Associations between Sleep, Cortisol Regulation, and Diet: Possible Implications for the Risk of Alzheimer Disease
Accumulation of proteinaceous amyloid β plaques and tau oligomers may occur several years before the onset of Alzheimer disease (AD). Under normal circumstances, misfolded proteins get cleared by proteasome degradation, autophagy, and the recently discovered brain glymphatic system, an astroglial-mediated interstitial fluid bulk flow. It has been shown that the activity of the glymphatic system is higher during sleep and disengaged or low during wakefulness. As a consequence, poor sleep quality, which is associated with dementia, might negatively affect glymphatic system activity, thus contributing to amyloid accumula...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - July 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Pistollato, F., Sumalla Cano, S., Elio, I., Masias Vergara, M., Giampieri, F., Battino, M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
The Impact of Maternal Vitamin D Status on Offspring Brain Development and Function: a Systematic Review
Various studies have examined associations between maternal vitamin D (VD) deficiency and offspring health, including offspring brain health. The purpose of this review was to summarize current evidence concerning the impact of maternal VD deficiency on brain development and function in offspring. A systematic search was conducted within Medline (on Ovid) for studies published through 7 May 2015. Animal and human studies that examined associations between maternal VD status or developmental VD deficiency and offspring brain development and function were included. A total of 26 animal studies and 10 human studies met the in...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - July 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Pet, M. A., Brouwer-Brolsma, E. M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
A Systematic Review of the Measurement of Sustainable Diets
Sustainability has become an integral consideration of the dietary guidelines of many countries in recent decades. However, a lack of clear metrics and a shared approach to measuring the multiple components of sustainable diets has hindered progress toward generating the evidence needed to ensure the credibility of new guidelines. We performed a systematic literature review of empirical research studies on sustainable diets to identify the components of sustainability that were measured and the methods applied to do so. Two independent reviewers systematically searched 30 databases and other sources with the use of a unifo...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - July 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Jones, A. D., Hoey, L., Blesh, J., Miller, L., Green, A., Shapiro, L. F. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
A Review of the Structural Characteristics of Family Meals with Children in the United States
Family meals are associated with a range of positive outcomes among children and adolescents. There is inconsistency, however, in the way in which studies have defined and measured family meals. Therefore, a systematic review of the literature was conducted to determine how studies describe family meals with the use of structural characteristics. The current review focused on studies in the United States that included children ages 2–18 y. A total of 33 studies were identified that characterized family meals with the use of ≥1 of the following structural features: frequency or mean number of family meals per week,...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - July 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: McCullough, M. B., Robson, S. M., Stark, L. J. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
Perspective: Closing the Dietary Fiber Gap: An Ancient Solution for a 21st Century Problem
An important gap exists between the daily amounts of fiber recommended in the human diet (28–42 g/d) and that which is actually consumed (median intake, 12–14 g/d). In fact, <5% of Americans meet the recommended intake for dietary fiber, and the magnitude of the gap is large, approximately a 50–70% shortfall. Because considerable evidence indicates that dietary fiber affects normal physiologic function and the onset of chronic diseases and their progression, the fiber gap represents an opportune target at which dietary interventions can be directed. This perspective considers whether a scientific basis...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - July 14, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Thompson, H. J., Brick, M. A. Tags: Perspective Source Type: research
The Effects of Breakfast Consumption and Composition on Metabolic Wellness with a Focus on Carbohydrate Metabolism
The objective of this review was to summarize the available evidence from randomized controlled trials assessing the impact of breakfast on variables related to carbohydrate metabolism and metabolic wellness. Consuming compared with skipping breakfast appeared to improve glucose and insulin responses throughout the day. Breakfast composition may also be important. Dietary patterns high in rapidly available carbohydrate were associated with elevated T2DM risk. Therefore, partial replacement of rapidly available carbohydrate with other dietary components, such as whole grains and cereal fibers, proteins, and unsaturated fatt...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Maki, K. C., Phillips-Eakley, A. K., Smith, K. N. Tags: Supplement-Running on Empty: Is There a Metabolic or Cognitive Benefit to the Morning Meal? Source Type: research
The Effects of Breakfast and Breakfast Composition on Cognition in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review
Breakfast is thought to be beneficial for cognitive and academic performance in school children. However, breakfast is the most frequently skipped meal, especially among adolescents. The aim of the current article was to systematically review the evidence from intervention studies for the effects of breakfast on cognitive performance in children and adolescents. The effects of breakfast were evaluated by cognitive domain and breakfast manipulation. A total of 45 studies reported in 43 articles were included in the review. Most studies considered the acute effect of a single breakfast (n = 34). The acute studies looked at b...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Adolphus, K., Lawton, C. L., Champ, C. L., Dye, L. Tags: Supplement-Running on Empty: Is There a Metabolic or Cognitive Benefit to the Morning Meal? Source Type: research
The Effects of Breakfast and Breakfast Composition on Cognition in Adults
Extensive literature has addressed the acute cognitive effects of breaking a fast. Recent reviews in this line of work have synthesized available research on the cognitive consequences of fasting compared with nutrient intake and the cognitive effects of macronutrient consumption. These largely have been inconclusive, possibly in part because of selection criteria limiting the scope of studies covered. The purpose of the current review is to integrate the results of the literature examining the cognitive effects of breakfast and breakfast composition in adults with the use of a flexible definition of breakfast, specificall...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Galioto, R., Spitznagel, M. B. Tags: Supplement-Running on Empty: Is There a Metabolic or Cognitive Benefit to the Morning Meal? Source Type: research
Evaluating the Intervention-Based Evidence Surrounding the Causal Role of Breakfast on Markers of Weight Management, with Specific Focus on Breakfast Composition and Size
This article provides a comprehensive review of the intervention-based literature that examines the effects of breakfast consumption on markers of weight management and daily food intake. In addition, specific focus on the composition and size (i.e., energy content) of the breakfast meal is included. Overall, there is limited evidence supporting (or refuting) the daily consumption of breakfast for body weight management and daily food intake. In terms of whether the type of breakfast influences these outcomes, there is accumulating evidence supporting the consumption of increased dietary protein and fiber content at breakf...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Leidy, H. J., Gwin, J. A., Roenfeldt, C. A., Zino, A. Z., Shafer, R. S. Tags: Supplement-Running on Empty: Is There a Metabolic or Cognitive Benefit to the Morning Meal? Source Type: research
Title page and TOC
(Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Tags: Supplement-Running on Empty: Is There a Metabolic or Cognitive Benefit to the Morning Meal? Source Type: research
Plant and Animal Protein Intakes Are Differentially Associated with Large Clusters of Nutrient Intake that May Explain Part of Their Complex Relation with CVD Risk
(Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Mariotti, F., Huneau, J.-F. Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Niacin
(Source: Advances in Nutrition)
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Meyer-Ficca, M., Kirkland, J. B. Tags: Nutrient Information Source Type: research
Nutrition in Cardioskeletal Health
Bone and heart health are linked through a variety of cellular, endocrine, and metabolic mechanisms, including the bidirectional effects of mineral-regulating hormones parathyroid hormone and fibroblast growth factor 23. Nutrition plays an important role in the development of both cardiovascular and bone disease. This review describes current knowledge on the relations between the cardiovascular system and bone and the influence of key nutrients involved in mineral metabolism—calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus—on heart and bone health, as well as the racial/ethnic differences in cardiovascular disease and osteo...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Hill Gallant, K. M., Weaver, C. M., Towler, D. A., Thuppal, S. V., Bailey, R. L. Tags: Review from ASN EB 2015 Symposia Source Type: research
Is There a Role for the Enteral Administration of Serum-Derived Immunoglobulins in Human Gastrointestinal Disease and Pediatric Critical Care Nutrition?
Twenty years ago, there was profound, international interest in developing oral human, bovine, or chicken egg–derived immunoglobulin (Ig) for the prevention and nutritional treatment of childhood malnutrition and gastrointestinal disease, including acute diarrhea and necrotizing enterocolitis. Although such Ig products were shown to be effective, with both nutritional and antidiarrheal benefits, interest waned because of their cost and because of the perceived risk of bovine serum encephalitis (BSE). BSE is no longer considered a barrier to use of oral Ig, because the WHO has declared the United States to be BSE-free...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Van Arsdall, M., Haque, I., Liu, Y., Rhoads, J. M. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
The Pediatric Methionine Requirement Should Incorporate Remethylation Potential and Transmethylation Demands
The metabolic demand for methionine is great in neonates. Indeed, methionine is the only indispensable sulfur amino acid and is required not only for protein synthesis and growth but is also partitioned to a greater extent to transsulfuration for cysteine and taurine synthesis and to >50 transmethylation reactions that serve to methylate DNA and synthesize metabolites, including creatine and phosphatidylcholine. Therefore, the pediatric methionine requirement must accommodate the demands of rapid protein turnover as well as vast nonprotein demands. Because cysteine spares the methionine requirement, it is likely that th...
Source: Advances in Nutrition - May 15, 2016 Category: Nutrition Authors: Robinson, J. L., Bertolo, R. F. Tags: Reviews Source Type: research
