Molecular Imaging of Extrapyramidal Movement Disorders
Extrapyramidal movement disorders including Parkinson disease, multiple systems atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and corticobasal degeneration are neurodegenerative syndromes with distinct neuropathological changes, indicating differing underlying etiologies. Clinical features that may distinguish among these conditions are often absent, particularly early after the onset of symptoms. Therapy is presently limited, and there are no established disease-modifying or neuroprotective interventions. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 16, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Kirk A. Frey Source Type: research
Presurgical Focus Localization in Epilepsy: PET and SPECT
Positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) can be used to assist localization of seizure foci in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Both should be interpreted in the context of clinical, electrographic, and magnetic resonance imaging data. PET has wider research applications, particularity when used with ligands for neurotransmitter receptors or inflammatory processes. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 16, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: William H. Theodore Source Type: research
Recent Developments in Molecular Brain Imaging of Neuropsychiatric Disorders
Molecular imaging with PET or SPECT has been an important research tool in psychiatry for as long as these modalities have been available. Here, we discuss two areas of neuroimaging relevant to current psychiatry research. The first is the use of imaging to study neurotransmission. We discuss the use of pharmacologic probes to induce changes in levels of neurotransmitters that can be inferred through their effects on outcome measures of imaging experiments, from their historical origins focusing on dopamine transmission through recent developments involving serotonin, GABA, and glutamate. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 12, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Mark Slifstein, Anissa Abi-Dargham Source Type: research
Blunted Dopamine Transmission in Addiction: Potential Mechanisms and Implications for Behavior
Positron emission tomography (PET) imaging consistently shows blunted striatal dopamine release and decreased dopamine D2 receptor availability in addiction. Here, we review the preclinical and clinical studies indicating that this neurobiological phenotype is likely to be both a consequence of chronic drug consumption and a vulnerability factor in the development of addiction. We propose that, behaviorally, blunted striatal dopamine transmission could reflect the increased impulsivity and altered cost/benefit computations that are associated with addiction. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 12, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Pierre Trifilieff, Fabien Ducrocq, Suzanne van der Veldt, Diana Martinez Source Type: research
A β-amyloid and Tau Imaging in Dementia
The introduction of in vivo imaging of A β-amyloid (Αβ) pathology more than a decade ago, transformed the assessment of Alzheimer disease (AD) allowing the evaluation of Aβ deposition over time by providing highly accurate, reliable, and reproducible quantitative statements of regional or global Aβ burden in the brain to the extent th at Aβ imaging has already been approved for clinical use and is being used for both patient recruitment and outcome measure in current anti-Αβ therapeutic trials. Aβ imaging studies have deepened our insight into Aβ deposition, showing that Aβ accumulation is a slow and protracted ...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - October 12, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Victor L. Villemagne, Vincent Dor é, Pierrick Bourgeat, Samantha C. Burnham, Simon Laws, Olivier Salvado, Colin L. Masters, Christopher C. Rowe Source Type: research
Brain Tumors: An Update on Clinical PET Research in Gliomas
A previous review published in 2012 demonstrated the role of clinical PET for diagnosis and management of brain tumors using mainly FDG, amino acid tracers, and 18F-fluorothymidine. This review provides an update on clinical PET studies, most of which are motivated by prediction of prognosis and planning and monitoring of therapy in gliomas. For FDG, there has been additional evidence supporting late scanning, and combination with 13N ammonia has yielded some promising results. Large neutral amino acid tracers have found widespread applications mostly based on 18F-labeled compounds fluoroethyltyrosine and fluorodopa for ta...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - September 25, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Karl Herholz Source Type: research
Radium-223 Therapy of Bone Metastases in Prostate Cancer
Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer frequently metastasizes to the bone, often resulting in painful skeletal events, reduced quality of life, and reduced survival. Radium-223 is a first-in-class alpha-emitting radiopharmaceutical that has proven to prolong overall survival, delay time to symptomatic skeletal events, and improve quality of life in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and symptomatic bone metastases and no visceral metastases. Radium-223 provides survival benefit to patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer and symptomatic bone metastases, regardless of prior docetaxel use....
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - September 14, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Sten Nilsson Source Type: research
18F-NaF-PET/CT and 99mTc-MDP Bone Scintigraphy in the Detection of Bone Metastases in Prostate Cancer
99mTc-MDP whole-body bone scintigraphy is a highly sensitive imaging method that has been used for decades to evaluate prostate cancer bone metastasis based on its availability and low cost; however, because of accumulation of this radiotracer in degenerative, traumatic, and inflammatory lesions, it suffers from noncomparable specificity. The modality is also used to monitor response to therapy and to predict patients ’ prognosis. As planar imaging may not give enough information for lesion detection or anatomical localization, it can be supplemented with SPECT to increase image contrast particularly in the evaluation of...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - September 12, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Werner Langsteger, Alireza Rezaee, Christian Pirich, Mohsen Beheshti Source Type: research
PET Tracers Beyond FDG in Prostate Cancer
Conventional anatomical imaging with CT and MRI has limitations in the evaluation of prostate cancer. PET is a powerful imaging technique, which can be directed toward molecular targets as diverse as glucose metabolism, density of prostate-specific membrane antigen receptors, and skeletal osteoblastic activity. Although 2-deoxy-2-18F-FDG-PET is the mainstay of molecular imaging, FDG has limitations in typically indolent prostate cancer. Yet, there are many useful and emerging PET tracers beyond FDG, which provide added value. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - September 6, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: David M. Schuster, Cristina Nanni, Stefano Fanti Source Type: research
CT Tracers Beyond FDG in Prostate Cancer
Conventional anatomical imaging with CT and MRI has limitations in the evaluation of prostate cancer. PET is a powerful imaging technique, which can be directed toward molecular targets as diverse as glucose metabolism, density of prostate-specific membrane antigen receptors, and skeletal osteoblastic activity. Although 2-deoxy-2-18F-FDG-PET is the mainstay of molecular imaging, FDG has limitations in typically indolent prostate cancer. Yet, there are many useful and emerging PET tracers beyond FDG, which provide added value. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - September 6, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: David M. Schuster, Cristina Nanni, Stefano Fanti Source Type: research
Advancement of MR and PET/MR in Prostate Cancer
Multiparametric magnetic resonance (mpMRI) imaging has assumed a larger role in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer. The current method of detecting prostate cancer relies on blind systematic biopsy, guided only by transrectal ultrasound that generally directs the needle biopsy to sextants of the prostate rather than specific lesions. MpMRI is playing an increasing role in the detection of primary cancer as it can visualize cancers and direct biopsies. However, even mpMRI is inherently nonspecific and numerous biopsies performed under MR guidance prove to be negative. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - September 2, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Liza Lindenberg, Mark Ahlman, Baris Turkbey, Esther Mena, Peter Choyke Source Type: research
Letter From the Editors
Although we have published several articles that have been devoted to the prostate cancer1,2 in recent issues of the Seminars, we have decided that it is time to devote an entire issue to this subject. Prostatic cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in men and has been the subject of intensive investigation during the past decade. Significant advances have been achieved in diagnostic methodology using imaging techniques, including Nuclear Medicine, MRI, and Ultrasound. Although these methods have played a vital role in clarifying the extent of disease in patients with prostatic cancer, the diagnosis and treatment rem...
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - September 2, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Leonard M. Freeman, M. Donald Blaufox Source Type: research
Guest Editorial —Prostate Cancer
This issue of Seminars in Nuclear Medicine is devoted to prostate cancer (PC), which is the most common malignancy in men and a major cause of cancer deaths. The biological and clinical heterogeneity of PC provides challenges for the diagnostic imaging evaluation as well as for the therapeutic strategy of this prevalent disease. Stimulated by the burden of PC disease worldwide, new and innovative strategies for PC diagnosis and therapy are actively being pursued. The ideal diagnostic and therapeutic strategy aims to provide personalized care that matches the individual patient ʼs needs and preferences. (Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine)
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - September 2, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Kirsten Bouchelouche Source Type: research
Erratum to “Production and Clinical Applications of Radiopharmaceuticals and Medical Radioisotopes in Iran” [Semin Nucl Med 2016;46:340-358]
Unfortunately, the original version of this article contained 2 errors. A sentence on page 344, paragraph 4 was written incorrectly. It was written as: “I-131 has been produced at TRR using an (n,p) reaction on Xe-124-enriched gas.” The correct form of this sentence is: “I-131 has been produced at TRR using neutron-irradiation of a natural tellurium target.” A sentence on page 346, paragraph 1 was also written incorrectly. It was written as : “I-131 is produced by the irradiation of Xe-124 in the TRR.” The correct form of this sentence is: “I-131 is produced by the irradiation of natural tellurium in the TRR....
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - September 1, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Amir Reza Jalilian, Davood Beiki, Arman Hassanzadeh-Rad, Arash Eftekhari, Parham Geramifar, Mohammad Eftekhari Source Type: research
Erratum to “Evaluation of Osseous Metastasis in Bone Scintigraphy” [Semin Nucl Med 46 (2016) 340–358]
Unfortunately, the original version of this article contained 2 errors. A sentence on page 344, paragraph 4 was written incorrectly. It was written as: “I-131 has been produced at TRR using an (n,p) reaction on Xe-124-enriched gas.” The correct form of this sentence is: “I-131 has been produced at TRR using neutron-irradiation of a natural tellurium target.” A sentence on page 346, paragraph 1 was also written incorrectly. It was written as : “I-131 is produced by the irradiation of Xe-124 in the TRR.” The correct form of this sentence is: “I-131 is produced by the irradiation of natural tellurium in the TRR....
Source: Seminars in Nuclear Medicine - September 1, 2016 Category: Nuclear Medicine Authors: Amir Reza Jalilian, Davood Beiki, Arman Hassanzadeh-Rad, Arash Eftekhari, Parham Geramifar, Mohammad Eftekhari Source Type: research
