The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

The Superficial Glia Limitans of Mouse and Monkey Brain and Spinal Cord
ABSTRACT Using the double immunostaining method, the glia limitans on the surfaces of mouse and monkey brain and spinal cord were studied systematically. The results showed that the superficial glia limitans of mouse brain and spinal cord comprise a layer of surface astrocytes, while the glia limitans of monkey comprise a layer of foot‐plates from marginal regions as described in histology and neuroscience textbooks. These surface astrocytes first appear at embryonic day (E)16 in spinal cord and at E17 on the ventral surface of the brain. At postnatal day (P)1, a layer of astrocytes covered the outermost regions of the s...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - May 18, 2013 Category: Anatomy Authors: Xiaofeng Liu, Zhaohuan Zhang, Wei Guo, Geoffrey Burnstock, Cheng He, Zhenghua Xiang Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Airway Morphology From High Resolution Computed Tomography in Healthy Subjects and Patients With Moderate Persistent Asthma
In this study, a commercial software package was used to segment the airway tree of seven healthy and six moderately persistent asthmatic patients from high resolution computed tomography images. The process was assessed with regards to the treatment of the images of the asthmatic group. The in vivo results for the bronchial length, diameter, WT, branching, and rotation angles are reported and compared per generation for different lobes. Furthermore, some popular mathematical relationships between these morphometric characteristics were examined in order to verify their validity for both groups. Our results suggest that, e...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - May 17, 2013 Category: Anatomy Authors: Spyridon Montesantos, Ira Katz, John Fleming, Carolin Majoral, Marine Pichelin, Cecile Dubau, Benoit Piednoir, Joy Conway, Joëlle Texereau, Georges Caillibotte Tags: Cover Image Source Type: research

Ontogenetic patterns of morphological variation in the ectocranial human vault
ABSTRACT The skull is considered a modular structure in which different parts are influenced by different factors and, as a result, achieve adult shape at different ages. Previous studies have suggested that the basicranium presents a modular pattern that distinguishes sagittal and lateral parts, probably affected by the brain and masticatory structures, respectively. The vault of modern humans, in contrast, has been considered as a highly integrated system mainly influenced by brain growth. Here, we explored developmental shape variation in sagittal and lateral ectocranial vault in humans in order to assess if both region...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - May 15, 2013 Category: Anatomy Authors: Marisol Anzelmo, Jimena Barbeito‐AndrÉs, Fernando Ventrice, Héctor M. Pucciarelli, Marina L. Sardi Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

How best can we define double outlet right ventricle when describing congenitally malformed hearts?
(Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - May 15, 2013 Category: Anatomy Authors: Robert H. Anderson Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research

Quantitative Analysis of the Cochlea using Three‐Dimensional Reconstruction based on Microcomputed Tomographic Images
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to provide data on various dimensions of the normal cochlea using three‐dimensional reconstruction based on high‐resolution micro‐CT images. The petrous parts of 39 temporal bones were scanned by micro‐computed tomography (CT) with a slice thickness of 35 μm. The micro‐CT images were used in reconstructing three‐dimensional volumes of the bony labyrinth using computer software. The volumes were used to measure 12 dimensions of the cochlea, and statistical analysis was carried out. The dimensions of cochleae varied widely between different specimens. The mean height and length...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - May 14, 2013 Category: Anatomy Authors: Kang‐Jae Shin, Ju‐Young Lee, Jeong‐Nam Kim, Ja‐Young Yoo, Chuog Shin, Wu‐Chul Song, Ki‐Seok Koh Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Morphology and Biomechanics of the Pinniped Jaw: Mandibular Evolution Without Mastication
In conclusion, familial patterns of pinniped jaw shape due to phylogenetic relatedness have been modified by adaptations to specialized behavior of individual taxa. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - May 7, 2013 Category: Anatomy Authors: Katrina E. Jones, Christopher B. Ruff, Anjali Goswami Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Cranial Muscle Development in the Model Organism Ambystoma mexicanum: Implications for Tetrapod and Vertebrate Comparative and Evolutionary Morphology and Notes on Ontogeny and Phylogeny
We describe different and complementary types of general muscle morphogenetic gradients in the head: from anterior to posterior, from lateral to medial, and from origin to insertion. Furthermore, even during the development of neotenic salamanders such as axolotls, various larval muscles become indistinct, contradicting the commonly accepted view that during ontogeny the tendency is mostly toward the differentiation of muscles. We provide an updated comparison between these muscles and the muscles of other vertebrates, a discussion of the homologies and evolution, and show that the order in which the muscles appear during ...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - May 6, 2013 Category: Anatomy Authors: Janine M. Ziermann, Rui Diogo Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

A Three‐Dimensional Atlas of Human Tongue Muscles
This report intended to fill this gap by displaying the tongue's anatomy in multiple ways. The primary material used in this study was serial axial images of the male and female human tongue from the Visible Human (VH) Project of the National Library of Medicine. In addition, thick serial coronal sections of three human tongues were rendered translucent. The VH axial images were computer reconstructed into serial coronal sections and each tongue muscle was outlined. These outlines were used to construct a three‐dimensional (3D) computer model of the tongue that allows each muscle to be seen in its in vivo anatomical posi...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - May 6, 2013 Category: Anatomy Authors: Ira Sanders, Liancai Mu Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Analysis of the effect of estrogen/androgen perturbation on penile development in transgenic and diethylstilbestrol‐Treated mice
This study demonstrates that formation of the urethal orifice and internal prepuce is due to fusion of separate epithelial‐surfaced mesenchymal elements, a process dependent upon both androgen and estrogen signaling, in which ERβ signaling is strongly implicated. Anat Rec, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - May 1, 2013 Category: Anatomy Authors: Sarah D. Blaschko, Phitsanu Mahawong, Max Ferretti, Tristan J. Cunha, Adriane Sinclair, Hong Wang, Bruce J. Schlomer, Gail Risbridger, Laurence S. Baskin, Gerald R. Cunha Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Seasonal Changes in the Activity of the Adrenal Medulla of Viscacha (Lagostomus maximus maximus)
ABSTRACT Animals living in nontropical climates modify their physiology and behavior to adapt to seasonal environmental changes. Part of this adaptation involves the release of catecholamine from sympathetic nerve endings and the adrenal medulla, which play a major role in regulating energy balance. The aim of this work was to investigate whether adult male viscachas in their natural habitat exhibits structural changes in the adrenal medulla during the annual seasonal cycle. In August–September, chromaffin granules revealed ultrastructural changes suggestive of piecemeal degranulation. Quantitative morphometric analysis ...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - April 30, 2013 Category: Anatomy Authors: Hugo Rodriguez, VerÓnica Palmira Filippa, Alicia Penissi, Teresa Fogal, Susana DomÍnguez, RamÓn Salvador Piezzi, Luis Scardapane Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Case Report of Flipper Anatomic Anomaly of Sotalia guianensis From Sepetiba Bay, Rio de Janeiro
ABSTRACT The cetacean flipper consists of a soft tissue that encases most of the forelimb containing humerus, radius, ulna, carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. Several studies have documented the typical cetacean's flipper anatomy, but only a few described digital anomalies and the most common are fusions and supernumerary such as polydactily and polyphalangy. The flippers of the Guiana dolphin, Sotalia guianensis have a falciform general aspect showing individual differences and marks produced by individual contact in social interactions that mainly occur on the posterior border. Here, we report for the first time a case...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - April 30, 2013 Category: Anatomy Authors: Juliana Marigo, Nelson S. Pinto, Paulo C. Simões‐Lopes, Leonardo Flach, Alexandre F. Azevedo, José Lailson‐Brito Tags: Rapid Report Source Type: research

Relationship Between Cell Proliferation and Eruption Rate in the Rat Incisor
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to further define the relationship between cell proliferation and the rate of tooth eruption in the rat incisor. Vinblastine is a drug that blocks cellular mitosis and was used to inhibit cell proliferation in the odontogenic region of rat incisors that were submitted to a shortening treatment or to higher masticatory forces. Male Wistar rats were divided into five groups: normofunctional (control group for incisor eruption), hypofunctional (incisor submitted to eruption acceleration), hyperfunctional (incisors under higher masticatory forces), hypofunctional with vinblastine and hyperfun...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - April 30, 2013 Category: Anatomy Authors: J.R. Gomes, N.F. Omar, E.R. Do Carmo, J.S. Neves, M.A.M. Soares, E.A. Narvaes, P.D. Novaes Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Codistribution of Collagen Type IV and Laminin in Liver Fibrosis of Elderly Cadavers: Immunohistochemical Marker of Perisinusoidal Basement Membrane Formation
ABSTRACT Liver sinusoids are lined by a fenestrated endothelium that lacks a basement membrane. Formation of perisinusoidal basement membranes beneath the endothelium is an integral feature of capillarization of sinusoids that is a significant pathology found in advanced fibrosis. Liver fibrosis is prevalent in elderly cadavers; however, basement membrane formation in these liver samples has yet to be studied. Collagen type IV and laminin are major basement membrane proteins and their codistribution around sinusoids provides an immunohistochemical marker of basement membrane formation. Here, we examined the intralobular si...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - April 21, 2013 Category: Anatomy Authors: Ki M. Mak, Lucy L. Chen, Ting‐Fang Lee Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Developmental Anatomy in the Zonular Connection with Lens Capsule in Macaque Eye
ABSTRACT Morphological analyses of zonule conjugated with lens capsule were performed on the developmental change in eyes from the age of fetus to 7 years old of the rhesus macaques (Macaca fuscata). The zonule was filamentous network in late fetus. After birth, the zonular microfibrils originated from the nonpigmented epithelium of the ciliary process. On the extending path toward the lens capsule through the chamber, microfibril assembled with neighbor fibril and also cohered with one another forming bundle. With growth, these bundles bifurcated into anterior and posterior groups on the equatorial region of capsule. The ...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - April 18, 2013 Category: Anatomy Authors: Mari Hiraoka, Teiko Kuroda, Kenichi Inoue, Haruki Senoo, Masahiko Takada Tags: Cover Image Source Type: research

Anatomy and Age Estimation of an Early Blue Whale (Balaenoptera musculus) Fetus
This study develops a model of body length changes during blue whale development by integrating the large International Whaling Statistics (IWS) database, historical observations of blue whale migration and reproduction, and descriptions of fetal growth trends in other mammals. The model predicts an age of 65 days postconception for the specimen. The early developmental milestones of Balaenoptera mirror those of the odontocete Stenella to a remarkable extent, but the first appearance of the caudal fluke and dorsal fin are delayed relative to other morphological transitions. The accelerated prenatal growth characteristic of...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - February 28, 2013 Category: Anatomy Authors: Rachel A. Roston, David Lickorish, Emily A. Buchholtz Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research