The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Sensory ability in the narwhal tooth organ system
ABSTRACT The erupted tusk of the narwhal exhibits sensory ability. The hypothesized sensory pathway begins with ocean water entering through cementum channels to a network of patent dentinal tubules extending from the dentinocementum junction to the inner pulpal wall. Circumpulpal sensory structures then signal pulpal nerves terminating near the base of the tusk. The maxillary division of the fifth cranial nerve then transmits this sensory information to the brain. This sensory pathway was first described in published results of patent dentinal tubules, and evidence from dissection of tusk nerve connection via the maxillar...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - March 18, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Martin T. Nweeia, Frederick C. Eichmiller, Peter V. Hauschka, Gretchen A. Donahue, Jack R. Orr, Steven H. Ferguson, Cortney A. Watt, James G. Mead, Charles W. Potter, Rune Dietz, Anthony A. Giuseppetti, Sandie R. Black, Alexander J. Trachtenberg, Winston Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Characterization of Nasal Cavity‐Associated Lymphoid Tissue in Ducks
This study focused on the anatomic and histological characteristics of the nasal cavity of the duck and performed a systemic overview of NALT. This will be beneficial for further understanding of immune mechanisms after nasal vaccination and the development of effective nasal vaccines for waterfowls. Anat Rec, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - March 3, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Haihong Kang, Mengfei Yan, Qinghua Yu, Qian Yang Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

First Evidence of Pathology in the Forelimb of the Late Miocene Saber‐Toothed Felid Promegantereon ogygia (Machairodontinae, Smilodontini)
We examined the first evidence of pathology in the forelimb of the primitive saber‐toothed felid Promegantereon ogygia, observed in a radius from the late Miocene (Vallesian, MN 10) site of La Roma 2 (Teruel, Spain). This fossil is the first evidence of a member of the Machairodontinae in this locality, and the first fossil of this species found in the Miocene basin of Teruel. The radius shows an exostosis shaped as a rough and wide bony crest probably caused by the lesion and posterior ossification of part of the tendon of the muscle abductor pollicis longus, an important extensor and abductor of the thumb. The lesion w...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - March 3, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Manuel J. Salesa, Mauricio Antón, Gema Siliceo, María Dolores Pesquero, Luis Alcalá Tags: Commentary Source Type: research

The Antiquity of Riverine Adaptations in Iniidae (Cetacea, Odontoceti) Documented by a Humerus from the Late Miocene of the Ituzaingó Formation, Argentina
We report here a humerus recovered from the late Miocene deposits of the Ituzaingó Formation in the Paraná Basin of Argentina. The specimen exhibits diagnostic features of the family Iniidae, including a scapular‐sternal joint of the humerus, which is a unique anatomical connection among mammals. This joint permits enhanced parasagittal adduction of the flipper as a control surface, relative to other odontocetes, providing Inia with a high degree of maneuverability in its structurally complex and heterogenous riverine habitat. This unique anatomical connection, here documented from the late Miocene (∼9 million years�...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - March 3, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Carolina Simon Gutstein, Mario Alberto Cozzuol, Nicholas D. Pyenson Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Berbamine Enhances the Antineoplastic Activity of Gemcitabine in Pancreatic Cancer Cells by Activating Transforming Growth Factor‐β/Smad Signaling
In this study, the effect of berbamine on the antitumor activity of gemcitabine was evaluated in human pancreatic cancer cell lines Bxpc‐3 and Panc‐1, and the underlying mechanisms were explored. Our results demonstrated that berbamine exhibited a time‐ and dose‐dependent inhibitory effect in the pancreatic cancer cell lines. Berbamine enhanced gemcitabine‐induced cell growth inhibition and apoptosis in these cells. Combined treatment of berbamine and gemcitabine resulted in down‐regulation of anti‐apoptotic proteins (Bcl‐2, Bcl‐xL) and up‐regulation of pro‐apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bid). More importan...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - March 1, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Xiaoli Jin, Yulian Wu Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Craniofacial Shape Variation in Twist1+/− Mutant Mice
This study provides a quantitative phenotype complement to the developmental and molecular genetic research previously done on Twist1. These results can be used to generate further hypotheses about the effect of Twist1 and premature suture fusion on the entire craniofacial skeleton. Anat Rec, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - March 1, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Trish E. Parsons, Seth M. Weinberg, Kameron Khaksarfard, R. Nicole Howie, Mohammed Elsalanty, Jack C. Yu, James J. Cray Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Anatomy and Histology of the Fibrocartilago humerocapsularis in Some Species of European Wild Birds
This study also provided interesting preliminary data regarding the ossification of the FHC. In fact, in the Hooded Crow (Corvus cornix), the ossification seemed to be correlated with the mechanical stimulation of flying. Additional studies are necessary to confirm this hypothesis. Anat Rec, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - February 21, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Marco Canova, Cristiano Bombardi, Nadia Sordi, Paolo Clavenzani, Annamaria Grandis Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

On the Fossil Record of the Gekkota
ABSTRACT Gekkota is often interpreted as sister to all remaining squamates, exclusive of dibamids, or as sister to Autarchoglossa. It is the only diverse lineage of primarily nocturnal lizards and includes some of the smallest amniotes. The skeleton of geckos has often been interpreted as paedomorphic and/or “primitive” but these lizards also display a wide range of structural specializations of the postcranium, including modifications associated with both scansorial locomotion and limb reduction. Although the concept of “Gekkota” has been variously applied by different authors, we here apply a rigorous apomorphy b...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - February 19, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Juan D. Daza, Aaron M. Bauer, Eric D. Snively Tags: Cover Image Source Type: research

Pregnancy‐Induced Hypertension is Associated With Altered Anatomical Patterns of Hyrtl's Anastomosis
ABSTRACT Umbilical arteries carry the blood from the fetus to the placenta and are typically connected by Hyrtl's anastomosis, a connection that is located near where the umbilical cord meets the placenta. The investigation of the anastomosis in pathological conditions, including pregnancy‐induced hypertension is limited. Hence, 200 placenta and umbilical cords, 100 from normotensive and 100 from pregnancy‐induced hypertensive subjects, were dissected and measurements were recorded. A single anastomosis between the umbilical arteries was observed in167 specimens. In 16 cases, the two umbilical arteries were fused, in 1...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - February 12, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Karma Lakhi Bhutia, Ratnabali Sengupta, Benoy Upreti, Binod K. Tamang Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Paneth Cell Identification in the Small Intestine of Guinea Pig Offsprings (Cavia porcellus)
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to determine the presence, number, and morphometrical characteristics of Paneth cells (PC) in the small intestine of guinea pigs during lactation. We used 48 pups from 0 to 15 days old. Samples from small intestine were fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde (pH 7.4) and processed for histological and morphometrical studies using hematoxylin and eosin (HE), Phloxine tartrazine or Masson's Trichome staining, or immunohistochemistry for lysozyme. PC were morphologically identified at day 2 using Masson's Trichome or Phloxine tartrazine stainings, and at day 4 using HE, whereas using immunohisto...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - February 1, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: María Elith Vásquez Cachay, Erika Pebe Gomez, José Luis Rodríguez Gutiérrez, Boris Lira Mejía, Néstor Falcón Pérez, Carolina Natalia Zanuzzi, Claudio Barbeito Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Postnatal Development of the Skull of Dinilysia patagonica (Squamata‐Stem Serpentes)
ABSTRACT The snake skull represents a profound transformation of the ancestral squamate cranium in which dermal skull roof bones were integrated with the braincase, in a manner convergent with that which occurred during the origin of mammals. However, the ontogeny of snake characters at the origin of the clade has until now been inaccessible. Here we describe a postnatal ontogenetic series of the Late Cretaceous stem snake Dinilysia patagonica and compare it to that of extant lizards and snakes. Comparative analysis indicates notable ontogenetic changes, including advanced state of ossification, isometric growth of the oti...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - February 1, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Agustín Scanferla, Bhart‐Anjan S. Bhullar Tags: Special Issue Article Source Type: research

Contrasting Histopathology and Crystal Deposits in Kidneys of Idiopathic Stone Formers Who Produce Hydroxy Apatite, Brushite, or Calcium Oxalate Stones
ABSTRACT Our previous work has shown that stone formers who form calcium phosphate (CaP) stones that contain any brushite (BRSF) have a distinctive renal histopathology and surgical anatomy when compared with idiopathic calcium oxalate stone formers (ICSF). Here we report on another group of idiopathic CaP stone formers, those forming stone containing primarily hydroxyapatite, in order to clarify in what ways their pathology differs from BRSF and ICSF. Eleven hydroxyapatite stone formers (HASF) (2 males, 9 females) were studied using intra‐operative digital photography and biopsy of papillary and cortical regions to meas...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - January 30, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Andrew P. Evan, James E. Lingeman, Elaine M. Worcester, Andre J. Sommer, Carrie L. Phillips, James C. Williams, Fredric L. Coe Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

The Cerebral Cortex of the Pygmy Hippopotamus, Hexaprotodon liberiensis (Cetartiodactyla, Hippopotamidae): MRI, Cytoarchitecture, and Neuronal Morphology
ABSTRACT The structure of the hippopotamus brain is virtually unknown because few studies have examined more than its external morphology. In view of their semiaquatic lifestyle and phylogenetic relatedness to cetaceans, the brain of hippopotamuses represents a unique opportunity for better understanding the selective pressures that have shaped the organization of the brain during the evolutionary process of adaptation to an aquatic environment. Here we examined the histology of the cerebral cortex of the pygmy hippopotamus (Hexaprotodon liberiensis) by means of Nissl, Golgi, and calretinin (CR) immunostaining, and provide...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - January 29, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Camilla Butti, R. Ewan fordyce, Mary Ann Raghanti, Xiaosi Gu, Christopher J. Bonar, Bridget A. Wicinski, Edmund W. Wong, Jessica Roman, Alanna Brake, Emily Eaves, Muhammad A. Spocter, Cheuk Y. Tang, Bob Jacobs, Chet C. Sherwood, Patrick R. Hof Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

VEGF Increases Paracellular Permeability in Brain Endothelial Cells via Upregulation of EphA2
ABSTRACT Neurological disorders are associated with an increase in the permeability of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMEC). Our previous findings have indicated that EphA2 could increase the permeability of HBMEC. Recent evidence has linked EphA2 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) to abnormalities in the vascular response. However, it is unclear whether EphA2 is involved in the VEGF‐induced changes in the permeability of HBMEC. Here, changes in permeability were determined by measuring transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the flux of FITC‐dextran. We found that knockdown of EphA2...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - January 24, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Ziwei Miao, Yanbin Dong, Wengang Fang, Deshu Shang, Dongxin Liu, Ke Zhang, Bo Li, Yu‐Hua Chen Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research