Blunt Cardiothoracic Trauma: Common Injuries and Diagnosis
Traumatic injuries are the leading cause of death for persons under the age of 44.1 Among causes of blunt traumatic injury motor vehicle accident remains the leading cause of death in the United States.1,2 Thoracic injury is the third most common cause of trauma, following head and extremity injuries. Thoracic traumatic injuries have a high morbidity and mortality and are associated with 25% of trauma-related deaths.2 Imaging plays an essential role in the evaluation of non-penetrating (blunt) trauma patients, as many fatal injuries may not be apparent on direct physical examination. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - February 6, 2018 Category: Radiology Authors: Nupur Verma, Charles S. White, Tan-Lucien Mohammed Source Type: research
Letter from the Editor: A Pixel in Time
The development of computed tomography (eg, “x-ray CT”) became a practical pursuit with the increasing power and availability of computers in the 1960s. In 1968, McFadden and Saraswat established guidelines for the diagnosis of a variety of common abdominal pathologies through CT scanning, including acute appendicitis, small bowel obstruc tion, Ogilvie syndrome, acute pancreatitis, intussusception, and apple peel atresia.1 (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - December 27, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Jannette Collins Source Type: research
Letter from the Editor: A Pixel in Time
The development of computed tomography (e.g., “x-ray CT”) became a practical pursuit with the increasing power and availability of computers in the 1960s. In 1968, McFadden and Saraswat established guidelines for the diagnosis of a variety of common abdominal pathologies through CT scanning, including acute appendicitis, small bowel obstruc tion, Ogilvie syndrome, acute pancreatitis, intussusception, and apple peel atresia.1 (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - December 27, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Jannette Collins Source Type: research
Case of the Season: Multinodular and Vacuolating Neuronal Tumor
A 19-year-old man with vague neurological complaints presented for imaging. He had noticed an exertional headache over the past 4-6 months. He also described neck pain that appeared to be related to exercise. He had never had a seizure and appeared otherwise well. There was no pertinent family or surgical history. Vital signs and basic laboratory analysis were unremarkable. On physical examination, there was a nonreproducible nystagmus in far lateral gaze. Physical examination, including neurological examination, was otherwise normal. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - November 20, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Remy Lobo, Ashok Srinivasan Source Type: research
Approach to Brain Neoplasms: What the Oncologist Wants to Know
The advent of magnetic resonance imaging has allowed for marked progress in our ability to noninvasively predict intracranial pathology. Medical imaging is now obtained before essentially any intracranial intervention is undertaken. Although computed tomography (CT) is frequently successful at providing the essential imaging data in the acute traumatic setting, magnetic resonance qimaging (MRI) is by far the most important imaging modality in the depiction of intracranial neoplasms and their mimics. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - November 20, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Colin D. McKnight, Cari L. Motuzas, Ashok Srinivasan Source Type: research
State of the Art Treatment and Surveillance Imaging of Glioblastomas
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant brain tumor in the United States and the world with about 15,000 and 210,000 new cases diagnosed each year, respectively.1 For the past decade, the standard treatment for GBM has been maximal surgical resection with adjuvant chemoradiation followed by ongoing temozolomide.2 Although the median overall survival has been improved incrementally with this regimen, the prognosis remains dismal and compels additional therapeutic options to combat this deadly and heterogeneous disease. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - November 20, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Stefan Margiewicz, Christine Cordova, Andrew S. Chi, Rajan Jain Source Type: research
Response Assessment in Treated Brain Tumors: The Fundamentals
Approximately 75,000 cancers of the brain and central nervous system are newly diagnosed each year in the United States.1 Gliomas are the most common type of primary brain tumor and these primary brain malignancies are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) into 4 different types (I-IV) depending on the grade or severity of these lesions.2 Glioblastoma (GBM), a grade IV malignancy, is the most common primary malignant brain tumor and represents up to 16% of all primary central nervous system neoplasms. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - November 20, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Mohamad Bazerbashi, Diana Gomez-Hassan Source Type: research
Current Clinical State of Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Brain Tumor Diagnosis and Follow Up
Imaging in neuro-oncology has changed substantially in the past decades. The ongoing development of advanced and sophisticated imaging techniques has allowed for evaluation of both the anatomy and physiology of tumors. In addition to structural and phenotypic assessment of a tumor, the use of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), perfusion-weighted imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows for assessment of the cellular, hemodynamic, metabolic, and functional status of the tumor. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - November 20, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Michael Iv, Byung C. Yoon, Jeremy J. Heit, Nancy Fischbein, Max Wintermark Source Type: research
Is It or Is It Not? Brain Tumor Mimics
The presence of a brain tumor, whether primary or secondary, is evaluated based on a number of factors like age, history, clinical presentation, location, enhancement characteristics, calcification, hemorrhage, and edema. However, nonneoplastic processes may exhibit a similar imaging appearance as intracranial neoplasms. Incorrect imaging interpretation may delay the patient ’s diagnosis and treatment. Infectious, inflammatory, demyelinating, or vascular processes may sometimes be mistaken for a brain tumor on imaging. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - November 20, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: John L. Go, Jay Acharya, Anandh G. Rajamohan Source Type: research
Pediatric Brain Tumors: A Different Ball Game
Over the past years, there has been further advancement in genetics and molecular understanding of brain tumors. Pediatric brain tumors have seen some of the most significant changes, additions, and restructuring in the latest World Health Organization classification (WHO). The major revision of tumor classification within the central nervous system (CNS) by the World Health Organization now has an integrated approach, using phenotypic and genotypic parameters.1 This restructuring uses molecular features to classify CNS tumors. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - November 20, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Aashim Bhatia, Sumit Pruthi Source Type: research
A Primer on Secondary Brain Neoplasms: The Essentials
Secondary intracranial brain neoplasms are defined as intra- and extra-axial lesions metastasizing from tumors outside the central nervous system (CNS). Secondary intracranial brain neoplasms are much more common than primary tumors, with rates ranging from 100,000-260,000 cases per year in the United States.1 According to the 2009-2013 Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, the overall incidence rate of all primary malignant and nonmalignant brain and other CNS tumors is an estimated 79,270 new cases expected in 2017 or 22.36 cases per 100,000/year (7.18 malignant and 15.18 for nonmalignant tumors). (Source: S...
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - November 20, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: John Kim, Michelle M. Kim, Leslie Jay Starkey Source Type: research
Case of the Season: Multinodular and Vacuolating Neuronal Tumor
A 19-year-old man with vague neurological complaints presented for imaging. He had noticed an exertional headache over the past 4-6 months. He also described neck pain that appeared to be related to exercise. He had never had a seizure and appeared otherwise well. There was no pertinent family or surgical history. Vital signs and basic laboratory analysis were unremarkable. On physical examination, there was a nonreproducible nystagmus in far lateral gaze. Physical examination, including neurological examination, was otherwise normal. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - November 20, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Remy Lobo, Ashok Srinivasan Source Type: research
Current Clinical State of Advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging for Brain Tumor Diagnosis and Follow Up
Imaging in neuro-oncology has changed substantially in the past decades. The ongoing development of advanced and sophisticated imaging techniques has allowed for evaluation of both the anatomy and physiology of tumors. In addition to structural and phenotypic assessment of a tumor, the use of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), perfusion-weighted imaging, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS), and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) allows for assessment of the cellular, hemodynamic, metabolic, and functional status of the tumor. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - November 20, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Michael Iv, Byung C. Yoon, Jeremy J. Heit, Nancy Fischbein, Max Wintermark Source Type: research
Case of the Season: Multinodular and Vacuolating Neuronal Tumor (MVNT)
A 19-year-old male with vague neurological complaints presented for imaging. He had noticed an exertional headache over the past 4 –6 months. He also described neck pain that appeared to be related to exercise. He had never had a seizure and appeared otherwise well. There was no pertinent family or surgical history. Vital signs and basic laboratory analysis were unremarkable. On physical exam, there was a non-reproducible nys tagmus in far lateral gaze. Physical exam, including neurological exam, was otherwise normal. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - November 20, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Remy Lobo, Ashok Srinivasan Source Type: research
Approach to Brain Neoplasms: What the Oncologist Wants to Know
The advent of magnetic resonance imaging has allowed for marked progress in our ability to noninvasively predict intracranial pathology. Medical imaging is now obtained before essentially any intracranial intervention is undertaken. While computed tomography (CT) is frequently successful at providing the essential imaging data in the acute traumatic setting, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is by far the most important imaging modality in the depiction of intracranial neoplasms and their mimics. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - November 20, 2017 Category: Radiology Authors: Colin McKnight, Cari L. Motuzas, Ashok Srinivasan Source Type: research
