Letter From the Editors
Imaging of the skeletal system has long been an area of great interest to nuclear medicine practitioners. The January 1972 issue of Seminars in Nuclear Medicine (Vol. 2, No. 1) was devoted to this subject.1 The popular agent, strontium-85 chloride, had a high 512-KeV gamma photon, which made it a good fit for the rectilinear scanner, with its thick 2-in sodium iodide crystal providing optimal interaction. However, its long half-life of 64.8 days limited the diagnostic dose to 100µCi and allowed its use only in malignant or suspect malignant disease. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - December 2, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Leonard M. Freeman, M. Donald Blaufox Source Type: research
Guest Editorial: Skeletal Nuclear Medicine
This issue of the Seminars of Nuclear Medicine is devoted to the role of nuclear medicine in the diagnosis, management, and therapy of a variety of skeletal diseases. The scope of the articles represents a microcosm of the evolution of nuclear medicine. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - December 2, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Stanley J. Goldsmith, Jasna Mihailovic Source Type: research
Effect of AIDS on Women Who Have Sex-Determined Health Issues
Worldwide, women account for a growing percentage of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)–infected patients and more than half of all HIV infections. For many years, morphologic imaging methods were the main approaches employed to investigate HIV and its complications. However, during the past decade, advancements in PET and SPECT imaging technologies opened new possibilities for improved understanding of the pathophysiological processes in HIV. Diagnosis of early HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) is important, as many of its symptoms can be caused by other conditions common to people with HIV/AIDS. (Source: S...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 25, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Mike Sathekge, Alex Maes, Christophe Van de Wiele, Ekaterina Dadachova Source Type: research
The Role of Nuclear Cardiology in the Diagnosis and Risk Stratification of Women With Ischemic Heart Disease
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is the leading cause of death in women. Women present with coronary artery disease later in life than men, with greater number of risk factors and higher rate of angina. Women have higher mortality compared with age-matched men despite having less anatomical coronary artery disease. Distinct pathophysiologies are thought to account for sex-related differences in the presentation and prognosis of IHD. More women than men have chest pain secondary to coronary reactivity, microvascular dysfunction, and plaque erosion with distal microembolization. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 25, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Fabio P. Esteves, Mark I. Travin Source Type: research
Radiation Dose Concerns for the Pregnant or Lactating Patient
This article discusses issues regarding administration of radiopharmaceuticals to pregnant women or nursing mothers. Uncertainties in calculated dose estimates and possible biological effects on the unborn child are presented. Models and dose estimates for pregnant women at several stages of gestation are given; the radionuclide of highest concern is 131I-NaI due to its affinity for the fetal thyroid and the potentially high fetal thyroid doses. The article also reviews the extant literature regarding the expression of radiopharmaceuticals in breast milk, and suggested time periods for interruption of breast feeding after ...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 25, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Michael G. Stabin Source Type: research
Nuclear Medicine Imaging and Therapy: Gender Biases in Disease
Gender-based medicine is medical research and care conducted with conscious consideration of the sex and gender differences of subjects and patients. This issue of Seminars is focused on diseases for which nuclear medicine is part of routine management and for which the diseases have sex- or gender-based differences that affect incidence or pathophysiology and that thus have differences that can potentially affect the results of the relevant nuclear medicine studies. In this first article, we discuss neurologic diseases, certain gastrointestinal conditions, and thyroid conditions. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 25, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Valeria M. Moncayo, John N. Aarsvold, Naomi P. Alazraki Source Type: research
Gynecologic Oncologic Imaging With PET/CT
FDG-PET/CT has been evaluated in a variety of gynecologic malignancies in a variety of settings and is approved by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services for the initial and subsequent treatment strategies of these malignancies. Cervical cancer is typically very FDG avid, and FDG-PET/CT appears to be most valuable for initial staging, radiation therapy planning, and detection of recurrent disease. For ovarian cancer, the most value of FDG-PET/CT appears to be for detecting recurrent disease in the setting of rising CA-125 level and negative or equivocal anatomical imaging studies. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 25, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Paul Grant, Christopher Sakellis, Heather A. Jacene Source Type: research
Osteoporosis
Osteoporotic fractures are common and result in extensive morbidity and mortality. It is possible to decrease the risk of fracture in postmenopausal, male, and glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis with appropriate screening and treatment. The assessment of fracture risk, for which bone densitometry is only 1 component, should be the main focus of patient evaluation. Epidemiologically derived risk-assessment tools such as World Health Organization Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) provide physicians with a way to determine the 10-year risk of osteoporotic fracture and effectively choose candidates for therapy. (Source: Se...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 25, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Mark S. Nanes, Caleb B. Kallen Source Type: research
Gender-Based Differences in Pediatric Nuclear Medicine
Gender-based differences commonly encountered in pediatric nuclear medicine reflect both basic embryologic differences of the sexes, which are evident from infancy, and evolving physiological changes due to gender, which occur as the pediatric patient grows, undergoes puberty, and matures to adulthood. It is important for a nuclear medicine physician or radiologist to know both the gender and the age of a patient when interpreting her or his studies. It is also important that the reading physician be familiar with the normally evolving physiological changes that are specific for that patient’s stage of development. (Sour...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 25, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Adina L. Alazraki, Kiery A. Braithwaite Source Type: research
Guest Editorial
Women׳s health and women׳s imaging are becoming well-established areas of medical practice and research. There is an organization within the National Institutes of Health, the National Institutes of Health Office of Research on Women׳s Health, which is concerned with research related to a variety of conditions that affect primarily or exclusively women. These conditions include breast cancer, heart disease in women, menopause, pregnancy, reproductive hazards, sexual problems in women, gynecologic diseases, osteoporosis, and others. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 25, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Naomi P. Alazraki, John N. Aarsvold Source Type: research
Letter From the Editors
Autopian view of modern humans is that they are all created equal. This is surely one of the most important concepts ever introduced into our cultural and social fabric. But we must keep in mind exactly that. This is a political statement that is spelled out in the Constitution of the United States and many other documents throughout the world. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 25, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: M. Donald Blaufox, Leonard Freeman Source Type: research
Table of Contents
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Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 25, 2014 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Author Index
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Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 25, 2014 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Subject Index
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Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 25, 2014 Category: Radiology Source Type: research
Noninvasive Imaging in Coronary Artery Disease
Noninvasive cardiac imaging is widely used to evaluate the presence of coronary artery disease. Recently, with improvements in imaging technology, noninvasive imaging has also been used for evaluation of the presence, severity, and prognosis of coronary artery disease. Coronary CT angiography and MRI of coronary arteries provide an anatomical assessment of coronary stenosis, whereas the hemodynamic significance of a coronary artery stenosis can be assessed by stress myocardial perfusion imaging, such as SPECT/PET and stress MRI. For appropriate use of multiple imaging modalities, the strengths and limitations of each modal...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - September 1, 2014 Category: Radiology Authors: Ran Heo, Ryo Nakazato, Dan Kalra, James K. Min Source Type: research
