Aspergillus yunnanensis, a new and rare species in the Aspergillus section Jani
Publication date: Available online 1 November 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Wenjiao Cai, Panpan Huang, Ying Yan, Bingda Sun, Xianzhi Jiang, Amanda J. ChenAbstractAspergillus is a monophyletic genus comprising the subgenera Aspergillus, Circumdati, Cremei, Fumigati, Nidulantes and Polypaecilum. The subgenus Circumdati contains many economically important species and mycotoxin producers. Section Jani was recently introduced with morphological and molecular support. In the present study, two strains isolated from farmland soil were assigned in section Jani based on multi-locus phylogenetic analyses but showed low similari...
Source: Mycoscience - November 1, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Study of the intracellular xylanolytic activity of the phytopathogenic fungus Sporisorium reilianum
Publication date: Available online 26 October 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Joany Pérez-Rodríguez, Alejandro Téllez-Jurado, Jorge Álvarez-Cervantes, José Antonio Ibarra-García, Blanca Estela Jaramillo-Loranca, Miguel Angel Anducho-Reyes, Yuridia Mercado-FloresAbstractThe present study demonstrates that Sporisorium reilianum, a phytopathogenic fungus of corn, produces intracellular xylanolytic activity during submerged fermentation. Production reached its highest levels in a medium containing glucose, corn hemicellulose and yeast extract. An intracellular xylanase was purified by a process that included precipitat...
Source: Mycoscience - October 26, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
An adaptor protein BmSte50 interacts with BmSte11 MAPKKK and is involved in host infection, conidiation, melanization, and sexual development in Bipolaris maydis
In this study, we identified and characterized the BmSte50 gene, an ortholog of the yeast Ste50 in B. maydis. Our yeast two-hybrid assay indicated that BmSte50 interacts with a MAPK kinase kinase BmSte11, a component of the Chk1 cascade. ΔBmSte50 strains exhibited a loss of pathogenicity due to a lack of appressorial formation. The mutants also showed a reduction in melanization, conidial production, and aerial-mycelial and sexual development. Such phenotypes of the mutants were consistent with those of the Chk1 cascade gene mutants previously reported. In addition, ΔBmSte50 strains indicated lower conidial germination e...
Source: Mycoscience - October 25, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Cloning and functional characterization of gpd and α-tubulin promoters from Annulohypoxylon stygium, a companion fungus of Tremella fuciformis
In this study, the 981 bp and 886 bp promoter sequences of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gpd) gene and α-tubulin gene have been cloned, respectively. Sequence analysis showed that gpd promoter contained nine CAAT boxes, and single TGACG-motif, TATA box, ABRE motif, STRE motif, MYB motif, and W box. The α-tubulin promoter included eight CAAT boxes, three STRE, two TATA boxes and MYB, single Box 4, CAT-box, CCAAT-box, TGA-element, and ABRE. Subsequently, we evaluated the promoters' function by constructing four vectors pGEH, pGRH, pTEH, and pTRH to drive fused enhanced green fluorescent protein and hygromycin B...
Source: Mycoscience - October 23, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Effects of bacterial strains isolated from the ectomycorrhizal roots of Laccaria parva on sporocarp production by the fungus in vitro
Publication date: Available online 19 October 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Keisuke ObaseAbstractThe effects of bacteria isolated from ectomycorrhizas on sporocarp production of Laccaria parva were examined in vitro. Three bacterial strains of Bradyrhizobium were selected on the basis of their affinity for L. parva LL02 in previous confrontation tests: a positive or a negative strain that significantly increased or decreased hyphal extension areas, and a neutral strain that did not have significant effects on them. Mycelia of LL02 and a suspension of each bacterial strain were inoculated onto a surface-sterilized pine ...
Source: Mycoscience - October 19, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
First report of secondary metabolites, Violaceol I and Violaceol II produced by endophytic fungus, Trichoderma polyalthiae and their antimicrobial activity
Publication date: Available online 13 October 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Katesaraporn Nuankeaw, Boonyanoot Chaiyosang, Thanapat Suebrasri, Somdej Kanokmedhakul, Saisaamorn Lumyong, Sophon BoonlueAbstractBioactive compounds of endophytic fungus Trichoderma polyalthiae were extracted from culture broth media. The crude extracts showed strong antimicrobial activity against human pathogens. Biologically active compounds were isolated and purified by chromatographic methods. The structures of the pure compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods. They were identified as Violaceol I and Violaceol II. These compounds...
Source: Mycoscience - October 13, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Association between myxomycetes and the decay stage of coarse woody debris in an evergreen broadleaf forest in warm temperate Japan
In this study, we examined the relationships between myxomycete species and the decay stage of wood from fallen trees in an evergreen broadleaf forest in Japan. Myxomycete species richness and abundance were calculated for eight stages of decay in fallen logs, according to the appearance and wood hardness of log portions. A total of 70 myxomycete species (including varieties) were found on the logs. Moderately decayed wood was the preferred habitat of myxomycetes (57 species; 81% of the total) and most species inhabited moist decayed wood. Analysis by nonmetric multidimensional scaling enabled the differentiation of myxomy...
Source: Mycoscience - September 26, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Epitypification and molecular confirmation of Erysiphe cucurbitacearum as a synonym of Golovinomyces tabaci
Publication date: Available online 10 September 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Peng-Lei Qiu, Xiao-Fan Qi, Yu Li, Uwe Braun, Shu-Yan LiuAbstractRecently published phylogenetic analyses of the Golovinomyces orontii complex revealed that three different species of the genus Golovinomyces may occur on cucurbitaceous hosts, viz., G. bolayi, G. orontii s. str., and G. tabaci. Owing to its morphological characteristics, Erysiphe cucurbitacearum (≡ G. cucurbitacearum) was tentatively reduced to synonym with G. tabaci. However, final conclusions on the identity and status of E. cucurbitacearum, described from China on Cucumis ...
Source: Mycoscience - September 11, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Metarhizium brachyspermum sp. nov. (Clavicipitaceae), a new species parasitic on Elateridae from Japan
Publication date: Available online 7 September 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Kohei Yamamoto, Muneyuki Ohmae, Takamichi OriharaAbstractTeleomorphic ascomata of a Metarhizium species were collected from Tochigi Prefecture, Japan. The ascomata were similar to M. kalasinense in its host preference for elaterids, olive-green clavate stromata, and obliquely immersed perithecia, but the lengths of asci and ascospores were significantly shorter in length than those of the latter species. Furthermore, phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer region and 28S nuclear ribosomal DNA and the elongation factor 1-...
Source: Mycoscience - September 8, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Ectomycorrhiza synthesis and basidiome formation of an orchid symbiont of the genus Thelephora on Quercus serrata
Publication date: Available online 17 August 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Takahiro Yagame, Nitaro MaekawaAbstractWe induced basidioma formation of a fungus belonging to the Thelephoraceae that was isolated from the orchid Cephalanthera falcata. The mycobiont was isolated from root, cultured on modified Melin-Norkrans medium, and then inoculated onto fine roots of a Quercus serrata (Fagaceae) seedling. After observation of ectomycorrhiza formation, the Q. serrata seedling was grown in a pot. Thirty-six mo after ectomycorrhiza formation, basidioma formation was confirmed at the bottom of the pot. From comparisons in mor...
Source: Mycoscience - August 18, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
The effect of surface sterilization and the type of sterilizer on the genus composition of lichen-inhabiting fungi with notes on some frequently isolated genera
In this study, the genus composition of the lichen-inhabiting fungi of two lichen species (Flavoparmelia caperata and Peltigera dilacerata) were investigated 1) to reveal how the isolation result changes before and after surface sterilization and 2) to examine the effect of the sterilizer (ethanol, sodium hypochlorite, or hydrogen peroxide) on the composition of the isolated fungi. We isolated 652 non-lichenized fungal isolates from the two-lichen species and identified 84 genera. It was found that 1) every sterilizer effectively removed the fungi on the lichen surface and that 2) the composition of isolated fungi varied d...
Source: Mycoscience - July 31, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Aspergillus takadae, a novel heterothallic species of Aspergillus section Fumigati isolated from soil in China
We report on the crossing of A. takadae species and the result of crossing A. takadae with a closely related species, A. spathulatus. (Source: Mycoscience)
Source: Mycoscience - July 27, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Taxonomic reconsideration of Tricholoma foliicola (Agaricales, Basidiomycota) based on basidiomata morphology, living culture characteristics, and phylogenetic analyses
Publication date: Available online 24 July 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Naoki Endo, Shuji Ushijima, Eiji Nagasawa, Ryo Sugawara, Yudai Okuda, Kozue Sotome, Akira Nakagiri, Nitaro MaekawaAbstractTricholoma foliicola was taxonomically reevaluated based on analyses of the holotype and newly collected materials. Basidiospores of T. foliicola were irregularly ellipsoid, showing a cyanophilic reaction with or without tubercles. Phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit 28S regions of the fungal nuclear ribosomal RNA gene demonstrated that T. foliicola is a species of Gerhardtia charact...
Source: Mycoscience - July 25, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Improved chlamydospore formation in Tricholoma bakamatsutake with addition of amino acids in vitro
Publication date: Available online 11 June 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Takashi Yamanaka, Miki Konno, Masataka Kawai, Yuko Ota, Noritaka Nakamura, Akira OhtaAbstractTricholoma bakamatsutake, which forms its fruit body in oak forests, is similar to T. matsutake in shape and odor; therefore, it is expected to have a high economic value similar to T. matsutake. Recently, the fruit bodies of T. bakamatsutake were produced after planting of a Quercus phillyraeoides sapling with a pure culture of the fungal mycelia. This fungus forms pigmented thick-walled spores (chlamydospores [CSs]) terminally on the hyphae in culture...
Source: Mycoscience - July 16, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Deconica cokeriana (Agaricales, Strophariaceae), a new combination
Publication date: Available online 10 July 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Virginia Ramírez-Cruz, Alonso Cortés-Pérez, Jan Borovička, Alma Rosa Villalobos-Arámbula, Patrick B. Matheny, Laura Guzmán-DávalosAbstractDeconica cokeriana is proposed as a new combination based on morphological and molecular data. This species is fully described, discussed, and illustrated. Until now, D. cokeriana is only known from the eastern USA, specifically from Connecticut, Georgia, Ohio, and Tennessee. (Source: Mycoscience)
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
