Homeobox transcription factor CoHox3 is essential for appressorium formation in the plant pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum orbiculare
In this study, we functionally analyzed one of the C. orbiculare homeobox gene named CoHox3 (Colletotrichum orbiculare Homeobox transcription factor 3) during the infection process. CoHox3 knockout mutants were non-pathogenic on host leaves (inoculated with 1.0 × 104 conidia/mL). Conidia of CoHox3 mutants germinated and/or formed lightly pigmented structures, but did not form mature appressoria on glass slides, artificial membranes, or host leaves. Only 0.3–0.6% of germinated conidia of CoHox3 mutants formed infection hyphae on host leaves. Green fluorescent protein-based expression experiments showed that germinat...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Isolation and antimicrobial activities of fungi derived from Nymphaea lotus and Nymphaea stellata
This study aimed to isolate fungi from leaves, petals, stalks and stamens of Nymphaea lotus and Nymphaea stellata and explore their bioactive potential with respect to antimicrobial activity and their cytotoxicity on human cell lines. The totals of 210 fungal isolates were obtained from 640 segments. The highest isolation rate was found in petal segments (0.44), while stamens yielded the lowest isolation rate (0.13). One hundred and ninety–five fungal extracts were evaluated for their efficiency against ten pathogenic microorganisms by colorimetric broth microdilution tests. Cell hexane extract from Eupenicillium levitum...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Relationship between saccharifying capacity and isolation sources for strains of the Rhizopus arrhizus complex
Publication date: Available online 14 April 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Ling-Dan Yao, Xiao Ju, Timothy Y. James, Jun-Zhi Qiu, Xiao-Yong LiuAbstractTo discover the differences and modes of saccharifying ability among Rhizopus arrhizus strains isolated from various habitats, we grew strains in glutinous rice media to monitor the production of glucose from starch using spectrophotometry at regular time intervals. The saccharifying capacity of R. arrhizus var. delemar was found to be weaker than that of var. arrhizus and var. tonkinensis. These data provide additional phenotypic support for recognization of this genetic...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Inonotus taiwanensis sp. nov. (Basidiomycota) from Taiwan
Publication date: Available online 16 April 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Sheng-Hua Wu, Yu-Ting Lin, Chi-Liang Chern, Shin-Yi KeAbstractInonotus taiwanensis (Hymenochaetales) is described as a new species collected from southern Taiwan, and all specimens grew on the trunk of Trema tomentosa. This new species is characterized by having resupinate, effuse-reflexed to pileate basidiocarps, bright yellow context, long setal hyphae in context and trama, setae in hymenium and trama, and fairly small basidiospores. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenies inferred from both sequences of 28S and internal transcrib...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Xylodon subflaviporus sp. nov. (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) from East Asia
Publication date: Available online 16 April 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Che-Chih Chen, Sheng-Hua Wu, Chi-Yu ChenAbstractXylodon subflaviporus (Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) is described as a new species collected from tropical and subtropical regions of East Asia. This new species is characterized by resupinate basidiocarps, a poroid hymenophore, pseudodimitic hyphal system, nodose-septate hyphae, four types of cystidia (capitate, acicular to cylindrical, subulate to ventricose, and apically-encrusted), and thin-walled, colorless, smooth and ellipsoid basidiospores. Bayesian, Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimon...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Diaporthosporellaceae, a novel family of Diaporthales (Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota)
Publication date: May 2018Source: Mycoscience, Volume 59, Issue 3Author(s): Qin Yang, Xin Lei Fan, Zhuo Du, Cheng Ming TianAbstractDiaporthosporella cercidicola, collected from diseased branches of Cercis chinensis in China, is herein described and illustrated. Evidence for this new genus and species is provided by both holomorphic morphology and phylogenetic analysis. Diaporthosporella cannot be classified into any existing family. Thus, Diaporthosporellaceae is introduced as a new family to accommodate Diaporthosporella, typified by D. cercidicola. Morphologically, Diaporthosporellaceae can be distinguished from other d...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Temperature effects on hyphal growth of wood-decay basidiomycetes isolated from Pinus densiflora deadwood
Publication date: May 2018Source: Mycoscience, Volume 59, Issue 3Author(s): Yu FukasawaAbstractHyphal growth rates were tested on malt extract agar plates at eight different temperatures (5–40 °C) using 36 isolates of 17 basidiomycete species obtained from Pinus densiflora deadwood in Japan. All isolates of four brown rot species showed optimum growth at 30 °C, whereas the optimum growth temperature of white rot species varied from 20 °C to 30 °C. Analysis using a dataset from four cooler sites showed that brown rot fungi grew more rapidly than white rot fungi at higher temperatures (25 °C, 30 °C, and 3...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Soil burrowing Muscina angustifrons (Diptera: Muscidae) larvae excrete spores capable of forming mycorrhizae underground
In this study, we examined whether M. angustifrons larvae are capable of transporting ectomycorrhizal fungal spores and enhancing ectomycorrhiza growth on host-plant roots. Full-grown larvae were found to move horizontally 10–20 cm from their feeding sites and burrow underground. These wandering larvae retained ectomycorrhizal fungal spores in their intestines, which were excreted following relocation to underground pupation sites. Excreted spores retained germination and infection capacities to form ectomycorrhiza on host-plant roots. In the infection experiments, ectomycorrhizal fungal spores applied in the vicinity...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
First record of the termite ectoparasite Laboulbeniopsis termitarius thaxter in Japan
Publication date: May 2018Source: Mycoscience, Volume 59, Issue 3Author(s): Ikhsan Guswenrivo, Hiroki Sato, Izumi Fujimoto, Tsuyoshi YoshimuraAbstractLaboulbeniopsis termitarius, an ectoparasitic fungus of termites, was harvested from the body surface of Reticulitermes speratus (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), collected in Uji, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan. This is the first record of this fungus from Japan. Three to eighteen termite workers from 500 individuals were infected among the eight colonies investigated. From our results, several hundred termite are required for the survey of this ectoparasitic fungi in Japan. The tempera...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Genetic analyses of reddish-brown polyoxin-resistant mutants of Bipolaris maydis
Publication date: May 2018Source: Mycoscience, Volume 59, Issue 3Author(s): Daidi Chen, Hiroshi Masumoto, Yuki Kitade, Kosuke Izumitsu, Chihiro TanakaAbstractIn the southern corn blight fungus, Bipolaris maydis, five polyoxin-resistance genes (Pol1 to Pol5) have been reported. Pol2 and Pol5 are pleiotropic for not only polyoxin resistance but also reddish brown colonies. Here, we used a comparative genomics approach to identify Pol2 and Pol5 at a molecular genetics level. Our analysis revealed that nucleotide sequence variations in the genes for hydroxymethylbilane synthase (HMBS) and ferrochelatase (FECH) were linked to t...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Unveiling Gymnosporangium corniforme, G. unicorne, and G. niitakayamense sp. nov. in Taiwan
Publication date: May 2018Source: Mycoscience, Volume 59, Issue 3Author(s): Yuan-Min Shen, Wen-Hsin Chung, Tung-Chin Huang, Rossitza Rodeva, Ting-Hsuan HungAbstractThree rust fungi from high mountains and pear-producing areas in Taiwan were described using morphological and molecular data based on 34 specimens. Gymnosporangium corniforme was demonstrated to produce spermogonia and aecia on Sorbus randaiensis based on molecular analyses and inoculation experiments. The pear rust pathogen G. unicorne was discovered in Taiwan for the first time. Gymnosporangium niitakayamense sp. nov. was observed on the leaves of Photinia ni...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Rediscovery of Cyathus badius, an ‘extinct’ species from the Bonin Islands, Japan
Publication date: May 2018Source: Mycoscience, Volume 59, Issue 3Author(s): Rhudson Henrique Santos Ferreira da Cruz, Iuri Goulart Baseia, Kentaro HosakaAbstractThe Bonin Islands, Japan, present a unique and endemic fauna and flora, however a large portion of these species, including fungi, are now considered endangered or extinct. During almost 80 y Cyathus badius was included in that statistics and no additional collections were recorded until a new expedition in 2015. Morphological comparisons with the holotype are consistent with the new specimen, and phylogenetic analyses based on ribosomal ITS, LSU and concatenated ...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Mortierella sugadairana, a new homothallic species related to the firstly described heterothallic species in the genus
Publication date: May 2018Source: Mycoscience, Volume 59, Issue 3Author(s): Yusuke Takashima, Yousuke Degawa, Hiroyuki Ohta, Kazuhiko NarisawaAbstractA new species, Mortierella sugadairana, is described for a fungus forming homothallic zygospores with a club-shaped macrosuspensor and a microsuspensor originating from the macrosuspensor. The species was isolated from cool regions in Japan and morphologically and phylogenetically close to a heterothallic species M. parvispora, which is the first species reported as a heterothallic species in the genus. Mycelial growth of the species was limited at 30 °C, whereas two isola...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Three new species of Lactarius (Russulaceae, Russulales) from Northeast China
Publication date: May 2018Source: Mycoscience, Volume 59, Issue 3Author(s): Shu-Feng Shi, Xiang-Hua Wang, Tolgor BauAbstractThree new species of Lactarius are described from Northeast China, based on morphological comparisons and analyses on ITS nrDNA sequences. Samples of these species were mostly collected from deciduous or mixed forests with oaks. Lactarius albidocinereus, a member of L. subg. Plinthogalus is very similar to European L. azonites in the morphology and the sequence data. It differs from L. azonites by more ellipsoid spores with thinner ornamentation and shorter terminal cells in the pileipellis. Lactari...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Reclassification of current Dictyostelium mucoroides strain Dm7 based on rRNA sequences and morphological features
Publication date: Available online 18 May 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Kurato Mohri, Shin-ichi Kawakami, Seido Nagano, Hideko UrushiharaAbstractRecent classification and phylogenetic analyses of dictyostelids are based on molecular sequences, but not all strains have been examined using this approach. Since the original identification in 1869, several strains called Dictyostelium mucoroides have been isolated; however, molecular taxonomic analyses of these strains remain insufficient. We therefore attempted to verify classification of one of these strains (Dm7) using rRNA sequences. As a result, strain Dm7 was found t...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
