Breast cancer screening: meeting the challenges of today and exploring the technologies of tomorrow
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women in the United States, second to lung cancer.1 In 2014, it is estimated that 232,670 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in women and 40,000 women will die of breast cancer.1 Although there was a nearly 7% decrease in the breast cancer incidence rate from 2002 to 2003, attributed to decreased use of combined estrogen-progestin hormone therapy for menopause, incidence rates of invasive and in situ breast cancer were stable from 2006 to 2010. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 22, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Monica L. Huang, Stephen Rose, Wei T. Yang Source Type: research
Screening for Carotid Artery Stenosis
Stroke remains the leading cause of permanent disability. Embolic stroke due to severe carotid artery stenosis can be preventable. In this article, we review the management of carotid artery stenosis and examine the role of carotid artery screening in primary and secondary stroke prevention. Carotid duplex ultrasonography is the screening test of choice for the detection of carotid artery stenosis in asymptomatic patients at risk for atherosclerosis. Screening to detect carotid artery stenosis is currently not recommended for asymptomatic patients who do not have risk factors. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 22, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Tam T.T. Huynh, Karen Broadbent, Alexis D. Hall, Sorensen James, Jeremy J. Erasmus Source Type: research
Case of the Season: Management of the Subsolid Pulmonary Nodule
Solitary pulmonary nodules, both solid and subsolid, are detected with increasing frequency due to the widespread use of multidetector computed tomography. Knowledge gleaned from lung cancer CT screening trials have contributed to the recent release of guidelines for the management of pulmonary nodules, solid and subsolid, by the Fleischner Society, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and the American College of Chest Physicians. In terms of nodule attenuation, a solid nodule completely obscures the lung parenchyma and represents a rounded opacity, well or poorly defined, measuring up to 3cm in diameter1. (Source: Se...
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 22, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Ana Paula A. Benveniste, Myrna C.B. Godoy, Mylene T. Truong, Chitra Viswanathan, Marcelo F. Benveniste Source Type: research
Colorectal Cancer Screening
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is well-suited to screening. It is a common disease, affecting approximately 1 in 20 adults in the USA and Europe, ultimately proving fatal in almost 50% of cases. Symptoms are frequently non-specific, and are often common (e.g. change in bowel habit, abdominal pain), leading many patients to ignore the condition until a relatively late (and hence incurable) stage. As for most cancers, prognosis is strongly related to disease stage at presentation, with early tumors (confined to the bowel wall) having nearly 95% 5-year survival compared to less than 50% if there is nodal involvement 1. (Source: Semi...
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 22, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Andrew A. Plumb, Steve Halligan Source Type: research
Use of Ionizing Radiation in Screening Examinations for Coronary Artery Calcium and Cancers of the Lung, Colon, and Breast
Most medical imaging tests are used for diagnostic purposes to evaluate symptomatic patients, but a select few are commonly used for screening, including computed tomography (CT) for coronary artery calcium screening, lung cancer screening, and colon cancer screening; and mammography for breast cancer screening. All of these tests use ionizing radiation. Concerns about potential risk associated with ionizing radiation have increased in recent years, with the increased use of medical imaging. Given that screening examinations are performed on asymptomatic patients, controlling radiation dose to as low as reasonably achievab...
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 20, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Shuai Leng, Carrie B. Hruska, Cynthia H. McCollough Source Type: research
Use of Ionizing Radiation in Screening Exams for Coronary Artery Calcium and Cancers of the Lung, Colon and Breast
The majority of medical imaging tests are used for diagnostic purposes to evaluate symptomatic patients, but a select few are commonly used for screening, including computed tomography (CT) for coronary artery calcium screening, lung cancer screening, and colon cancer screening; and mammography for breast cancer screening. All of these tests utilize ionizing radiation. Concerns about potential risk associated with ionizing radiation have increased in recent years with the increased use of medical imaging. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 20, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Shuai Leng, Carrie B. Hruska, Cynthia H. McCollough Source Type: research
Lung Cancer Screening—Why Do It? Tobacco, the History of Screening, and Future Challenges
The US National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST) begun in 2002 was halted early in October 2010 owing to clear evidence that annual screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans led to decreased mortality in the screened population. The NLST posted a 20% reduction in deaths due to lung cancer and a 7% decrease in all-cause mortality.1 Building on decades of research and previous trials, it was the first randomized controlled clinical trial to incontrovertibly validate a mortality benefit from lung cancer screening. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 17, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Patricia M. de Groot, Brett W. Carter, Myrna C.B. Godoy, Reginald F. Munden Source Type: research
Positron Emission Tomography-Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Technical Review
This article is intended to provide an overview of key technical features and challenges associated with combining positron emission tomography (PET) and magnetic resonance (MR) scanning, which we will refer to as PET-MR even if it entails coordinated scanning on PET and MR instruments in adjacent rooms. Although other studies have provided excellent coverage of the technical details,1-3 our goal is to emphasize the conceptual to make this material most accessible. Intended to serve a clinical audience, we focus on clinically relevant strategies and systems. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 17, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Raymond F. Muzic, Frank P. DiFilippo Source Type: research
PET/MRI – Technical Review
PET/MR is a hybrid imaging technology with the potential to combine the molecular and functional information of PET with the soft-tissue contrast of MR. Herein we review the technical features and challenges of putting these different technologies together. We emphasize the conceptual to make the material accessible to a wide audience. We begin by reviewing PET/CT, a more mature multi-modality imaging technology, to provide a basis for comparison to the history of PET/MR development. We discuss the motivation and challenges of PET/MR and different approaches that have been used to meet the challenges. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 17, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Raymond F. Muzic, Frank P. DiFilippo Tags: Seminars in Roentgenology Source Type: research
Lung Cancer Screening: How to Do It
Interest amongst radiologists and clinicians in performing lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has increased markedly in recent years, in large part due to trials such as the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) that demonstrated reduced mortality from lung cancer in high-risk patients undergoing a series of LDCT examinations. Since that time, several national organizations have released guidelines and algorithms designed to help healthcare providers identify individuals who may benefit from screening and guide appropriate management. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 17, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Brett W. Carter, Patricia M. de Groot, Myrna C.B. Godoy, Reginald F. Munden Source Type: research
Lung Cancer Screening—why do it? Tobacco, the History of Screening and Future Challenges
The US National Lung Cancer Screening Trial (NLST) begun in 2002 was halted early in October 2010 due to clear evidence that annual screening with low dose computed tomography (LDCT) scans led to decreased mortality in the screened population. The NLST posted a 20% reduction in deaths from lung cancer and a 7% decrease in all-cause mortality.1 Building on decades of research and previous trials, it was the first randomized controlled clinical trial to incontrovertibly validate a mortality benefit from lung cancer screening. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 17, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Patricia M. de Groot, Brett W. Carter, Myrna C.B. Godoy, Reginald F. Munden Source Type: research
Screening for peripheral artery disease
Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is a common condition, which is strongly linked with increased risk of atherosclerotic disease at other sites in the aging population. Much of the population who are considered high-risk for PAD are also considered as high-risk for other cardiovascular diseases, and are candidates for many of the proposed risk-reduction medical interventions. The intention behind screening for PAD in asymptomatic populations is two-fold: to improve outcomes from PAD, and to prevent adverse cardio- and cerebrovascular (CVD) events. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 17, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: James Sorensen, Sonia Wilks, Alexis D. Hall, Tam T.T. Huynh Source Type: research
PET/MRI – Technical Review
PET/MR is a hybrid imaging technology with the potential to combine the molecular and functional information of PET with the soft-tissue contrast of MR. Herein we review the technical features and challenges of putting these different technologies together. We emphasize the conceptual to make the material accessible to a wide audience. We begin by reviewing PET/CT, a more mature multi-modality imaging technology, to provide a basis for comparison to the history of PET/MR development. We discuss the motivation and challenges of PET/MR and different approaches that have been used to meet the challenges. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 17, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Raymond F. Muzic, Frank P. DiFilippo Tags: Seminars in Roentgenology Source Type: research
Lung Cancer Screening: How to Do It
Interest amongst radiologists and clinicians in performing lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has increased markedly in recent years, in large part due to trials such as the National Lung Screening Trial (NLST) that demonstrated reduced mortality from lung cancer in high-risk patients undergoing a series of LDCT examinations. Since that time, several national organizations have released guidelines and algorithms designed to help healthcare providers identify individuals who may benefit from screening and guide appropriate management. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 17, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Brett W. Carter, Patricia M. de Groot, Myrna C.B. Godoy, Reginald F. Munden Source Type: research
