A short LysM protein with high molecular diversity from an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis
Publication date: Available online 22 September 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Alexa M. Schmitz, Teresa E. Pawlowska, Maria J. HarrisonAbstractArbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi form an intimate symbiosis with roots of more than 80% of land plants without eliciting a significant defense response, and how they do so is yet to be determined. Typically, plants mount a defense response upon sensing chitin in fungal walls, and to counteract this response, plant-pathogenic fungi secrete small effector proteins with chitin-binding LysM domains. In the AM fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis, a small, putatively-secreted LysM protein...
Source: Mycoscience - October 5, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Variable-number tandem repeat loci-discriminating Pleurotus ostreatus cultivars
Publication date: Available online 27 September 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Bokyung Park, Byeong Seuk Ha, Song Hee Lee, Min-Keun Kim, Jong In Choi, Jae-San RyuAbstractPleurotus ostreatus is one of the most important edible mushrooms. Many cultivars have been bred to meet consumer needs. The identification of cultivars based on the morphological characteristics is restricted because fruiting bodies are frequently capricious due to environmental conditions; accordingly, sequence-based methods are required. A total of 546 simple sequence repeat primers derived from the P. ostreatus genome were screened, and one primer, ...
Source: Mycoscience - October 5, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Three new species in the genus Tulasnella isolated from orchid mycorrhiza of Spiranthes sinensis var. amoena (Orchidaceae)
In this study, the monilioid cell chain morphology is newly defined, and is suggested as a useful taxonomic characteristic in the asexual stage of Tulasnella spp. (Source: Mycoscience)
Source: Mycoscience - September 22, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
The ectomycorrhizal fungus Tricholoma matsutake biosynthesizes benzoic acid and benzaldehyde independently
Publication date: Available online 21 September 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Takefumi Hattori, Hiromitsu Tsuzuki, Honoka Nakai, Chie TanakaAbstractMetabolism of benzoic acids and benzaldehydes are crucial to produce hormones, defense compounds and attractants for pollinators in plants. Tricholoma matsutake contains benzoic acid and benzaldehyde, but their roles have not been fully studied. First we conducted tracer experiments to gain insight into benzoic acid and benzaldehyde biosynthesis in T. matsutake. 13C and 2H were incorporated into benzoic acid from uniformly 13C- and 2H- labelled l-phenylalanine and (E)-cinna...
Source: Mycoscience - September 22, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Efficient establishment of pure cultures of yellow chanterelle Cantharellus anzutake from ectomycorrhizal root tips, and morphological characteristics of ectomycorrhizae and cultured mycelium
We report an efficient isolation technique of the Japanese golden chanterelle, Cantharellus anzutake, from its ectomycorrhizal root tips. Field-sampled fresh ectomycorrhizal root tips of C. anzutake on various hosts such as pines, spruce, and oaks were vortexed with 0.005% Tween 80 solution, surface sterilized with 1% calcium hypochlorite solution, rinsed with sterilized distilled water, and placed on modified Norkrans’ C (MNC) agar plate medium. Most ectomycorrhizal root tips of C. anzutake produced yellowish mycelial colonies within a few months. In contrast, tissue isolation from basidiomata provided limited cultures ...
Source: Mycoscience - September 21, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Bacterial community on ectomycorrhizal roots of Laccaria laccata in a chestnut plantation
This study investigated the bacterial communities present on the ectomycorrhizal roots of Laccaria laccata using culture- and cloning-based methods. One soil core was collected from five locations where sporocarps of L. laccata occurred in a chestnut plantation. A total of 10 and 50 ectomycorrhizal root tips of L. laccata were collected from each soil core and subjected to bacterial isolation and cloning. In total, 223 isolates were classified into 35 molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs). The majority of MOTUs were infrequent, whereas one MOTU each of Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium were common across the sampling lo...
Source: Mycoscience - September 7, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
A new Mycena species with blue basidiomata and porioid hymenophore from Taiwan
Publication date: Available online 4 September 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Cia Ling Wei, Roland KirschnerAbstractA small blue stipitate-pileate mushroom with porioid hymenophore was found on dead Calamus sp. (Arecaceae) in Taiwan. Microscopic characteristics indicated a placement within the Mycenaceae. ITS as well as partial LSU ribosomal RNA gene sequences analyses showed a close relationship with Mycena illuminans within the Mycenaceae. A new species with completely blue basidiomata, Mycena indigotica, is proposed based on morphological and molecular evidence. (Source: Mycoscience)
Source: Mycoscience - September 5, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Genetic diversity, core collection and breeding history of Pleurotus ostreatus in China
In this study, 91 strains of P. ostreatus, including 57 cultivated and 34 wild strains, were analysed using 21 simple sequence repeat markers developed from the genomic sequence of “P. cf. floridanus”. Among the cultivated strains, 46 were found to possess different allelic patterns. The remaining 11 strains were clustered into five groups, each with their own private alleles, suggesting that 10.5% (6/57) of the cultivated strains were previously labelled with improper names. Our analyses indicate that wild strains harbored greater genetic diversity than the cultivated strains. With regard to the cultivation history o...
Source: Mycoscience - September 4, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Pathogenicity and taxonomy of Tenuignomonia styracis gen. et sp. nov., a new monotypic genus of Gnomoniaceae on Styrax obassia in Japan
Publication date: Available online 11 August 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Ayaka Minoshima, Donald M. Walker, Shuhei Takemoto, Tsuyoshi Hosoya, Allison K. Walker, Seiju Ishikawa, Yuuri HirookaAbstractSince 2010, an unknown fungus in the Gnomoniaceae has been found on overwintered leaves and petioles of Styrax obassia (Styracaceae) in Japan. This fungus is characterized by dark brown immersed or partially erumpent ascomata with long necks and fusiform to obovoid asci each with an acute or long tapering stipe. Each ascus bears eight fusiform to filiform ascospores. Our morphological observation and phylogenetic analyses ...
Source: Mycoscience - September 3, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Pathogenicity and taxonomy of Tenuignomonia styracis gen. et sp. nov, a new monotypic genus of Gnomoniaceae on Styrax obassia in Japan
Publication date: Available online 11 August 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Ayaka Minoshima, Donald M. Walker, Shuhei Takemoto, Tsuyoshi Hosoya, Allison K. Walker, Seiju Ishikawa, Yuuri HirookaAbstractSince 2010, an unknown fungus in the Gnomoniaceae has been found on overwintered leaves and petioles of Styrax obassia (Styracaceae) in Japan. This fungus is characterized by dark brown immersed or partially erumpent ascomata with long necks and fusiform to obovoid asci each with an acute or long tapering stipe. Each ascus bears eight fusiform to filiform ascospores. Our morphological observation and phylogenetic analyses ...
Source: Mycoscience - August 12, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Obituary Dr. Robert W. Lichtwardt 1924–2018
Publication date: Available online 29 July 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Hiroki Sato (Source: Mycoscience)
Source: Mycoscience - July 29, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Citeromyces cibodasensis sp. nov., a novel yeast species isolated from leaf litter in Indonesia
Publication date: Available online 13 July 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Atit Kanti, Atsushi Yamazaki, Hiroko KawasakiAbstractA novel yeast species was isolated from leaf litter of Macropanax dispermus obtained from the Cibodas Botanical Garden, West Java, Indonesia. The two strains of the species displayed typical characteristics of the genus Citeromyces. Phylogenetic analysis based on the gene sequences of the D1/D2 domains of large subunit (LSU) rDNA, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) including 5.8S rDNA, mitochondrial small-subunit rRNA gene (MtSm), and translation elongation factor-1α (EF-1α) showed that the nov...
Source: Mycoscience - July 13, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Predicted potential distribution of Sydowia japonica in Japan
Publication date: Available online 22 March 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Hayato Masuya, Yu Ichihara, Takuya Aikawa, Yukiko Takahashi, Takanori KubonoAbstractSydowia japonica, a dothidealean fungus, is a parasite that is specific to the male strobili of Japanese cedar. The fungus is a candidate for the control of Japanese cedar pollen dispersal, which is a cause of pollinosis. To evaluate S. japonica for bioherbicidal applications, it is necessary to characterise its potential distribution and environmental niche. Here, we predicted the distribution of S. japonica in Japan using field surveys and a maximum entropy mode...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Lepidoderma cristatosporum, a new species of myxomycete from Australia
Publication date: Available online 22 March 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Gabriel Moreno, Ángela López-Villalba, Steven Lee Stephenson, Aurelio CastilloAbstractA new species of myxomycete, Lepidoderma cristatosporum, is described from Australia. This species is represented by material collected on subantarctic Macquarie Island. Photographs of fruiting bodies and morphological features as observed under light microscopy are provided, along with micrographs of spore ornamentation as observed by scanning electron microscopy. In addition, the new species is compared with other taxa belonging to the genera Lepidoderma and...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Geographical distribution of myxomycetes living on Cryptomeria japonica bark in Japan
Publication date: Available online 22 March 2018Source: MycoscienceAuthor(s): Kazunari Takahashi, Yuichi Harakon, Yu FukasawaAbstractThere is little available data on the biogeography of myxomycetes at the regional scale within any given climate zone. To investigate the geographical distribution of these protozoans, we focused on corticolous myxomycetes associated with the bark of Cryptomeria japonica trees, which we sampled extensively throughout Japan. Myxomycete sporophores developed in 73% of 2244 moist-chamber cultures of 188 bark samples from 24 regions, including 31 species. The most abundant species were Paradiache...
Source: Mycoscience - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
