Imaging Protocols for Trauma Patients: Trauma Series, eFAST, Selective and Whole-body Computed Tomography
Advances in medical imaging technology have resulted in a wider variety of options for the imaging of patients in the acute trauma setting. The role of the trauma radiologist is no longer limited purely to image interpretation. Advances in multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and ultrasonography (US) have brought the radiologist to the patient's bedside. The advantages of this are numerous, however the variety of modalities leads to challenges in selecting the right study, for the right patient, at the right time. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - February 8, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Michael O’Keeffe, Sheldon Clark, Faisal Khosa, Mohammed F. Mohammed, Patrick D. McLaughlin, Savvas Nicolaou Source Type: research
Imaging Protocols for Trauma Patients: Trauma Series, Extended Focused Assessment With Sonography for Trauma, and Selective and Whole-body Computed Tomography
Advances in medical imaging technology have resulted in a wider variety of options for the imaging of patients in the acute trauma setting. The role of the trauma radiologist is no longer limited purely to image interpretation. Advances in multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and ultrasonography have brought the radiologist to the patient ׳s bedside. The advantages of this are numerous, however, the variety of modalities leads to challenges in selecting the right study, for the right patient, at the right time. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - February 7, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Michael O ׳Keeffe, Sheldon Clark, Faisal Khosa, Mohammed F. Mohammed, Patrick D. McLaughlin, Savvas Nicolaou Source Type: research
Mixed Transitional Liver Cell Tumor in a 23-Year-Old Female: A Case Report
Hepatoblastoma (HB) is the most common hepatic malignancy in children with the majority of cases arising before the age of 3.1 Pediatric patients typically present with increased abdominal girth or a palpable upper abdominal mass. Imaging reveals hepatomegaly due to an encapsulated, solitary liver mass without evidence of underlying liver disease. Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is often significantly elevated and acts both a diagnostic marker as well as a tool to monitor therapeutic response to treatment. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - February 5, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Audrey E. Ertel, Baojin Fu, Shimul A. Shah Source Type: research
Overestimating the Risk of Intravenous Contrast Medium-Induced Nephropathy: A Pitfall in Imaging the Genitourinary System
The overestimation of overall risk and consequences of intravenous contrast media-induced nephropathy has perpetuated an unwarranted avoidance of contrast-enhanced studies with consequent reduction in effectiveness of management of a number of genitourinary diseases. Properly assessing the risk of contrast nephropathy and avoiding this common imaging pitfall is critical in avoiding or misdiagnosing otherwise treatable genitourinary pathology. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - February 5, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Lyndon Luk, Jeffrey H. Newhouse Source Type: research
Trans-Arterial Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may include one or more surgical, locoregional or medical approaches (Table 1). Liver transplantation is the most likely to provide long-term survival and cure for hepatocellular carcinoma (see article in this issue, Surgical Approach to HCC and Liver Tumors, Dr. Shah). Thermal ablation (RFA and MWA) is most effective when tumor diameter is (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - February 5, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Abouelmagd Makramalla, Ross L. Ristagno Source Type: research
Mixed Transitional Liver Cell Tumor in a 23 y/o Female: A Case Report
Malignant tumors of the liver are rare in children. The two most commonly encountered types are hepatoblastoma (HB) and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Adult cases of HB are rare and controversy exists as to if these cases are simply misdiagnosed hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Transitional liver cell tumors (TLCT) is a third, exceedingly rare class of hepatic malignancy found in adolescents and young adults that shares features of HB and HCC in presentation however cannot be pathologically classified as either. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - February 5, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Audrey E. Ertel, Baojin Fu, Shimul A. Shah Source Type: research
Transarterial Therapies for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) may include 1 or more surgical, locoregional or medical approaches (Table). Liver transplantation is the most likely to provide long-term survival and cure for HCC.1 Thermal ablation (radiofrequency ablation and microwave ablation) is most effective when tumor diameter is ≤3cm, although its efficacy and safety are occasionally limited by the anatomical location of the lesion. Most cases of HCC present at an advanced stage and are not amenable to liver transplantation, surgical resection or thermal ablation. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - February 4, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Abouelmagd Makramalla, Jason N. Itri, Kyuran Ann Choe, Ross L. Ristagno Source Type: research
Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided High–Dose Rate Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer
Cervical cancer represents 0.8% of all new cancer cases and in 2012 there was an estimated 249,512 women living with cervical cancer in the United States.1 Concurrent chemoradiation followed by brachytherapy represents the standard of care in patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage IB2 to IVA tumors (tumors larger than 4cm or with parametrial involvement). During the first phase of treatment, patients receive external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) to the pelvis specifically targeting the cervix, uterus, and regional lymphatics. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - February 2, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Teresa Meier, Jordan Kharofa Source Type: research
Knowing Your Boundaries: A Review of the Definitions and Imaging Features of Borderline Resectable Pancreatic Carcinoma
Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States and has the lowest survival rate of any solid malignancy.1 Additionally, it is one of the few cancers with an increasing incidence over the past decade.2 Due to the tumor’s insidious onset and aggressive biology, tumors often present at an advanced stage. Margin-negative tumor resection is the only curative technique, but only 15-20% of patients have potentially resectable disease at the time of presentation. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - February 2, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Nicholas McDonald, Syed Ahmad, K. Ann Choe Source Type: research
Clinical Considerations for Pancreatic Cancer
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) is the most common pancreatic malignancy comprising approximately 85% of cases. In 2015, it is estimated that 48,960 patients will be diagnosed with PDA, with a staggering 40,560 deaths.1 The closely matched incidence and mortality rate illustrates the aggressive nature of the disease, which is worsened by an often delayed diagnosis. Although the mean survival for patients diagnosed with PDA is 4-6 months, for the 10-20% of patients who are operative candidates at the time of diagnosis, the mean survival has been reported as 14-20 months. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - February 2, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Brent T. Xia, Syed A. Ahmad Source Type: research
“MRI-Guided High Dose Rate Brachytherapy for Cervical Cancer”
Cervical cancer represents 0.8% of all new cancer cases and in 2012 there was an estimated 249,512 women living with cervical cancer in the United States.1 Concurrent chemoradiation followed by brachytherapy represents the standard of care in patients with FIGO stage IB2 to IVA tumors (tumors larger than 4cm or with parametrial involvement). During the first phase of treatment, patients receive external beam radiotherapy (EBRT) to the pelvis specifically targeting the cervix, uterus, and regional lymphatics. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - February 2, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Teresa Meier, Jordan Kharofa Source Type: research
Surgical Approaches to Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary hepatic malignancy, the sixth most prevalent cancer and, the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. In the United States, cancer of the liver and intrahepatic bile ducts was responsible for an estimated 23,000 deaths in the year 2014 alone.1 However, recent decades have shown significant increases in North America, likely due to the increased prevalence of chronic hepatitis infections (viral hepatitis B & C), alcoholic steatohepatitis, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)2. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - February 2, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Audrey E. Ertel, Shimul A. Shah Source Type: research
Cross-Sectional Imaging of Renal Masses: Image Interpretation–Related Potential Pitfalls and Possible Solutions
After identifying and correcting pitfalls related to image acquisition, radiologists should focus their attention on the potential errors that can occur during image interpretation. Among them, the first and most important one is inappropriate characterization of a focus of normal renal tissue, congenital variant, or a benign infectious or inflammatory condition as a renal neoplasm on imaging studies.1 Secondly, identification of fat within a solid renal mass can create problems in distinguishing benign angiomyolipoma (AML) from malignant entities such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and liposarcoma. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - January 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Venkata S. Katabathina, Jay Shiao, Erin Flaherty, Srinivasa R. Prasad Source Type: research
Cross-Sectional Imaging of Renal Masses: Image Interpretation Related Potential Pitfalls and Possible Solutions
After identifying and correcting pitfalls related to image acquisition, radiologists should focus their attention on the potential errors that can occur during image interpretation. Among them, the first and most important one is inappropriate characterization of a focus of normal renal tissue, congenital variant, or a benign infectious / inflammatory condition as a renal neoplasm on imaging studies.1 Secondly, identification of fat within a solid renal mass can create problems in distinguishing benign angiomyolipoma (AML) from malignant entities such as renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and liposarcoma. (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - January 22, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Venkata S. Katabathina, Jay Shiao, Erin Flaherty, Srinivasa R. Prasad Source Type: research
Imaging of Spine Trauma
Approximately 3 million patients are evaluated annually for spinal trauma in the United States. Although there is a low incidence of vertebral fracture and spinal cord injury, the consequences of a missed spine injury are devastating. Imaging findings of spinal trauma may be subtle and missed injuries are associated with an increased incidence of neurologic damage.1 (Source: Seminars in Roentgenology)
Source: Seminars in Roentgenology - January 21, 2016 Category: Radiology Authors: Bari Dane, Mark P. Bernstein Source Type: research
