Rediscovery of Cyathus badius, an ‘extinct’ species from the Bonin Islands, Japan
Publication date: Available online 8 March 2018 Source:Mycoscience Author(s): Rhudson Henrique Santos Ferreira da Cruz, Iuri Goulart Baseia, Kentaro Hosaka The Bonin Islands, Japan, present a unique and endemic fauna and flora, however a large portion of these species, including fungi, are now considered endangered or extinct. During almost 80 y Cyathus badius was included in that statistics and no additional collections were recorded until a new expedition in 2015. Morphological comparisons with the holotype are consistent with the new specimen, and phylogenetic analyses based on ribosomal ITS, LSU and concatenated ...
Source: Mycoscience - April 14, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Genetic analyses of reddish-brown polyoxin-resistant mutants of Bipolaris maydis
Publication date: Available online 9 March 2018 Source:Mycoscience Author(s): Daidi Chen, Hiroshi Masumoto, Yuki Kitade, Kosuke Izumitsu, Chihiro Tanaka In the southern corn blight fungus, Bipolaris maydis, five polyoxin-resistance genes (Pol1 to Pol5) have been reported. Pol2 and Pol5 are pleiotropic for not only polyoxin resistance but also reddish brown colonies. Here, we used a comparative genomics approach to identify Pol2 and Pol5 at a molecular genetics level. Our analysis revealed that nucleotide sequence variations in the genes for hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) and ferrochelatase (FECH) were linked to...
Source: Mycoscience - April 14, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Spatial diversity of clavarioid mycota (Basidiomycota) at the forest-tundra ecotone
Publication date: Available online 16 March 2018 Source:Mycoscience Author(s): Anton G. Shiryaev The article studies the change of clavarioid mycota species richness along the longitudinal gradient of climatic continentality in the forest tundra ecotone of Eurasia and the results are discussed for continental and regional levels using the basic climatic variables. It was found that species richness declines, both continentally and regionally, with climate continentality increasing. The Fennoscandian sector situated in the mild maritime climate is the richest, whereas Yakutia, with an ultracontinental harsh climate is th...
Source: Mycoscience - April 14, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Geographical distribution of myxomycetes living on Cryptomeria japonica bark in Japan
Publication date: Available online 22 March 2018 Source:Mycoscience Author(s): Kazunari Takahashi, Yuichi Harakon, Yu Fukasawa There is little available data on the biogeography of myxomycetes at the regional scale within any given climate zone. To investigate the geographical distribution of these protozoans, we focused on corticolous myxomycetes associated with the bark of Cryptomeria japonica trees, which we sampled extensively throughout Japan. Myxomycete sporophores developed in 73% of 2244 moist-chamber cultures of 188 bark samples from 24 regions, including 31 species. The most abundant species were Paradiacheo...
Source: Mycoscience - April 14, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Lepidoderma cristatosporum, a new species of myxomycete from Australia
Publication date: Available online 22 March 2018 Source:Mycoscience Author(s): Gabriel Moreno, Ángela López-Villalba, Steven Lee Stephenson, Aurelio Castillo A new species of myxomycete, Lepidoderma cristatosporum, is described from Australia. This species is represented by material collected on subantarctic Macquarie Island. Photographs of fruiting bodies and morphological features as observed under light microscopy are provided, along with micrographs of spore ornamentation as observed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the new species is compared with other taxa belonging to the genera Lepidoderma and...
Source: Mycoscience - April 14, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Predicted potential distribution of Sydowia japonica in Japan
Publication date: Available online 22 March 2018 Source:Mycoscience Author(s): Hayato Masuya, Yu Ichihara, Takuya Aikawa, Yukiko Takahashi, Takanori Kubono Sydowia japonica, a dothidealean fungus, is a parasite that is specific to the male strobili of Japanese cedar. The fungus is a candidate for the control of Japanese cedar pollen dispersal, which is a cause of pollinosis. To evaluate S. japonica for bioherbicidal applications, it is necessary to characterise its potential distribution and environmental niche. Here, we predicted the distribution of S. japonica in Japan using field surveys and a maximum entropy mod...
Source: Mycoscience - April 14, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Homeobox transcription factor CoHox3 is essential for appressorium formation in the plant pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum orbiculare
In this study, we functionally analyzed one of the C. orbiculare homeobox gene named CoHox3 (Colletotrichum orbiculare Homeobox transcription factor 3) during the infection process. CoHox3 knockout mutants were non-pathogenic on host leaves (inoculated with 1.0 × 104 conidia/mL). Conidia of CoHox3 mutants germinated and/or formed lightly pigmented structures, but did not form mature appressoria on glass slides, artificial membranes, or host leaves. Only 0.3–0.6% of germinated conidia of CoHox3 mutants formed infection hyphae on host leaves. Green fluorescent protein-based expression experiments showed that germinat...
Source: Mycoscience - April 14, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Isolation and antimicrobial activities of fungi derived from Nymphaea lotus and Nymphaea stellata
This study aimed to isolate fungi from leaves, petals, stalks and stamens of Nymphaea lotus and Nymphaea stellata and explore their bioactive potential with respect to antimicrobial activity and their cytotoxicity on human cell lines. The totals of 210 fungal isolates were obtained from 640 segments. The highest isolation rate was found in petal segments (0.44), while stamens yielded the lowest isolation rate (0.13). One hundred and ninety–five fungal extracts were evaluated for their efficiency against ten pathogenic microorganisms by colorimetric broth microdilution tests. Cell hexane extract from Eupenicillium levitum...
Source: Mycoscience - April 14, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Relationship between saccharifying capacity and isolation sources for strains of the Rhizopus arrhizus complex
Publication date: Available online 14 April 2018 Source:Mycoscience Author(s): Ling-Dan Yao, Xiao Ju, Timothy Y. James, Jun-Zhi Qiu, Xiao-Yong Liu To discover the differences and modes of saccharifying ability among Rhizopus arrhizus strains isolated from various habitats, we grew strains in glutinous rice media to monitor the production of glucose from starch using spectrophotometry at regular time intervals. The saccharifying capacity of R. arrhizus var. delemar was found to be weaker than that of var. arrhizus and var. tonkinensis. These data provide additional phenotypic support for recognization of this geneti...
Source: Mycoscience - April 14, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Geographic and temporal distributions of four genotypes found in Erysiphe gracilis var. gracilis, a powdery mildew of evergreen oaks (Erysiphales)
Publication date: Available online 10 January 2018 Source:Mycoscience Author(s): Siska A.S. Siahaan, Hitomi Sakamoto, Toshiya Shinoda, Susumu Takamatsu A survey of 402 samples of Erysiphe gracilis var. gracilis on evergreen oaks collected from a wide area of western Japan showed that they were divided into four distinct genotypes each forming a separate clade with high bootstrap support, which were referred to as E. hiratae (genotype I), E. uncinuloides (genotype II), E. gracilis s. str. (genotype III), and E. pseudogracilis (genotype IV) in a separate taxonomic treatment. However, there are no clear differences ...
Source: Mycoscience - January 10, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Unveiling Gymnosporangium corniforme, G. unicorne, and G. niitakayamense sp. nov. in Taiwan
Publication date: Available online 4 January 2018 Source:Mycoscience Author(s): Yuan-Min Shen, Wen-Hsin Chung, Tung-Chin Huang, Rossitza Rodeva, Ting-Hsuan Hung Three rust fungi from high mountains and pear-producing areas in Taiwan were described using morphological and molecular data based on 34 specimens. Gymnosporangium corniforme was demonstrated to produce spermogonia and aecia on Sorbus randaiensis based on molecular analyses and inoculation experiments. The pear rust pathogen G. unicorne was discovered in Taiwan for the first time. Gymnosporangium niitakayamense sp. nov. was observed on the leaves of Photini...
Source: Mycoscience - January 5, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Three new species of Lactarius (Russulaceae, Russulales) from Northeast China
Publication date: Available online 3 January 2018 Source:Mycoscience Author(s): Shu-Feng Shi, Xiang-Hua Wang, Tolgor Bau Three new species of Lactarius are described from Northeast China, based on morphological comparisons and analyses on ITS nrDNA sequences. Samples of these species were mostly collected from deciduous or mixed forests with oaks. Lactarius albidocinereus, a member of L. subg. Plinthogalus is very similar to European L. azonites in the morphology and the sequence data. It differs from L. azonites by more ellipsoid spores with thinner ornamentation and shorter terminal cells in the pileipellis. Lacta...
Source: Mycoscience - January 4, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Host age determines parasite load of Laboulbeniales fungi infecting ants: Implications for host-parasite relationship and fungal life history
Publication date: Available online 3 January 2018 Source:Mycoscience Author(s): Ferenc Báthori, Walter P. Pfliegler, Zoltán Rádai, András Tartally Arthropod-parasitic fungi of the order Laboulbeniales are known to exhibit specialization to individual host taxa in most cases. Some species exhibit ecological specificity to multiple, often unrelated hosts in certain microhabitats; and often position specificity to different host body parts. The myrmecophilous Rickia wasmannii (Ascomycota: Laboulbeniales) infects Myrmica species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) (host specificity), and occasionally other arthropod inquilines...
Source: Mycoscience - January 4, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Diaporthosporellaceae, a novel family of Diaporthales (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota)
Publication date: Available online 3 January 2018 Source:Mycoscience Author(s): Qin Yang, Xin Lei Fan, Zhuo Du, Cheng Ming Tian Diaporthosporella cercidicola, collected from diseased branches of Cercis chinensis in China, is herein described and illustrated. Evidence for this new genus and species is provided by both holomorphic morphology and phylogenetic analysis. Diaporthosporella cannot be classified into any existing family. Thus, Diaporthosporellaceae is introduced as a new family to accommodate Diaporthosporella, typified by D. cercidicola. Morphologically, Diaporthosporellaceae can be distinguished from othe...
Source: Mycoscience - January 4, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Phylogenetic study of indigenous grapevine leaf rust fungi in North America and biological identity of an invasive grapevine leaf rust fungus in Brazil
Publication date: Available online 23 December 2017 Source:Mycoscience Author(s): Izumi Okane, Yoshitaka Ono Two American grapevine leaf rust (GLR) fungi, Phakopsora muscadiniae and P. uva, were found to be phylogenetically different from Asian-Australasian GLR fungi. In the phylogram based on rDNA region sequences, a clade of the American fungi was sister to an inclusive clade of three autoecious species on Meliosma and a heteroecious species host-alternating between Meliosma and Parthenocissus. An invasive Brazilian GLR fungus (as P. meliosmae-myrianthae) was included in the Asian-Australasian GLR fungi clade, or t...
Source: Mycoscience - December 23, 2017 Category: Biology Source Type: research
