Computed Tomography Imaging of Lung Infection in the Oncologic Setting: Typical Features and Potential Pitfalls
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a treatment used in a variety of diseases, including leukemia, lymphoma, aplastic anemia, multiple myeloma, congenital immune defects, and certain solid tumors. The use of HSCT has expanded rapidly over the last decade with more than 40,000 stem cell transplantations (SCTs) performed annually worldwide.1 This technique consists of the use of high-dose myelosuppressive chemotherapy or high-dose total body irradiation to achieve greater response rates, followed by replacement of the bone marrow elements after chemotherapy. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - February 2, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Myrna C.B. Godoy, Edith M. Marom, Brett W. Carter, James Sorensen, Mylene T. Truong, Gerald F. Abbott Source Type: research
Letter from the Guest Editor:
In this issue of Seminars in Roentgenology, we examine the potential pitfalls in thoracic and cardiovascular imaging. Awareness of the spectrum of artifacts and potential pitfalls is important in preventing misinterpretation that can alter patient management. From “blind spots” on chest radiography to pitfalls in positron emission tomography or computed tomography interpretation, this issue provides a comprehensive review of different imaging modalities and specifically addresses common errors in the evaluation of the pulmonary nodule, both solid and subsolid. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - February 2, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Mylene T. Truong Source Type: research
Letter from guest editor: Pitfalls in thoracic and cardiovascular imaging
In this issue of Seminars in Roentgenology, we examine the potential pitfalls in thoracic and cardiovascular imaging. Awareness of the spectrum of artifacts and potential pitfalls is important in preventing misinterpretation that can alter patient management. From “blind spots” on chest radiography to pitfalls in PET/CT interpretation, this issue provides a comprehensive review of different imaging modalities and specifically addresses common errors in the evaluation of the pulmonary nodule, both solid and subsolid. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - February 2, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Mylene T. Truong Source Type: research
Pitfalls in Oncologic Imaging: Complications of Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy in the Chest
Advances in cancer chemotherapy and radiation therapy continue to improve patients’ lives and impact patient care. Chemotherapy has progressed from cytotoxic agents to newer targeted agents that are geared to attack specific mutations in the cancer cell. The toxicities of these newer cytotoxic drugs and targeted agents have specific imaging appearances depending on the mechanism of action. Similarly, advances in radiation therapy allow for better delivery to the tumor, with less effect on normal adjacent structures. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - February 2, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Chitra Viswanathan, Brett W. Carter, Girish S. Shroff, Myrna C.B. Godoy, Edith M. Marom, Mylene T. Truong Source Type: research
CT imaging of lung infection in the oncologic setting: Typical features and potential pitfalls
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a widely used treatment indicated in a variety of malignant and non-malignant hematologic diseases, as well as metabolic and autoimmune conditions. Several infectious and noninfectious complications are commonly seen. Imaging, particularly CT, plays an important role in the diagnosis of life-threatening pulmonary infections and other non-infectious complications. In this article, we review the potential pitfalls in evaluating the most common complications at different phases following transplantation and their main CT findings, as well as their differential diagnosis. (Sour...
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - February 2, 2015 Category: Radiology Authors: Myrna C. Godoy, Edith M. Marom, Brett W. Carter, James Sorensen, Mylene T. Truong, Gerald F. Abbott Source Type: research
Screening for Coronary Heart Disease in Asymptomatic Patients Using Multidetector Computed Tomography: Calcium Scoring and Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography
Atherosclerosis is an immune-inflammatory process with lipid and fibrous accumulation within the intimal layer of medium-sized and large arteries, resulting in plaque deposition. In the coronary arteries, most plaques remain silent; but some become obstructive, resulting in a coronary event.1 “Hard” coronary events include unstable angina, myocardial infarction (MI), and sudden death, which are also regarded as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). “Soft” coronary events are considered minor adverse events, such as stable angina, revascularization, or percutaneous catheter insertion. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 30, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Diana Palacio, Sonia Betancourt, Gregory W. Gladish Source Type: research
Letter From Guest Editor: Radiologic Screening
In this issue of Seminars in Roentgenology, we examine the use of imaging studies to screen individuals who are asymptomatic to detect disease before it is clinically evident. The ethics of offering screening to asymptomatic individuals are different from the ethics of evaluating and treating symptomatic patients. The oath of physicians, “primum non nocere” or “first, do no harm” is an important consideration when performing and evaluating screening tests. The operational details of screening studies are complex including strategies to define who should be screened, the screening test to be used, as well as when an...
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 30, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Mylene T. Truong Source Type: research
Screening for Coronary Heart Disease In Asymptomatic Patients with Multidetector CT: Calcium Scoring and Coronary CT Angiography
Atherosclerosis is an immune-inflammatory process with lipid and fibrous accumulation within the intimal layer of medium-sized and large arteries resulting in plaque deposition. In the coronary arteries, most plaques remain silent; but some become obstructive, resulting in a coronary event [1]. “Hard” coronary events include unstable angina, myocardial infarction (MI) and sudden death, which are also regarded as acute coronary syndrome (ACS). “Soft” coronary events are considered minor adverse events, such as stable angina, revascularization or percutaneous catheter insertion (PCI) [2,3] (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 30, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Diana Palacio, Sonia Betancourt, Gregory W. Gladish Source Type: research
Letter from Guest Editor
In this issue of Seminars in Roentgenology, we examine the use of imaging studies to screen individuals who are asymptomatic to detect disease before it is clinically evident. The ethics of offering screening to asymptomatic individuals are different from the ethics of evaluating and treating symptomatic patients. The oath of physicians, "primum non nocere" or "first, do no harm" is an important consideration when performing and evaluating screening tests. The operational details of screening studies are complex including strategies to define who should be screened, the screening test to be used, as well as when and how of...
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 30, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Pablo R. Ros Source Type: research
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) currently ranks as the 15th leading cause of death in the US. Most patients with AAA are asymptomatic until rupture. Elective AAA repair is the most effective therapy to prevent death from aortic rupture. In this review, we discuss the rationale and examine the role of ultrasound screening to detect AAA in the population. We conclude that ultrasound screening reduces the death rate caused by AAA rupture, particularly, in at-risk men and women 65-75 years of age who have smoked tobacco or have family history. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 22, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Alexis D. Hall, Patti Barkley, Karen Broadbent, Tam T.T. Huynh Source Type: research
Breast cancer screening: meeting the challenges of today and exploring the technologies of tomorrow
Breast cancer is the second leading cause of cancer death in women in the United States, second to lung cancer.1 In 2014, it is estimated that 232,670 new cases of invasive breast cancer will be diagnosed in women and 40,000 women will die of breast cancer.1 Although there was a nearly 7% decrease in the breast cancer incidence rate from 2002 to 2003, attributed to decreased use of combined estrogen-progestin hormone therapy for menopause, incidence rates of invasive and in situ breast cancer were stable from 2006 to 2010. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 22, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Monica L. Huang, Stephen Rose, Wei T. Yang Source Type: research
Screening for Carotid Artery Stenosis
Stroke remains the leading cause of permanent disability. Embolic stroke due to severe carotid artery stenosis can be preventable. In this article, we review the management of carotid artery stenosis and examine the role of carotid artery screening in primary and secondary stroke prevention. Carotid duplex ultrasonography is the screening test of choice for the detection of carotid artery stenosis in asymptomatic patients at risk for atherosclerosis. Screening to detect carotid artery stenosis is currently not recommended for asymptomatic patients who do not have risk factors. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 22, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Tam T.T. Huynh, Karen Broadbent, Alexis D. Hall, Sorensen James, Jeremy J. Erasmus Source Type: research
Case of the Season: Management of the Subsolid Pulmonary Nodule
Solitary pulmonary nodules, both solid and subsolid, are detected with increasing frequency due to the widespread use of multidetector computed tomography. Knowledge gleaned from lung cancer CT screening trials have contributed to the recent release of guidelines for the management of pulmonary nodules, solid and subsolid, by the Fleischner Society, the National Comprehensive Cancer Network and the American College of Chest Physicians. In terms of nodule attenuation, a solid nodule completely obscures the lung parenchyma and represents a rounded opacity, well or poorly defined, measuring up to 3cm in diameter1. (Source: Se...
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 22, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Ana Paula A. Benveniste, Myrna C.B. Godoy, Mylene T. Truong, Chitra Viswanathan, Marcelo F. Benveniste Source Type: research
Colorectal Cancer Screening
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is well-suited to screening. It is a common disease, affecting approximately 1 in 20 adults in the USA and Europe, ultimately proving fatal in almost 50% of cases. Symptoms are frequently non-specific, and are often common (e.g. change in bowel habit, abdominal pain), leading many patients to ignore the condition until a relatively late (and hence incurable) stage. As for most cancers, prognosis is strongly related to disease stage at presentation, with early tumors (confined to the bowel wall) having nearly 95% 5-year survival compared to less than 50% if there is nodal involvement 1. (Source: Semi...
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 22, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Andrew A. Plumb, Steve Halligan Source Type: research
Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening
Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) currently ranks as the 15th leading cause of death in the US. Most patients with AAA are asymptomatic until rupture. Elective AAA repair is the most effective therapy to prevent death from aortic rupture. In this review, we discuss the rationale and examine the role of ultrasound screening to detect AAA in the population. We conclude that ultrasound screening reduces the death rate caused by AAA rupture, particularly, in at-risk men and women 65-75 years of age who have smoked tobacco or have family history. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - October 22, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Alexis D. Hall, Patti Barkley, Karen Broadbent, Tam T.T. Huynh Source Type: research
