I-131 Metaiodobenzylguanidine Therapy of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma
Pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas are rare tumors arising from chromaffin cells. Available therapeutic modalities consist of chemotherapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and I-131 metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG). I-131 MIBG is taken up via specific receptors and localizes into many but not all pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas. Because these tumors are rare, most therapy studies are retrospective presentations of clinical experience. Numerous retrospective studies and a few prospective studies have shown favorable responses in this disease, including symptomatic, biochemical, and objective responses. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - April 9, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Jorge A. Carrasquillo, Neeta Pandit-Taskar, Clara C. Chen Source Type: research
131I-Metaiodobenzylguanidine Theranostics in Neuroblastoma: Historical Perspectives; Practical Applications
Much efficacy is gained in clinical practice if a single agent can be used for both diagnosis and therapy, a practice termed theranostics. Metaiodobenzylguanidine (mIBG), a norepinephrine analogue with high sensitivity and specificity for neuroblastoma, is an exemplar of theranostics. The physiologic biodistribution of mIBG, with absence of uptake in bone and bone marrow, allows ready detection not only of primary soft tissue tumors but also of disease in bone and marrow, the two most common sites of metastases in those with neuroblastoma. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - April 9, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Marguerite T. Parisi, Hedieh Eslamy, Julie R. Park, Barry L. Shulkin, Gregory A. Yanik Source Type: research
Letter From the Editors
It is interesting to note that more than 50% of the combined numbers of articles in this two-part Seminar on Therapy were written by authors outside of the United States. In the earlier days of Nuclear Medicine, the United States was the clear leader in both clinical practice and research involving radionuclide methodology. In the past 15-20 years, we have witnessed a reversal of this practice as burgeoning research in Europe, Asia and Australia has now surpassed the U.S. Cutbacks in federal funding of research in the United States as well as a significant decrease in the number of physicians being trained in Nuclear Medic...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - April 9, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Leonard M. Freeman, M. Donald Blaufox Source Type: research
Letter from the Guest Editor: Arsenal Continued
In this issue of Seminars in Nuclear Medicine, therapy of neuroendocrine malignancies is explored via the norepinephrine and somatostatin pathways. Parisi et al1 describe the use of 131I-mIBG with high-dose chemotherapy followed by autologous stem cell transplant in the New Approaches to Neuroblastoma Therapy consortium trial. Lower norepinephrine transporter expression is seen in MYCN amplified high-risk tumors, and methods to augment transporter expression and use of radiosensitizing agents are discussed. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - April 9, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Renee M. Moadel Source Type: research
Radioimmunotherapy for Prostate Cancer—Current Status and Future Possibilities
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. In the United States, it is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer after skin cancer, and in Europe it is number one. According to the American Cancer Society, approximately 221,000 men in the United States would be diagnosed with PCa during 2015, and approximately 28,000 would die of the disease. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, approximately 345,000 men were diagnosed with PCa in Europe during 2012, and despite more emphasis placed on early detection through...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - March 1, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Susan Evans-Axelsson, Oskar Vilhelmsson Timmermand, Anders Bjartell, Sven-Erik Strand, Jörgen Elgqvist Source Type: research
Radioimmunotherapy for Prostate CancerCurrent Status and Future Possibilities
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men and is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the USA. In the United States, it is the second most frequently diagnosed cancer after skin cancer, and in Europe it is number one. According to the American Cancer Society, approximately 221,000 men in the United States would be diagnosed with PCa during 2015, and approximately 28,000 would die of the disease. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, approximately 345,000 men were diagnosed with PCa in Europe during 2012, and despite more emphasis placed on early detection through...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - February 19, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Susan Evans-Axelsson, Oskar Vilhelmsson Timmermand, Anders Bjartell, Sven-Erik Strand, Jörgen Elgqvist Source Type: research
Management of Differentiated Thyroid Cancer in Children: Focus on the American Thyroid Association Pediatric Guidelines
First introduced in 1946, radioactive iodine (I-131) produces short-range beta radiation with a half-life of 8 days. The physical properties of I-131 combined with the high degree of uptake in the differentiated thyroid cancers (DTCs) led to the use of I-131 as a therapeutic agent for DTC in adults. There are two indications for the potential use of I-131 therapy in pediatric thyroid disorders: nonsurgical treatment of hyperthyroidism owing to Graves’ disease and the treatment of children with intermediate- and high-risk DTC. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - February 19, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Marguerite T. Parisi, Hedieh Eslamy, David Mankoff Source Type: research
Radioimmunotherapy for Treatment of Acute Leukemia
Acute leukemias are characterized by accumulation of immature cells (blasts) and reduced production of healthy hematopoietic elements. According to the lineage origin, two major leukemias can be distinguished: acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL). Although the survival rate for pediatric ALL is close to 90%, half of the young adults with AML or ALL and approximately 90% of older patients with AML or ALL still die of their disease, raising the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - February 19, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Caroline Bodet-Milin, Françoise Kraeber-Bodéré, Thomas Eugène, François Guérard, Joëlle Gaschet, Clément Bailly, Marie Mougin, Mickaël Bourgeois, Alain Faivre-Chauvet, Michel Chérel, Patrice Chevallier Source Type: research
Y-90 Radiomicrosphere Therapy for Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases
At present, the systemic treatment of unresectable colorectal cancer liver metastases involves oxaliplatin and irinotecan–based chemotherapy regimens combined with targeted therapies such as bevacizumab (Avastin) and cetuximab (Erbitux). Radiation therapy, traditionally, is not considered a viable treatment modality owing to its unacceptably high hepatic toxicity, and still steering traditional wisdom or dogma that chemoradiation cannot be an oncological strategy for a stage IV disease. Selective internal radiation treatment with yttrium-90 (Y-90) radiomicrospheres has emerged as an effective liver-directed therapy with ...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - February 19, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Seza A. Gulec Source Type: research
Radioimmunotherapy and Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation in the Treatment of B-Cell Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
High-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem-cell transplantation (ASCT) is the standard therapy for patients with chemosensitive-relapsed or chemosensitive-refractory aggressive lymphoma. The use of rituximab, an anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, has dramatically changed the outcome of patients with aggressive lymphoma, increasing both response and survival rates. However, despite this progress a significant proportion of patients are still refractory or relapse after frontline rituximab-containing therapy. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - February 19, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Avichai Shimoni, Shifra Tzila Zwas Source Type: research
Novel Approaches to Thyroid Cancer Treatment and Response Assessment
The incidence of thyroid cancer has been increasing. After total thyroidectomy of well-differentiated thyroid tumors with intermediate- or high-risk features on pathology, radioiodine remains one of the mainstays of therapy for both thyroid remnant ablation as well as for treatment of metastatic disease. SPECT/CT, a relatively new modality, has been shown to play a pivotal role predominantly in the post-therapy setting by changing the risk stratification of patients with thyroid cancer. In the case of radioiodine treatment failure, FDG-PET/CT may provide prognostic information based on extent and intensity of metabolically...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - February 19, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Ravinder K. Grewal, Alan Ho, Heiko Schöder Source Type: research
Yttrium-90 Radioembolization for Hepatocellular Carcinoma
90Y radioembolization refers to the selective, transcatheter, and intra-arterial injection of micrometer-sized particles loaded with the radioisotope yttrium-90 for the treatment of primary and metastatic hepatic malignancies. In the treatment of intermediate- and advanced-stage hepatocellular carcinoma, 90Y radioembolization provides favorable outcomes with minimal side effects, offering an alternative treatment option to other transarterial therapies, such as bland embolization and chemoembolization. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - February 19, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Ryan M. Hickey, Robert J. Lewandowski, Riad Salem Source Type: research
Treatment of Metastatic Bone Disease and the Emerging Role of Radium-223
Bone metastases are common in advanced malignancy and, despite the developments in both anticancer and bone-targeted therapies in recent years, new therapeutic strategies are still needed. Traditionally, radioisotopes have been rarely used in part owing to concerns about bone marrow toxicity that limits retreatment and may prevent safe administration of subsequent chemotherapy. Radium-223 dichloride (Ra-223) is a calcium mimetic that binds preferentially to newly formed bone in areas of bone metastases, is the first alpha-emitting radionuclide to be developed for clinical use, and is approved for treatment of castration-re...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - February 19, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Robert Coleman Source Type: research
Letter From the Editors
These two issues of the Seminars present an update on some of the established oncologic therapies that we have used for many years as well as presenting state-of-the-art discussions on several newer, innovative techniques. It is of particular interest for these editors, to note that the first clinical use of radionuclides for therapy was more than 70 years ago at our home institution—Montefiore Medical Center. Dr Sam Seidlin, an endocrinologist here in the late 1930s and 1940s was the first to successfully treat a patient with metastatic thyroid cancer with radioiodine. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - February 19, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Leonard M. Freeman, M. Donald Blaufox Source Type: research
Letter From the Guest Editor
The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Countries life expectancy varies from 79-83; after circulatory disease, cancer is the second leading cause of mortality accounting for 25%-30% of deaths, and a variety of therapeutic modalities have had major effects on survival. Chemotherapeutic agents such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors and checkpoint inhibitors extend life in cancers with previously dismal prognoses. Radiation oncology techniques have improved to the extent where high tumor doses can be attained while minimizing surrounding tissue exposure. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - February 19, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Renee M. Moadel Source Type: research
