Standardized methods must be used to compare the properties of botulinum toxin serotypes
(Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - December 20, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Andy Pickett Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Detection of the mcr ‐1 gene in colistin‐resistant Escherichia coli from retail meat in Japan
In this study, the presence of the mcr‐1 gene in Escherichia coli from retail meat in Japan was investigated. Nine E. coli isolates (eight from chickens and one from pork) carried the mcr‐1 gene on the plasmid. In six isolates from domestic chickens, mcr‐1 was located on the IncI2 plasmid, which is approximately 60 kb in size. In the remaining three isolates from imported chicken and pork, mcr‐1 was located on the IncX4 plasmid (30 kb). (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - December 20, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yukari Nishino, Yukako Shimojima, Yasunori Suzuki, Miki Ida, Rie Fukui, Sumiyo Kuroda, Akihiko Hirai, Kenji Sadamasu Tags: Note Source Type: research
Issue Information – Cover
Cover photograph: A confocal image showing phosphorylated AKT (Ser473) in dHL‐60 cells treated with TDM and fMLP. Immunostaining was performed on fixed cells using an antibody against human phospho‐AKT. Nuclei were stained with DAPI. Microbiol Immunol: 61: 523‐530. Article link here. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - December 20, 2017 Category: Microbiology Tags: Cover Image Source Type: research
Evaluation of consistency in quantification of gene copy number by real ‐time reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction and virus titer by plaque‐forming assay for human respiratory syncytial virus
In conclusion, RT‐qPCR measurement of RSV gene copy number was highly dependent on viral titer, and the detailed comparison of between each gene copy number and virus titer should be useful and supportive in confirming RSV plaque‐forming assay and virus dynamics. The technique may also be used to estimate the amount of RSV present in clinical specimens. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - December 20, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Keisuke Yamamoto, Noriko Ogasawara, Soh Yamamoto, Kenichi Takano, Tsukasa Shiraishi, Toyotaka Sato, Hiroyuki Tsutsumi, Tetsuo Himi, Shin ‐ichi Yokota Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Multivalency effects of hemagglutinin component of type B botulinum neurotoxin complex on epithelial barrier disruption
In this study, we investigated how the multivalency effect of HA influences its barrier‐disrupting activity. We prepared type B full‐length HA (three‐arm form) and mini‐HA, which is a deletion mutant lacking the trimer‐forming domain. Size‐exclusion chromatography analysis showed that mini‐HA exists as dimers (two‐arm form) and monomers (one‐arm form), which are then separated. We examined the multivalency effect of HA on the barrier‐disrupting activity, the E‐cadherin‐binding activity, and the attachment activity to the basolateral cell surface. Our results showed that HA initially attaches to the ...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - December 20, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Sho Amatsu, Takuhiro Matsumura, Masahiro Yutani, Yukako Fujinaga Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
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Microbiology and Immunology,Volume 62, Issue 2, Page 71-79, February 2018. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - December 11, 2017 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Errata of Candida auris sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast isolated from the external ear canal of an inpatient in a Japanese hospital
ABSTRACT
Candida auris, which we described in 2009 (1), has become a global health threat (2). Due to the increasing interest in C. auris, we have received a number of questions regarding this topic. On re‐examining the data to respond to these queries, a single important error was found in our manuscript. Therefore, we have issued an erratum. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - December 1, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kazuo Satoh, Takashi Tamura, Koichi Makimura Tags: Letter to the Editor Source Type: research
Soybean oil containing ginseng saponins as adjuvants promotes production of cytokines and enhances immune responses to foot ‐and‐mouth disease vaccine
ABSTRACT
The adjuvant effect of soybean oil containing ginseng root saponins (SO‐GS‐R) on the immune response to foot‐and‐mouth disease vaccine (FMDV) in mice was investigated in this study. When immunized with FMDV antigen emulsified in an SO‐GS‐R formulation, mice generated remarkably higher serum antibody and cytokine responses than mice immunized with FMDV antigen alone. To elucidate the mechanisms underlying the adjuvant effect of SO‐GS‐R, we measured cytokines in the serum and muscle tissue after intramuscular injection of SO‐GS‐R. The results showed that injection of SO‐GS‐R significantly inc...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - December 1, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Cenrong Zhang, Wei Xu, Jian Chen, Ran Guan, Shicheng Bi, Haibo Jin, Xuemei Cui, Fushan Shi, Songhua Hu Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Attenuated accumulation of Treg cells and reduced production of IL ‐10 lead to the exacerbation of tissue injury in a mouse model of ARDS
ABSTRACT
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a pathological condition that involves diffuse lung injury and severe hypoxemia caused by pulmonary and systemic diseases. We have established a mouse model of severe ARDS, developed by intratracheal injection of α‐galactosylceramide (α‐GalCer), an activator of natural killer T (NKT) cells, followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). In the present study, we used this model to investigate the regulatory mechanism in the early inflammatory response during acute lung injury. In α‐GalCer/LPS‐treated mice, the number of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T (Treg) cells and th...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - December 1, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Masahiko Toyama, Daisuke Kudo, Tetsuji Aoyagi, Tomomitsu Miyasaka, Keiko Ishii, Emi Kanno, Mitsuo Kaku, Shigeki Kushimoto, Kazuyoshi Kawakami Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
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Microbiology and Immunology,Volume 62, Issue 2, Page 132-136, February 2018. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - November 30, 2017 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
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Microbiology and Immunology,Volume 62, Issue 2, Page 99-110, February 2018. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - November 29, 2017 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Hot ‐water Extract of Sanguisorba officinalis Ameliorates Endotoxin‐induced Septic Shock by Inhibiting Inflammasome Activation
ABSTRACT
The inflammasome is a multiprotein signaling complex that mediates inflammatory innate immune responses through caspase 1 activation and subsequent IL‐1β secretion. Nonetheless, its aberrant activation often leads to inflammatory diseases. Therefore, targeting the inflammasome holds promise for the treatment of inflammation‐related diseases. Our study showed that a hot‐water extract of Sanguisorba officinalis (HSO) effectively suppressed inflammasome activation triggered by ATP, nigericin, microbial pathogens, and dsDNA in bone marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDMs). HSO significantly suppressed IL‐1β prod...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - November 29, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Dong ‐Won Seo, Yong‐Il Cho, Suna Gu, Da‐Hee Kim, Young‐Joo Yi, Sang‐Myeong Lee Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Evaluation of Francisella tularensis δpdpC as a candidate live attenuated vaccine against respiratory challenge of Tularemia in C57BL/6J mouse model
ABSTRACT
Francisella tularensis, which causes tularemia, is an intracellular and Gram‐negative bacterium. F. tularensis has received significant attention in recent decades because of their history as biological weapons. Thus, the development of novel vaccines directed against tularemia has been an important goal. The attenuated F. tularensis strain δpdpC, in which the pathogenicity determinant protein C gene (pdpC) was disrupted by TargeTron mutagenesis, was investigated as a potential vaccine candidate for tularemia in the present study. C57BL/6J mice immunized subcutaneously with 1 × 106 colony‐forming units (CFUs...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - November 24, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Deyu Tian, Akihiko Uda, Eun ‐sil Park, Akitoyo Hotta, Osamu Fujita, Akio Yamada, Kazuhiro Hirayama, Kozue Hotta, Yuuki Koyama, Mika Azaki, Shigeru Morikawa Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Angiotensin II –C–C chemokine receptor2/5 axis‐dependent monocyte/macrophage recruitment contributes to progression of experimental autoimmune myocarditis
ABSTRACT
Angiotensin II (ANG II) plays critical roles in modulation of circulatory homeostasis and activation of innate and adaptive immunity and has also been implicated in several mouse models of autoimmune disease. However, how ANG II regulates macrophages and is involved in development of experimental autoimmune myocarditis (EAM) remains unclear. Therefore, the present study aimed to address the above question and explore possible mechanisms. EAM was induced in BALB/c mice. ANG II was quantitated by ELISA and hematoxylin and eosin staining was employed to analyze pathological changes and macrophage infiltration. The ch...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - November 17, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Hongxiang Lu, Gangjun Zong, Shanshan Zhou, Yuanyuan Jiang, Rong Chen, Zhaoliang Su, Yan Wu Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Issue Information – Instruction for Authors
(Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - November 16, 2017 Category: Microbiology Tags: Issue Information – Instruction for Authors Source Type: research
