Differential expression of two gpd genes in the cultivated mushroom Pleurotus eryngii using RNA sequencing analysis
Publication date: Available online 25 June 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Junjun Shang, Ruiheng Yang, Lihua Tang, Yán Li, Yan Li, Wenjun Mao, Ming Gong, Ying Wang, Yoichi Honda, Dapeng BaoAbstractTranscriptional analysis showed that Pegpd1 was constitutively and highly expressed in various developmental stages of P. eryngii. The expression level of Pegpd2 was much lower than Pegpd1. The promoter of Pegpd1 contained the conserved cis-regulatory elements and could be used to drive heterologous gene expression in genetic transformation of P. eryngii. (Source: Mycoscience)
Source: Mycoscience - June 25, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Mortierella oedorhiza, a new species forming a dichotomously branched rhizoid at the sporangiophore base
Publication date: Available online 24 June 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Yusuke Takashima, Yousuke Degawa, Kazuhiko NarisawaAbstractA new species, Mortierella oedorhiza, is described as a fungus forming a dichotomously branched rhizoid with a bulbil-like mass of hyphae at the base of the sporangiophore. The species is morphologically and phylogenetically similar to M. rostafinskii, which has rarely been reported. A trace of a columella on dehiscence of the sporangium and a dichotomously branched rhizoid are distinguishing characteristics of this species compared with M. rostafinskii. (Source: Mycoscience)
Source: Mycoscience - June 24, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Formvar membrane laid on artificial medium induces haustorium-like structure formation in powdery mildew fungi
Publication date: Available online 21 June 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Naoto Yamaoka, Eiji Tanaka, Tsubasa Ogasahara, Honoka Tani, Kappei Kobayashi, Takashi YaenoAbstractWe aimed to develop an artificial membrane system to observe the infection process of the obligate biotrophic powdery mildew fungi without the use of living plant cells. The conidia of Blumeria graminis and Erysiphe pisi conidia were inoculated on a formvar membrane laid on an artificial medium. Germinated conidia frequently formed appressoria and then penetrated the membrane to form haustorium-like structures in the artificial medium. Secondary hyph...
Source: Mycoscience - June 22, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Metarhizium aciculare sp. nov. For euvesperins A and B producing Metarhizium strains
Publication date: Available online 16 June 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Hiromu Iwasaki, Toshiyuki Tokiwa, Mayu Shiina, Yukihiro Asami, Kazuro Shiomi, Satoshi Ōmura, Kenichi NonakaAbstractWe have already found some Metarhizium isolates produce euvesperins A and B, which were circumventors of arbekacin resistance in MRSA. These isolates were obtained from soil samples collected from the Izu islands and Kannami town, Sizuoka, Japan.Using a combination of micro-morphological characteristics and multigene (SSU, LSU, TEF) phylogenics, the isolates were indentified as a previously underscribed species of Metarhizium. Phylog...
Source: Mycoscience - June 16, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Improved chlamydospore formation in Tricholoma bakamatsutake with addition of amino acids in vitro
Publication date: Available online 11 June 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Takashi Yamanaka, Miki Konno, Masataka Kawai, Yuko Ota, Noritaka Nakamura, Akira OhtaAbstractTricholoma bakamatsutake, which forms its fruit body in oak forests, is similar to T. matsutake in shape and odor; therefore, it is expected to have a high economic value similar to T. matsutake. Recently, the fruit bodies of T. bakamatsutake were produced after planting of a Quercus phillyraeoides sapling with a pure culture of the fungal mycelia. This fungus forms pigmented thick-walled spores (chlamydospores [CSs]) terminally on the hyphae in culture an...
Source: Mycoscience - June 12, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Assessment of genetic relatedness among commercial and wild strains of Agaricus bisporus using repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences and polymerase chain reaction
Publication date: Available online 12 June 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Nader Rokni, Seyed Ali Akbar Sadati, Naser Safaie, Mohammad Ali Ebrahimi, Mohammad SamimifarAbstractThe genetic relatedness among 18 strains of Agaricus bisporus was assessed based on the fragment pattern analysis obtained by the amplification of genomic DNA by BOX, ERIC (ERICIR-I/ERIC2) and REP (REP1RI/REP2I) gene sequences. Based on the banding patterns of PCR-amplified products, eight putative groups among the 18 commercial and wild strains were recognized. REP-PCR generated multiple distinct products showing considerable variability among the ...
Source: Mycoscience - June 12, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Antennatula katumotoi, a new euantennariaceous sooty mould, with a Hormisciomyces-like synasexual morph from central Honshu, Japan
Publication date: Available online 6 June 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Junta Sugiyama, Tsuyoshi HosoyaAbstractA new species of euantennariaceous sooty mould, Antennatula katumotoi, is described and illustrated. It has a Hormisciomyces-like synasexual morph and inhabits twigs of the conifer Abies veitchii in Sugenuma (alt. ca. 1719 m), Katashina-mura, Tone-gun, Gunma Prefecture, central Honshu, Japan. The expected Euantennaria-like sexual morph linked to this genus was not seen in the specimen studied. This is the first proof that the genus Antennatula of the family Euantennariaceae also occurs in Japan. In addition, A...
Source: Mycoscience - June 8, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Phragmidium satoanum, a new rust pathogen of Rosa hirtula in Japan
Publication date: Available online 7 May 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Yoshitaka Ono, Dono WahyunoAbstractThe causal fungus of a rust disease of Rosa hirtula, endemic to mountainous areas of Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park, Japan, was thought to be a common species Phragmidium rosae-multiflorae. Continued field observations, morphological examination, and experimental inoculations proved that the fungus produced laterally three-angled aeciospores and urediniospores together with multi-cellular teliospores on the same R. hirtula trees. These morphological features were different from those of P. rosae-multiflorae. The fun...
Source: Mycoscience - May 8, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Biodegradation and bioconversion of endrin by white rot fungi, Phlebia acanthocystis and Phlebia brevispora
In this study, endrin was used as the substrate for a degradation experiment with the white rot fungi of the genus Phlebia. The results of tolerance test showed that the tolerance level of Phlebia acanthocystis and Phlebia brevispora to endrin was higher than that of other fungi, and the tolerance coefficient of both strains to 1.0 mg/L endrin exceeded 0.9 in solid PDA medium. P. acanthocystis and P. brevispora could degrade endrin efficiently in pure culture, especially P. acanthocystis had the highest degradability of more than 80% after 20 d incubation. Compared with low-nitrogen medium, PDB medium is more suitable for ...
Source: Mycoscience - April 25, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Expression of tyrosinase genes associated with fruiting body formation and pigmentation in Grifola frondosa
Publication date: Available online 11 April 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Nobuhisa Kawaguchi, Mirai Hayashi, Shota Nakano, Norihiro Shimomura, Takeshi Yamaguchi, Tadanori AimiAbstractChemical and physical properties (including ultraviolet spectrum) of a brown pigment isolated from Grifola frondosa fruiting bodies were almost identical to those of fungal melanin. From the full genome sequence of G. frondosa, genes involved in the melanin biosynthesis pathway of this polypore mushroom were identified, including tyrosinases (tyr1 and tyr2). Transcriptional analyses showed dramatic changes only in the expression of tyr2 in...
Source: Mycoscience - April 13, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Two new records of ascomycetes from Japan, Pyrenopeziza protrusa and P. nervicola (Helotiales, Dermateaceae sensu lato)
This study clarified that P. protrusa morphologically differs from P. nervicola in (1) more protruded outermost cells in ectal excipulum, (2) smaller ascospores, and (3) longer and thinner asci. Pyrenopeziza protrusa produces chlamydospore-like brown cells under culture while P. nervicola forms more complex, brown bulbils. These species formed distinct clades based on ITS-5.8S rDNA in the phylogenetic analysis. The two species did not share the same host. (Source: Mycoscience)
Source: Mycoscience - April 9, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Coprinopsis neocinerea sp. nov., an ammonia fungus from Southern Vietnam
Publication date: Available online 6 April 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Phuong Thao Nguyen, Nguyen Duc Hoang Pham, Akira Suzuki, Kiminori Shimizu, Toshimitsu FukiharuAbstractCoprinopsis neocinerea sp. nov. (Basidiomycota, Agaricales, Psathyrellaceae), is a new Coprinoid ammonia fungus from broadleaf mixed forest in Vietnam. In macro- and micromorphology, this species is similar to C. cinerea, but differs in having upheaved and humpbacked abaxial side shape of basidiospores. Phylogenetic analysis with nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) data also supports this new taxon. (Source: Mycoscience)
Source: Mycoscience - April 8, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
A test of camera surveys to study fungus-animal interactions
Publication date: Available online 5 April 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Leonie Schmid, Claus Bässler, Hanno Schaefer, Franz-Sebastian KrahAbstractSpores of mushroom-forming fungi are thought to be passively dispersed by wind. Studies of the spore morphology and ecological studies suggest, however, that dispersal by animals might also play a role. Since simultaneous and long-term observations of fungus-animal interactions are not feasible, we test the efficiency of time-lapse camera surveys followed by motion detection analysis. We surveyed 21 mushrooms of seven species for three days (daytime). We found mainly insect...
Source: Mycoscience - April 6, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Variations in 1-octen-3-ol and lipoxygenase gene expression in the oyster mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus according to fruiting body development, tissue specificity, maturity, and postharvest storage
This study investigated variations in 1-octen-3-ol and the LOX gene (Polox1 and Polox2) expression together with LOX activity in P. ostreatus, according to fruiting body development, tissue specificity, maturity, and postharvest storage. 1-Octen-3-ol content was abundant in the stipe of medium-sized fruiting bodies (40–50 mm cap diam), but decreased after 2 d of storage at 4 °C. During fruiting body development, changes in LOX activity mimicked changes in transcript levels of Polox1, which was much more abundantly expressed than Polox2. The changes in LOX activity were different from changes in 1-octen-3-ol level...
Source: Mycoscience - March 21, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Discovery of Rhizopogon associated with Larix from northeastern Siberia: Insights into host shift of ectomycorrhizal fungi
Publication date: Available online 11 March 2019Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Yumiko Miyamoto, Trofim C. Maximov, Atsuko Sugimoto, Kazuhide NaraAbstractRhizopogon (Boletales) is an ectomycorrhizal fungal genus that exhibits a strong specificity to Pinaceae. This strict association occurs almost exclusively with Pinus and Pseudotsuga, while associations with other genera in Pinaceae are inconclusive. Here, we describe Rhizopogon laricinus sp. nov. associated with Larix cajanderi distributed in northeastern Siberia, where forest fires are frequent. We confirmed the host identity by comparing rDNA internal transcribed spacer ...
Source: Mycoscience - March 12, 2019 Category: Biology Source Type: research
