The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Incisor crown bending strength correlates with diet and incisor curvature in anthropoid primates
This study uses beam theory to calculate the mesiodistal and labiolingual bending strengths of the maxillary and mandibular incisors of hominoid and platyrrhine taxa with differing diets and variable degrees of incisal curvature. Results indicate that bending strength correlates with incisal curvature and that frugivores have elevated incisor bending resistance relative to folivores. Maxillary central incisor bending strengths further discriminate platyrrhine and hominoid hard‐ and soft‐object frugivores suggesting this crown is subjected to elevated occlusal loading relative to other incisors. These results are consis...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - August 23, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Andrew S. Deane Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Virtual reconstruction and geometric morphometrics as tools for paleopathology: A new approach to study rare developmental disorders of the skeleton
Abstract Survey studies of osteoarchaeological collections occasionally yield specimens exhibiting rare skeletal developmental disorders. Beyond paleopathological diagnosis, however, it is often difficult to gain insight into the processes, mechanisms, and consequences of the pathology, notably because archaeological specimens are often fragmentary. Here we propose a combination of virtual reconstruction (VR) and geometric morphometrics (GM) to address these issues. As an example, we use VR to reconstruct the only known archaeological specimen exhibiting persistence of the pelvic triradiate cartilage and compare it via GM ...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - August 18, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Marco Milella, Christoph P.E. Zollikofer, Marcia S. Ponce de León Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

miR‐129‐1‐3p Promote BGC‐823 Cell Proliferation by Targeting PDCD2
In this study, we explored the effect of miR‐129‐1‐3p on the growth and cell cycle of human gastric cancer cell line BGC‐823. The miR‐129‐1‐3p mimics or inhibitors were transfected into the BGC‐823 cell line, and the cell cycle and cell growth was measured by flow cytometry and real‐time cell analyzer, respectively. The possible targets of miR‐129‐1‐3p were analyzed by quantitative real time‐PCR (QRT‐PCR), Western blotting and Luciferase reporter assay. The results showed that miR‐129‐1‐3p could promote the growth and cell cycle of BGC‐823 cells. Although protein expression of programmed...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - August 11, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Yantao Du, Danping Wang, Lin Luo, Junming Guo Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Postsacral vertebral morphology in relation to tail length among primates and other mammals
This study quantifies postsacral vertebral morphology among living primates and other mammals known to differ in relative tail length (RTL). Linear and angular measurements with known biomechanical significance were collected on the first, mid‐, and transition proximal postsacral vertebrae, and their relationship with RTL was assessed using phylogenetic generalized least‐squares regression methods. Compared to shorter‐tailed primates, longer‐tailed primates possess a greater number of postsacral vertebral features associated with increased proximal tail flexibility (e.g., craniocaudally longer vertebral bodies), in...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - August 11, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Gabrielle A. Russo Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Tissue alterations in urethral and vaginal walls related to multiparity in rabbits
Conclusions. Our study shows that multiparity and age can be associated with epithelial and muscular atrophy of urethral and vaginal walls. The morphometry of the LUT between young and adult female rabbits varies with multiparity. These findings may help to better understand the effects of multiparity on young and adult females and its correlation with the development of pelvic dysfunctions. Anat Rec, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - August 1, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Nicte Xelhuantzi, Jorge Rodríguez‐Antolín, Leticia Nicolás, Francisco Castelán, Estela Cuevas, Margarita Martínez‐Gómez Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Technical Review: Types of Imaging—Direct STORM
This article provides an overview of the principles and uses of dSTORM. Advantages and disadvantages of dSTORM are also discussed. Anat Rec, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist)
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - July 1, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Ellen Jensen, David J. Crossman Tags: Commentary Source Type: research

Three‐Dimensional Study of the Facial Canal Using Microcomputed Tomography for Improved Anatomical Comprehension
ABSTRACT The aims of this study were to determine the various dimensions of the normal facial canal and to identify the spatial relationships between the facial canal and its adjacent structures using microcomputed tomography (micro‐CT) imaging and three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction. The petrous parts of 54 temporal bones were scanned using micro‐CT with a slice thickness of 35 μm. The serial micro‐CT images were used to reconstruct 3D volumes of the facial canal and the bony labyrinth with the aid of computer software. These volumes were used to measure 31 dimensions of the facial canal and its spatial relatio...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - July 1, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Kang‐Jae Shin, Young‐Chun Gil, Ju‐Young Lee, Jeong‐Nam Kim, Wu‐Chul Song, Ki‐Seok Koh Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Intracortical Remodeling Parameters Are Associated With Measures of Bone Robustness
ABSTRACT Prior work identified a novel association between bone robustness and porosity, which may be part of a broader interaction whereby the skeletal system compensates for the natural variation in robustness (bone width relative to length) by modulating tissue‐level mechanical properties to increase stiffness of slender bones and to reduce mass of robust bones. To further understand this association, we tested the hypothesis that the relationship between robustness and porosity is mediated through intracortical, BMU‐based (basic multicellular unit) remodeling. We quantified cortical porosity, mineralization, and hi...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - June 25, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Haviva M. Goldman, Naomi A. Hampson, J. Jared Guth, David Lin, Karl J. Jepsen Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

The Mammary Glands of the Amazonian Manatee, Trichechus inunguis (Mammalia: Sirenia): Morphological Characteristics and Microscopic Anatomy
ABSTRACT The mammaries from carcasses of two female Amazonian manatees were examined. Trichechus inunguis possesses two axillary mammaries beneath the pectoral fins, one on each side of the body. Each papilla mammae has a small hole on its apex—the ostium papillare. The mammaries are covered by a stratified squamous keratinized epithelium. The epithelium of the mammary ducts became thinner more deeply in the tissue and varied from stratified to simple cuboidal. There was no evidence of glandular activity or secretion into the ducts of the mammary glands. Anat Rec, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. (Source: The Anatom...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - June 12, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Fernanda Rosa Rodrigues, Vera Maria Ferreira Silva, José Fernando Marques Barcellos Tags: Rapid Report Source Type: research

The Development of Septation in the Four‐Chambered Heart
ABSTRACT The past decades have seen immense progress in the understanding of cardiac development. Appreciation of precise details of cardiac anatomy, however, has yet to be fully translated into the more general understanding of the changing structure of the developing heart, particularly with regard to formation of the septal structures. In this review, using images obtained with episcopic microscopy together with scanning electron microscopy, we show that the newly acquired information concerning the anatomic changes occurring during separation of the cardiac chambers in the mouse is able to provide a basis for understan...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - May 27, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Robert H. Anderson, Diane E. Spicer, Nigel A. Brown, Timothy J. Mohun Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Characterization of Enamel Incremental Markings and Crown Growth Parameters in Minipig Molars
ABSTRACT We studied the structure and periodicity of regular incremental markings in third molar enamel of minipigs. Light microscopy of ground sections revealed the presence of incremental markings matching the description of laminations. Their number within the section planes closely paralleled crown formation time (CFT) in days reported for minipig third molars, thereby indicating the daily nature of laminations. Spacing of consecutive laminations increased from lowest values in the inner to highest values in the outer enamel, where mean daily secretion rates of about 20 µm were recorded. Mean enamel extension rates de...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - May 20, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Horst Kierdorf, Friederike Breuer, Alan Richards, Uwe Kierdorf Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

A histological investigation into the correlation of central retinal artery atherosclerosis with the systemic circulation
ABSTRACT Current research suggests that retinal arterial changes such as arteriovenous nicking and arterial narrowing are pathologically distinct from atherosclerosis. Other studies have found a positive correlation between retinal changes and systemic atherosclerosis. However, limited recent histopathologic evidence assessing atherosclerosis in the central retinal artery exists. We investigated atherosclerosis in the central retinal artery and how it correlates to atherosclerosis in the carotid and coronary arteries. Twenty‐two cadavers (12 males, 10 females) were dissected, obtaining one orbit, one carotid artery, and ...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - May 1, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Matthew J. Schear, Brian Lee Beatty Tags: Full Article Source Type: research

Myosin Isoform Expression in the Prehensile Tails of Didelphid Marsupials: Functional Differences Between Arboreal and Terrestrial Opossums
Abstract Prehensile tails are defined as having the ability to grasp objects and are commonly used as a fifth appendage during arboreal locomotion. Despite the independent evolution of tail prehensility in numerous mammalian genera, data relating muscle structure, physiology, and function of prehensile tails are largely incomplete. Didelphid marsupials make an excellent model to relate myosin heavy chain (MHC) isoform fiber type with structure/function of caudal muscles, as all opossums have a prehensile tail and tail use varies between arboreal and terrestrial forms. Expanding on our previous work in the Virginia opossum,...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - May 1, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: J. E. Rupert, E. Cordero Schmidt, A. Moreira‐Sota, B. Rodríguez Herrera, J. L. Vandeberg, M. T. Butcher Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

Morphologic Observation of Mucosa‐Associated Lymphoid Tissue in the Large Intestine of Bactrian Camels (Camelus bactrianus)
ABSTRACT The structure and distribution of the mucosa‐associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) throughout the large intestine of 10 Bactrian camels were comparatively studied by anatomical and histological methods. The results showed that Peyer's patches (PPs) were mainly located on the mucosal surfaces of the entire ileocecal orifice, the beginning of the cecum and the first third of the colon. The shape of PPs gradually changed from “scrotiform” to “faviform” along the large intestine with the scrotiform PP as the major type in the ileocecal orifice. The distribution density also gradually decreased from the ileocecal...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - May 1, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: YINGPAI ZhaXi, Wenhui Wang, Wangdong Zhang, Qiang Gao, Minggang Guo, Shuai Jia Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research

White Matter Injuries Induced by MK‐801 in a Mouse Model of Schizophrenia Based on NMDA Antagonism
ABSTRACT The etiology of schizophrenia (SZ) is complex and largely unknown. Neuroimaging and postmortem studies have suggested white matter disturbances in SZ. In the present study, we tested the white matter deficits hypothesis of SZ using a mouse model of SZ induced by NMDA receptor antagonist MK‐801. We found that mice with repeated chronic MK‐801 administration showed increased locomotor activity in the open field test, less exploration of a novel environment in the hole‐board test, and increased anxiety in the elevated plus maze but no impairments were observed in coordination or motor function on accelerating r...
Source: The Anatomical Record Part B: The New Anatomist - May 1, 2014 Category: Anatomy Authors: Yun Xiu, Xiang‐Ru Kong, Lei Zhang, Xuan Qiu, Feng‐Lei Chao, Chao Peng, Yuan Gao, Chun‐Xia Huang, San‐Rong Wang, Yong Tang Tags: Full Length Article Source Type: research