Fruiting body formation of the nivicolous myxomycete Badhamia alpina in moist chamber culture
Publication date: July 2018Source: Mycoscience, Volume 59, Issue 4Author(s): Yuka Yajima, Tamotsu Hoshino, Norio Kondo, Young-Cheol ChangAbstractThe plasmodium of Badhamia alpina thrived at lower temperatures (4 °C), and formed fruiting bodies at 8 °C. The yellow sclerotium and plasmodium were found inside a hollow, dead herbaceous stem under melting snow in Apr, and was cultured in moist chambers at 4 °C. The plasmodium did not form fruiting bodies for 6 wk at 4 °C. Sporulation was observed after the incubation temperatures rose to 8 °C. Sporulation occurred in the morning and cell cleavage at 11 a.m. The orde...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Inocybe praetervisa group – A clade of four closely related species with partly different geographical distribution ranges in Europe
Publication date: July 2018Source: Mycoscience, Volume 59, Issue 4Author(s): Ellen Larsson, Jukka Vauras, Cathy L. CrippsAbstractSequence data from a broad geographical region and different habitats show that the Inocybe praetervisa clade is comprised of four closely related species. These species of section Marginatae are characterized by having nodulose spores and a stipe that is abundantly pruinose only in the upper half. Inocybe praetervisa occurs in Southern Europe in mountainous mixed coniferous forests, and is not confirmed from Northern Europe. Inocybe rivularis occurs in northern boreal forests up to the lower alp...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Russula velenovskyi new to Japan, with phylogenetic implications of Russula species between Japanese subalpine forests and Northern Europe
Publication date: July 2018Source: Mycoscience, Volume 59, Issue 4Author(s): Yoshito Shimono, Taiga Kasuya, Susumu TakamatsuAbstractTo compare morphological characters and phylogenetic placement between Japanese and European Russula, 32 specimens of 12 species were collected from Japanese subalpine forests and Northern Europe. Several sequences of nrDNA ITS region (ITS) of these Russula species were obtained. High homological similarities were shown between ITS sequences of several Russula samples collected from Japanese subalpine forests, Europe and North America. These facts show distribution of the same Russula species ...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Herpobasidium filicinum (Eocronartiaceae, Platygloeales) occurs on Dennstaedtia wilfordii (Dennstaedtiaceae) in Japan
Publication date: Available online 2 July 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Taiga Kasuya, Yoshitaka OnoAbstractA fungus parasitic on a fern, Dennstaedtia wilfordii (Dennstaedtiaceae), was found at the foothill of Mt. Fuji, Yamanashi Prefecture, Japan. Its hyphae spread within host mesophyll cells and through intercellular spaces, forming coiled haustoria in the epidermal and mesophyll cells. The hyphae emerged either through stomata or by disrupting epidermal cell junctions. The hyphae spreading over the abaxial leaf surface generated one-septate, thin-walled basidia. All the morphological features observed were characteri...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Morphological and molecular characterization of the strawberry black leaf spot pathogen referred to as the strawberry pathotype of Alternaria alternata
Publication date: Available online 3 July 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Junji Nishikawa, Chiharu NakashimaAbstractThe remaining unclarified taxon among the seven known pathotypes of host-selective toxin (HST)-producing Alternaria alternata, namely, the strawberry pathotype (the strawberry black leaf spot pathogen), is taxonomically revised and re-described herein. According to our morphological observations, reference isolates of strawberry and Japanese pear pathotypes, which are toxic to leaves of Japanese pear ‘Nijisseiki’, have conidia that are formed in chains of 3–13, usually without lateral branches, after ...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Hygrophorus yukishiro sp. nov., a new vernal edible mushroom from Nagano Prefecture, Japan
Publication date: Available online 4 July 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Naoki Endo, Rikiya Tokoo, Masaki Fukuda, Akiyoshi YamadaAbstractA novel basidiomycetous species, Hygrophorus yukishiro, is described from Japan. The basidiomata of this fungus have been referred to as “yuki-shiro”, “yuki-take”, and “yuki-wari”, and used as an edible mushroom in the central region of Nagano, Japan. Hygrophorus yukishiro fruits in the early spring season under oak-dominated stands. Morphological and phylogenetic analyses of the internal transcribed spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene indicated that H. yukishir...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Detection of a root-associated group of Hyaloscyphaceae (Helotiales) species that commonly colonizes Fagaceae roots and description of three new species in genus Glutinomyces
Publication date: Available online 9 July 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Noritaka Nakamura, Tsuyoshi Hosoya, Chihiro Tanaka, Yuko Takeuchi-KanekoAbstractWe used a culture-dependent approach to investigate root-associated fungal communities in Fagaceae roots at four fagaceous species-dominant forests in Japan. In total 1029 isolates were collected and classified, based on colony morphological features and molecular information. Species of order Helotiales (Ascomycota) were dominantly isolated at all four sites, in which a globally-distributed putative endophytic group in Hyaloscyphaceae predominated. This group of fungi ...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Predicted potential distribution of Sydowia japonica in Japan
Publication date: Available online 22 March 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Hayato Masuya, Yu Ichihara, Takuya Aikawa, Yukiko Takahashi, Takanori KubonoAbstractSydowia japonica, a dothidealean fungus, is a parasite that is specific to the male strobili of Japanese cedar. The fungus is a candidate for the control of Japanese cedar pollen dispersal, which is a cause of pollinosis. To evaluate S. japonica for bioherbicidal applications, it is necessary to characterise its potential distribution and environmental niche. Here, we predicted the distribution of S. japonica in Japan using field surveys and a maximum entropy mode...
Source: Mycoscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Lepidoderma cristatosporum, a new species of myxomycete from Australia
Publication date: Available online 22 March 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Gabriel Moreno, Ángela López-Villalba, Steven Lee Stephenson, Aurelio CastilloAbstractA new species of myxomycete, Lepidoderma cristatosporum, is described from Australia. This species is represented by material collected on subantarctic Macquarie Island. Photographs of fruiting bodies and morphological features as observed under light microscopy are provided, along with micrographs of spore ornamentation as observed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the new species is compared with other taxa belonging to the genera Lepidoderma and...
Source: Mycoscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Geographical distribution of myxomycetes living on Cryptomeria japonica bark in Japan
Publication date: Available online 22 March 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Kazunari Takahashi, Yuichi Harakon, Yu FukasawaAbstractThere is little available data on the biogeography of myxomycetes at the regional scale within any given climate zone. To investigate the geographical distribution of these protozoans, we focused on corticolous myxomycetes associated with the bark of Cryptomeria japonica trees, which we sampled extensively throughout Japan. Myxomycete sporophores developed in 73% of 2244 moist-chamber cultures of 188 bark samples from 24 regions, including 31 species. The most abundant species were Paradiache...
Source: Mycoscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Homeobox transcription factor CoHox3 is essential for appressorium formation in the plant pathogenic fungus Colletotrichum orbiculare
In this study, we functionally analyzed one of the C. orbiculare homeobox gene named CoHox3 (Colletotrichum orbiculare Homeobox transcription factor 3) during the infection process. CoHox3 knockout mutants were non-pathogenic on host leaves (inoculated with 1.0 × 104 conidia/mL). Conidia of CoHox3 mutants germinated and/or formed lightly pigmented structures, but did not form mature appressoria on glass slides, artificial membranes, or host leaves. Only 0.3–0.6% of germinated conidia of CoHox3 mutants formed infection hyphae on host leaves. Green fluorescent protein-based expression experiments showed that germinat...
Source: Mycoscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Isolation and antimicrobial activities of fungi derived from Nymphaea lotus and Nymphaea stellata
This study aimed to isolate fungi from leaves, petals, stalks and stamens of Nymphaea lotus and Nymphaea stellata and explore their bioactive potential with respect to antimicrobial activity and their cytotoxicity on human cell lines. The totals of 210 fungal isolates were obtained from 640 segments. The highest isolation rate was found in petal segments (0.44), while stamens yielded the lowest isolation rate (0.13). One hundred and ninety–five fungal extracts were evaluated for their efficiency against ten pathogenic microorganisms by colorimetric broth microdilution tests. Cell hexane extract from Eupenicillium levitum...
Source: Mycoscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Relationship between saccharifying capacity and isolation sources for strains of the Rhizopus arrhizus complex
Publication date: Available online 14 April 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Ling-Dan Yao, Xiao Ju, Timothy Y. James, Jun-Zhi Qiu, Xiao-Yong LiuAbstractTo discover the differences and modes of saccharifying ability among Rhizopus arrhizus strains isolated from various habitats, we grew strains in glutinous rice media to monitor the production of glucose from starch using spectrophotometry at regular time intervals. The saccharifying capacity of R. arrhizus var. delemar was found to be weaker than that of var. arrhizus and var. tonkinensis. These data provide additional phenotypic support for recognization of this genetic...
Source: Mycoscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Inonotus taiwanensis sp. nov. (Basidiomycota) from Taiwan
Publication date: Available online 16 April 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Sheng-Hua Wu, Yu-Ting Lin, Chi-Liang Chern, Shin-Yi KeAbstractInonotus taiwanensis (Hymenochaetales) is described as a new species collected from southern Taiwan, and all specimens grew on the trunk of Trema tomentosa. This new species is characterized by having resupinate, effuse-reflexed to pileate basidiocarps, bright yellow context, long setal hyphae in context and trama, setae in hymenium and trama, and fairly small basidiospores. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference phylogenies inferred from both sequences of 28S and internal transcrib...
Source: Mycoscience - July 5, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
