State of the Art Treatment and Surveillance Imaging of Glioblastomas
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in the United States and the world with about 15,000 and 210,000 new cases diagnosed each year, respectively.1 For the past decade, the standard treatment for GBM has been maximal surgical resection with adjuvant chemoradiation followed by ongoing temozolomide.2 Although the median overall survival has been improved incrementally with this regimen, the prognosis remains dismal and compels additional therapeutic options to combat this deadly and heterogeneous disease. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - November 20, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Stefan Margiewicz, Christine Cordova, Andrew S. Chi, Rajan Jain Tags: 53/1 - Brain Neoplasms - Jan 2018 Source Type: research
Response Assessment in Treated Brain Tumors: The Fundamentals
Approximately 75,000 cancers of the brain and central nervous system are newly diagnosed each year in the US.1 Gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor and these primary brain malignancies are classified by the World Health Organization into 4 different types (I-IV) depending on the grade or severity of these lesions.2 Glioblastoma (GBM), a grade IV malignancy, is the most common primary malignant brain tumor and represents up to 16% of all primary central nervous system neoplasms. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - November 20, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Mohamad Bazerbashi, Diana Gomez-Hassan Source Type: research
Current Clinical State of Advanced MR Imaging for Brain Tumor Diagnosis and Follow-Up
Imaging in neuro-oncology has changed substantially in the past decades. The ongoing development of advanced and sophisticated imaging techniques has allowed for evaluation of both the anatomy and physiology of tumors. In addition to structural and phenotypic assessment of a tumor, the use of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), perfusion-weighted imaging, MR spectroscopy (MRS), and functional MRI (fMRI) allows for assessment of the cellular, hemodynamic, metabolic, and functional status of the tumor. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - November 20, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Michael Iv, Byung C. Yoon, Jeremy J. Heit, Nancy Fischbein, Max Wintermark Source Type: research
Is it or is it not? Brain Tumor Mimics
The presence of a brain tumor, whether primary or secondary, is evaluated based on a number of factors: age, history, clinical presentation, location, enhancement characteristics, calcification, hemorrhage, and edema. However, non-neoplastic processes may exhibit a similar imaging appearance as intracranial neoplasms. Incorrect imaging interpretation may delay the patient ′s diagnosis and treatment. Infectious, inflammatory, demyelinating, or vascular processes may sometimes be mistaken for a brain tumor on imaging. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - November 20, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: John L. Go, Jay Acharya, Anandh G. Rajamohan Source Type: research
Pediatric Brain Tumors: A Different Ball Game
Over the past years, there has been further advancement in genetics and molecular understanding of brain tumors. Pediatric brain tumors have seen some of the most significant changes, additions, and restructuring in the latest World Health Organization classification (WHO). The major revision of tumor classification within the central nervous system (CNS) by the World Health Organization now has an integrated approach, using phenotypic and genotypic parameters.1 This restructuring utilizes molecular features to classify CNS tumors. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - November 20, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Aashim Bhatia, Sumit Pruthi Source Type: research
A primer on secondary brain neoplasms: The essentials
Secondary intracranial brain neoplasms are defined as intra- and extra-axial lesions metastasizing from tumors outside the central nervous system (CNS). Secondary intracranial brain neoplasms are much more common than primary tumors, with rates ranging from 100,000 to 260,000 cases per year in the United States.1 According to the 2009-2013 Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, the overall incidence rate of all primary malignant and non-malignant brain and other CNS tumors is an estimated 79,270 new cases expected in 2017 or 22.36 cases per 100,000/year (7.18 malignant and (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - November 20, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: John Kim, Michelle M. Kim, Leslie Jay Starkey Source Type: research
Letter From the Guest Editor —Musculoskeletal Neoplasms
Several years ago a former colleague of mine shared with me an interesting case. She called me over to look at what she believed was a bizarre Baker cyst on a magnetic resonance imaging of the knee. Initially, as I viewed the images myself, I also believed the individual had a quite unusual Baker cyst. The patient had a large cystic appearing lesion posterior to the knee, which appeared bright on fluid sensitive sequences. However, on closer inspection, the signal of the lesion did not quite match the signal of fluid and the lesion did not really follow the expected location of a Baker cyst. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - September 29, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Robert D. Wissman Source Type: research
Letter from the Editor: What is Medicaid?
American politicians have been discussing changes to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA, eg, “Affordable Care Act” or “ObamaCare”) but as I write this letter, no bills have made it through both the House and the Senate. A major part of the debate revolves around funding for Medicaid, specifically, proposed cuts to Medicaid funding. Medicaid is the nation’s public health insurance program for people with low income. How much do you understand about the history and current role of Medicaid? (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - September 1, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Jannette Collins Source Type: research
Letter from the Editor: What is Medicaid?
American politicians have been discussing changes to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA, e.g., “Affordable Care Act” or “ObamaCare”) but as I write this letter, no bills have made it through both the House and the Senate. A major part of the debate revolves around funding for Medicaid, specifically, proposed cuts to Medicaid funding. Medicaid is the nation′s public health insurance program for people with low income. How much do you understand about the history and current role of Medicaid? (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - September 1, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Jannette Collins Source Type: research
Ultrasound in the Evaluation of Musculoskeletal Soft-Tissue Masses
During the last two decades, high-resolution ultrasound (US) has been increasingly used as a first-line examination in the evaluation of musculoskeletal (MSK) soft-tissue masses, particularly those that are located in the subcutaneous tissues and along the superficial fascial planes.1,2 (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - August 18, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Mihra S. Taljanovic, Lana H. Gimber, Andrea S. Klauser, Jack A. Porrino, Tyson S. Chadaz,, Imran M. Omar Source Type: research
Ultrasound in the Evaluation of MSK Soft Tissue Masses
High-resolution ultrasound is being increasingly used as the first line examination in the evaluation of MSK masses and mass-like lesions. One of the major advantages of US with respect to magnetic resonance imaging is the ability to distinguish cystic form solid lesions without use of intravenous contrast. The definitive diagnosis of benign MSK soft tissue masses frequently may be achieved solely on US examination in conjunction with clinical history and exam which can reassure the patient and alleviate the need for biopsy or additional imaging. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - August 18, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Mihra S. Taljanovic, Lana H. Gimber, Andrea S. Klauser, Jack A. Porrino, Tyson S. Chadaz,, Imran M. Omar Source Type: research
Case of the season: Diffuse Neurofibroma
A 21-year-old male presented with a mass of the medial aspect of the left ankle. The patient complained of having difficulty wearing shoes. The mass was soft, non-tender and covered by several prominent veins. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - August 9, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Abigail Wissman, Eric B. England, Kaushal Mehta Source Type: research
Letter From the Guest Editor: Lung Cancer Screening in the year 2017
“The best is yet to come” (song composed by Cy Coleman, with lyrics by Carolyn Leigh) (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - July 1, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Florian J. Fintelmann Source Type: research
Letter from the Editor: The Aging Brain
Our brains are like human computers. They interpret the sensory inputs that lead to appropriate outputs. Both human and nonhuman computers can fail at this, through “normal” aging and a variety of internal and external insults. Their processing speeds slow with age. One runs out of adequate memory and the other loses memory with time. Certain precautions can prevent or slow the destruction. Employing the latest antiviral software and not falling prey to ran som ware invasions can go a long way to protecting personal computers. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - June 14, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Jannette Collins Source Type: research
Letter from the Editor: The Aging Brain
Our brains are like human computers. They interpret sensory inputs that lead to appropriate outputs. Both human and nonhuman computers can fail at this, through “normal” aging and a variety of internal and external insults. Their processing speeds slow with age. One runs out of adequate memory and the other loses memory with time. Certain precautions can prevent or slow the destruction. Employing the latest antiviral software and not falling prey to ran som ware invasions can go a long way to protecting personal computers. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - June 14, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Jannette Collins Source Type: research
