Brief history of Lung Cancer Screening including the National Lung Screening Trial
Lung cancer is the second most common cancer in both men and women. About 224,390 new cases of are expected in 2016, accounting for about 14% of all cancer diagnoses.1 Lung cancer accounts for more deaths than any other cancer in both men and women. An estimated 158,080 deaths are expected to occur in 2016, accounting for about 1 in 4 cancer deaths.1 If diagnosed after symptoms occur, lung cancer typically has often spread to regional or distant sites, resulting in a dismal 5-year survival rate of 27% and 4%, respectively. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - June 3, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Florian J. Fintelmann, Adam Bernheim, Theresa C. McLoud Source Type: research
PET/CT of Osteosarcoma and Ewing Sarcoma
Osteosarcoma is a tumor characterized by the malignant proliferation of osteoid producing mesenchymal spindle cells and is the most common primary bone malignancy in children and adolescents.1 Approximately 400 patients younger than 20 years of age are diagnosed with osteosarcoma each year in the United States.2 The peak incidence is in the second decade of life, and it affects males more frequently than females.3 The most common primary tumor site is the femur followed by the tibia and humerus. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - May 4, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Colleen M. Costelloe, Hubert H. Chuang, Najat C. Daw Source Type: research
Infections of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Pseudomembranous colitis (PMC) is caused by Clostridium difficile, a gram positive bacillus, most commonly developing in patients after long or multiple courses of antibiotics. The clinical picture varies from mild diarrhea to fulminant colitis with toxic megacolon and perforation. Treatment typically consists of oral Vancomycin, with severe or refractory cases sometime requiring surgical intervention.1 (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - April 27, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: B. Siewert, D. Becker-Weidman, A.F. Bezuidenhout, R.L. Eisenberg Source Type: research
Posttreatment Imaging in Orthopedic Oncology
Musculoskeletal soft tissue tumors and tumor-like lesions comprise an incredibly diverse group of disease entities affecting both the adult and pediatric populations. As survival rates have improved with both surgical and medical treatment of soft tissue tumors, radiology departments are increasingly called upon to provide long-term periodic follow-up imaging studies after treatment. This frequently entails a multimodality approach to imaging, and requires familiarity with expected posttreatment change as well as the ability to recognize tumor recurrence, and treatment-related complications when they occur. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - April 14, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: George J. Watts V, Adam C. Zoga, John A. Abraham Source Type: research
Posttreatment Imaging in Orthopaedic Oncology
The complex nature of orthopaedic oncologic disease and the requisite multidisciplinary approach to treatment necessitates a multimodality approach to imaging in the post treatment setting. In the following chapter, both standard and advanced imaging techniques are discussed, with accompanying useful pattern recognition tools for image interpretation. The chapter is subdivided based on both tumor type and method of treatment, emphasizing unique post treatment imaging attributes in each category. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - April 14, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: George J. Watts V, Adam C. Zoga, John A. Abraham Source Type: research
Musculoskeletal Tumor Imaging: Focus on Emerging Techniques
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a central imaging modality for the evaluation of musculoskeletal bone and soft tissue tumors. Conventional imaging with T1-weighted (T1W), T2-weighted (T2W), and static intravenous-contrast enhanced imaging retains the utility it has enjoyed since the early use of MRI.1 –3 Over the years, many additional techniques have been developed that go beyond standard anatomic sequences and examine the functional and metabolic properties of tissue.4 While many of these techniques have become standard in the routine evaluation of other organ systems, such as the brain, the musculoskeletal imaging...
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - April 13, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Blake C. Jones, Laura M. Fayad Source Type: research
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Bone Tumors
Malignant primary bone tumors make up only 0.2% of all malignancies in adults1,2 and 5% in children from ages 5-15 years.1,3 Benign bone tumors are more common, but the true prevalence is unknown because they are often asymptomatic and go undiscovered. The clinical presentation of bone tumors can be challenging. The nonspecific gradual onset of pain and swelling in most malignant tumors and asymptomatic nature of many benign tumors1,4 reinforce the importance of the radiologist ׳s role in detecting, working up, and staging bone lesions. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - April 11, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Lauren M. Ladd, Trenton D. Roth Source Type: research
Radiographic analysis of Bone Tumors: A systematic approach
Bone tumors are a commonly encountered diagnostic dilemma for radiologists. Benign and malignant neoplasms, metabolic abnormalities, and tumor-like conditions (reactive focal abnormalities often related to developmental or inflammatory causes) all fall under the purview of bone tumors.1 Primary bone tumors are rare; tumor-like conditions, metastatic disease, and lympho-hematological malignancies outnumber primary bone tumors by far.2 Conventional radiography is recommended as the initial imaging modality of suspected bone tumors 1 –5 Radiography provides excellent resolution and yields the most useful information about t...
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - April 11, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Kaushal Mehta, Morgan P. McBee, David C. Mihal, Eric B. England Tags: Issue 52/4 - MSK Source Type: research
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Soft Tissue Masses
Soft tissue masses are a common problem encountered in clinical and radiologic practice. Timely and appropriate imaging is thus imperative. Technologic advances have provided a wide array of assessment tools necessitating knowledge of imaging appropriateness. While characterization remains problematic, MRI is a well-established modality in the detection and staging of musculoskeletal lesions. Equally important is an understanding of MR limitations and artifacts. We will review the role of MRI in the initial detection and characterization of a soft tissue mass as well as posttreatment evaluation, and provide an overview of ...
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - April 11, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Aaron D. Fain, Francesca D. Beaman Tags: Issue 52/4 - MSK Source Type: research
Strategies for Biopsy of Musculoskeletal Tumors
Percutaneous biopsy has proven to be an effective and accurate method of obtaining histologic specimens for the diagnosis of both osseous and soft tissue lesions. When combined with image guidance, percutaneous biopsy can provide a precise noninvasive method to establish the definitive diagnosis in a non-invasive manner. Each bone and soft tissue lesion has a unique set of characteristics and when performing image guided percutaneous biopsy there are many variables to be considered to assure the right type of procedure is performed for each unique lesion. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - April 11, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Nathan A. Daley, William J. Reed, Jeffrey J. Peterson Source Type: research
CT and MR imaging of Bone Tumors
Imaging is the key to diagnosing and guiding management of bone tumors. Although radiographs are the gold standard for initial imaging evaluation and may make the diagnosis, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging are important adjunct tools for further characterization as a benign or aggressive lesion, accurately determining matrix composition, assessing lesion extent as well as secondary involvement of nearby structures if malignant, and staging tumors when applicable. In this article, we will highlight important features of CT and MR imaging for bone tumor evaluation and review the cross-sectional i...
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - April 11, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Lauren M. Ladd, Trenton D. Roth Source Type: research
Letter from the Editor: Musculoskeletal Facts
Whether you ׳ve recently finished or are a long way out from medical training you might benefit from a refresher on musculoskeletal (MSK) facts. Reviewing basic anatomical and functional details of the muscles and bones takes me back to my medical school days and reminds me of how the parts of the human body a re so intricately coordinated. My training and experience have allowed me to be able to “see” inside the body in a way most lay people cannot. Further, as a radiologist, I can see it in a way even other medical professionals don׳t. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - March 7, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Jannette Collins Source Type: research
Letter from the Editor: MSK Facts
Whether you ′ve recently finished or are a long way out from medical training you might benefit from a refresher on MSK facts. Reviewing basic anatomical and functional details of the muscles and bones takes me back to my medical school days and reminds me of how the parts of the human body are so intricately coordinated. My training and experience have allowed me to be able to “see” inside the body in a way most lay people cannot. And as a radiologist, I can see it in a way even other medical professionals don′t. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - March 6, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Jannette Collins Source Type: research
Uncommon Infections in the Breast
In addition to common breast infections and their mimics, less common infections affecting the breast may develop as the primary site of disease or as secondary sites in systemic infections, including tuberculosis and parasites. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - January 19, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Monica D. Agarwal, Shambhavi Venkataraman, Priscilla J. Slanetz Source Type: research
Pneumonia
continues to be a significant global health problem, remaining among the top ten causes of death globally and in the US,1 especially among elderly patients.2 The diagnosis of pneumonia relies mainly on clinical symptoms and imaging findings. Despite imaging studies playing an important role in early diagnosis, laboratory confirmation can be obtained in only 30 –70% of cases even after a full microbial battery is performed.3 Invasive procedures, such as bronchoscopy with lavage and biopsy, are limited to hospital-associated infections and immunocompromised patients. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - December 26, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: E. Franquet Source Type: research
