. J. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Optimizing Protein Intake in Adults: Interpretation and Application of the Recommended Dietary Allowance Compared with the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range
The adult RDA is defined as the average daily level of intake sufficient to meet the nutrient requirements of nearly all healthy people. The RDA for protein for adults ≥18 y of age (0.8 g/kg) has been essentially unchanged for >70 y. In practice, the RDA for protein was derived to estimate the minimum amount of protein that must be eaten to avoid a loss of body nitrogen. The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR) (10–35% of calories as protein) was developed to express dietary recommendations in the context of a complete diet. It is noteworthy that the lowest level of protein intake reflected in the...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 14, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Wolfe, R. R., Cifelli, A. M., Kostas, G., Kim, I.-Y. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Nutritional Approaches to Achieve Weight Loss in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
In conclusion, weight loss is crucial to the improvement of NAFLD and NASH, and patients should attempt various diets in an attempt to achieve weight loss. (Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 14, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Hsu, C. C., Ness, E., Kowdley, K. V. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, the Gut Microbiome, and Diet
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disorder in the world, yet the pathogenesis of the disease is not well elucidated. Due to the close anatomic and functional association between the intestinal lumen and the liver through the portal system, it is speculated that the gut microbiome may play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of NAFLD. Furthermore, diet, which can modulate the gut microbiome and several metabolic pathways involved in NAFLD development, shows a potential tripartite relation between the gut, diet, and the liver. In this review, we summarize the current evidence that supports the ...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 14, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Mokhtari, Z., Gibson, D. L., Hekmatdoost, A. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Effects of Dietary Flavonoids on Reverse Cholesterol Transport, HDL Metabolism, and HDL Function
Strong experimental evidence confirms that HDL directly alleviates atherosclerosis. HDL particles display diverse atheroprotective functions in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT), antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic processes. In certain inflammatory disease states, however, HDL particles may become dysfunctional and proatherogenic. Flavonoids show the potential to improve HDL function through their well-documented effects on cellular antioxidant status and inflammation. The aim of this review is to summarize the basic science and clinical research examining the effects of dietary flavonoids on RCT and HDL f...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 14, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Millar, C. L., Duclos, Q., Blesso, C. N. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Magnitude and Timing of the Postprandial Inflammatory Response to a High-Fat Meal in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review
Research findings over the past several decades have shown that inflammation is a prominent feature of many chronic diseases, with poor diet being one likely inflammatory stimulus. Specifically, a single high-fat meal (HFM) has been suggested to increase inflammation, although there is currently no consensus with regard to the specific changes in many of the proinflammatory markers that are frequently assessed after an HFM. The aim of this systematic review was to objectively describe the postprandial timing and magnitude of changes in 5 common inflammatory markers: interleukin (IL) 6, C-reactive protein (CRP), tumor necro...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 14, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Emerson, S. R., Kurti, S. P., Harms, C. A., Haub, M. D., Melgarejo, T., Logan, C., Rosenkranz, S. K. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Metabolic Effects of Inflammation on Vitamin A and Carotenoids in Humans and Animal Models
The association between inflammation and vitamin A (VA) metabolism and status assessment has been documented in multiple studies with animals and humans. The relation between inflammation and carotenoid status is less clear. Nonetheless, it is well known that carotenoids are associated with certain health benefits. Understanding these relations is key to improving health outcomes and mortality risk in infants and young children. Hyporetinolemia, i.e., low serum retinol concentrations, occurs during inflammation, and this can lead to the misdiagnosis of VA deficiency. On the other hand, inflammation causes impaired VA absor...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - March 14, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Rubin, L. P., Ross, A. C., Stephensen, C. B., Bohn, T., Tanumihardjo, S. A. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Gaps between Nutrition Support Guidelines and the Applications of Parenteral Nutrition
The literature suggests that gaps exist between nutrition support guidelines and the actual process of ordering/prescription, compounding, and administration. The purpose of this study was to describe the gaps, summarize the reasons, and present possible solutions to improve parenteral nutrition (PN) safety. This was a pilot study and provided the rationale for the data collection project. Ten articles were reviewed. Key words such as quality, parenteral nutrition, energy intake, and quality assurance were used in searching the databases of the ASN, American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition (ASPEN), the Cumulat...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - January 19, 2017 Category: Nutrition Authors: Bayrak, T., Kiehl, H., LaSalle, C. Tags: Vitamins, Minerals, and Bioactives Source Type: research
