Characterization of an anti ‐varicella‐zoster virus compound that targets the portal protein encoded by ORF54
ABSTRACT
An anti‐varicella‐zoster virus compound, a 5‐chlorobenzo[b]thiophen derivative (45B5), was characterized. Its 50% effective concentration against the cell‐free vaccine Oka strain and 50% cytotoxic concentration in human fibroblasts were 16.9 μM and more than 100 μM, respectively. Treatment with 45B5 decreased viral DNA synthesis as well as IE62 expression weakly but significantly. All 45B5‐resistant viral clones isolated had at least one mutation in ORF54 that encodes the portal protein. There were no effects on the interaction of the portal protein with the scaffold protein. We hypothesize that 45B5 i...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - August 1, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Ruka Yasui, Chinatsu Yoshida, Toyofumi Yamaguchi, Naoki Inoue Tags: Note Source Type: research
Issue Information – Instruction for Authors
(Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - July 13, 2017 Category: Microbiology Tags: Issue Information – Instruction for Authors Source Type: research
Interleukin ‐17‐induced expression of monocyte chemoattractant protein‐1 in cardiac myocytes requires nuclear factor κB through the phosphorylation of p65
In conclusion, expression of MCP‐1 induced by IL‐17 requires NF‐κB through the phosphorylation of p65 in cardiac myocytes, which is meaningful to study the onset of chronic viral myocarditis and will provide a new target for the treatment of viral myocarditis. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - July 13, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yan Shen, Xin Xie, Zhuolun Li, Yan Huang, Li Ma, Xinhe Shen, Yanyue Liu, Yuxia Zhao Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
A Chimeric protein of CFA/I, CS6 subunits and LTB/STa toxoid protects immunized mice against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
ABSTRACT
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli (ETEC) strains are the commonest bacteria causing diarrhea in children in developing countries and travelers to these areas. Colonization factors (CFs) and enterotoxins are the main virulence determinants in ETEC pathogenesis. Heterogeneity of CFs is commonly considered the bottleneck to developing an effective vaccine. It is believed that broad spectrum protection against ETEC would be achieved by induced anti‐CF and anti‐enterotoxin immunity simultaneously. Here, a fusion antigen strategy was used to construct a quadrivalent recombinant protein called 3CL and composed of CfaB...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - July 13, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Narges Zeinalzadeh, Ali Hatef Salmanian, Goli Goujani, Jafar Amani, Ghasem Ahangari, Asal Akhavian, Mahyat Jafari Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Adenovirus vector expressing keratinocyte growth factor using CAG promoter impairs pulmonary function of mice with elastase ‐induced emphysema
ABSTRACT
Pulmonary emphysema impairs quality of life and increases mortality. It has previously been shown that administration of adenovirus vector expressing murine keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) before elastase instillation prevents pulmonary emphysema in mice. We therefore hypothesized that therapeutic administration of KGF would restore damage to lungs caused by elastase instillation and thus improve pulmonary function in an animal model. KGF expressing adenovirus vector, which prevented bleomycin‐induced pulmonary fibrosis in a previous study, was constructed. Adenovirus vector (1.0 × 109 plaque‐forming uni...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - July 13, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Hiroshi Oki, Takuya Yazawa, Yasuko Baba, Yumi Kanegae, Hanako Sato, Seiko Sakamoto, Takahisa Goto, Izumu Saito, Kiyoyasu Kurahashi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
First isolation of Rickettsia monacensis from a patient in South Korea
This study confirms the pathogenicity of this agent and provides additional information about its geographic distribution. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - July 13, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yeon ‐Sook Kim, Yeon‐Joo Choi, Kyung‐Min Lee, Kyu‐Joong Ahn, Heung‐Chul Kim, Terry Klein, Ju Jiang, Allen Richards, Kyung‐Hee Park, Won‐Jong Jang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Issue Information – Cover
Cover photograph: Immunohistochemical analysis of KGF expression. Sections of lung tissue harvested 1 week after KGF‐expressing adenovirus vector administration; elastase was instilled 1 week prior to vector administration. Diffuse hyperplasia of cuboidal cells positive for KGF was observed in the alveolar region. Microbiol Immunol: 61: 264–271. Article link here. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - July 13, 2017 Category: Microbiology Tags: Cover Image Source Type: research
Characterization of H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses isolated from wild and captive birds in the winter season of 2016 –2017 in northern Japan
ABSTRACT
On November 15, 2016, a suspected case of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in a dead black swan was reported from a zoo in Akita prefecture, northern Japan, and an HPAI virus (HPAIV) belonging to the H5N6 subtype was isolated from specimens taken from the bird. After the initial report, 230 cases of HPAI caused by H5N6 viruses were reported from wild birds, captive birds, and domestic poultry farms throughout the country during the winter season. In the present study, we further characterized 66 H5N6 HPAIVs isolated from northern Japan. Phylogenetic analysis of the hemagglutinin gene showed that the H5N6 v...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - July 1, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Takahiro Hiono, Masatoshi Okamatsu, Keita Matsuno, Atsushi Haga, Ritsuko Iwata, Lam Thanh Nguyen, Mizuho Suzuki, Yuto Kikutani, Hiroshi Kida, Manabu Onuma, Yoshihiro Sakoda Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Generation of a non ‐transmissive Borna disease virus vector lacking both matrix and glycoprotein genes
In this study, we report a novel non‐transmissive rBoDV, rBoDV ΔMG, which lacks both matrix (M) and G genes in the genome. The rBoDV‐ΔMG expressing green fluorescence protein (GFP), rBoDV ΔMG‐GFP, was efficiently generated in Vero/MG cells stably expressing both BoDV M and G proteins. The infection of rBoDV ΔMG‐GFP was persistently maintained in the parent Vero cells without propagation within the cell culture. We also demonstrated an optimal ratio between M and G for efficient viral particle production by transient transfection of M and G expression plasmids into cells persistently infected with rBoDV ΔMG‐G...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - July 1, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kan Fujino, Yusuke Yamamoto, Takuji Daito, Akiko Makino, Tomoyuki Honda, Keizo Tomonaga Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Protective effects of in vivo ‐expressed autotransporters against Bordetella pertussis infection
ABSTRACT
Bordetella pertussis causes whooping cough, a severe and prolonged respiratory disease that results in high morbidity and mortality rates, particularly in developing countries. The number of whooping cough cases is increasing in many countries despite high vaccine coverage. Causes for the re‐emergence of the disease include the limited duration of protection conferred by the acellular pertussis vaccines (aP) and pathogenic adaptations that involve antigenic divergence from vaccine strains. Therefore, current vaccines need to be improved. In the present study, we focused on five autotransporters: SphB1, BatB, Sph...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - July 1, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Koichiro Suzuki, Naoaki Shinzawa, Keisuke Ishigaki, Keiji Nakamura, Hiroyuki Abe, Aya Fukui ‐Miyazaki, Kazuyoshi Ikuta, Yasuhiko Horiguchi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Molecular characterization of Streptococcus pneumoniae, particularly serotype19A/ST320, that emerged in Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae, a common human pathogen, colonizes the nasopharynx and causes diseases including acute otitis media (AOM). We herein report pneumococcal serotype distributions in children before and after PCV7 vaccination and in patients with pneumococcal disease in Siberian Russia (Krasnoyarsk). Analyses included antimicrobial susceptibility testing, ST typing, a pulsed‐field gel electrophoresis analysis, virulence‐related surface protein gene (VSG) typing with novel primers, and a structural analysis by scanning electron microscopy. A major pneumococcal genotype was drug‐susceptible serotype23F/S...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - July 1, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Irina N. Protasova, Tsai ‐Wen Wan, Natalya V. Bakhareva, Wei‐Chun Hung, Wataru Higuchi, Yasuhisa Iwao, Tatyana A. Yelistratova, Natalya A. Ilyenkova, Yelena S. Sokolovskaya, Galina P. Martynova, Ivan V. Reva, Galina V. Reva, Sergey V. Sidorenko, Lee Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Elevated levels of IL ‐22‐ and IL‐17A‐producing T helper cells in cholangiocarcinomarelated to liver fluke infection
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) associated with liver fluke infection appears to involve inflammatory and immune processes, but whether these involve the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A) and proliferative cytokine interleukin‐22 (IL‐22) is unclear.We compared levels of IL‐22‐ or IL‐17A‐producing T helper cells and cytokine levels in 30 CCA patients with long‐term liver fluke infection, 40 patients with liver‐fluke infection but not CCA and 16 healthy controls. Analyses were performed using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, ELISA and RT‐PCR. Immunohistochemical staining showed th...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - July 1, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Si ‐Biao Su, Jian‐Feng Zhang, Fei‐Fei Huang, Yu Cen, Hai‐Xing Jiang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
A detection method for the rash and fever illness ‐associated viruses using multiplex RT‐PCR
ABSTRACT
To detect various viral genes in the patients with rash and fever illness (RFI), a new multiplex (reverse transcription) polymerase chain reaction [(RT)‐PCR] method was constructed. New primer sets were designed for the detection of herpes simplex viruses 1 and 2 (HSV1 and 2), and Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV). The newly designed and previously reported primer sets were used to detect 13 types of RFI‐associated viruses by multiplex (RT)‐PCR assay systems. Moreover, to eliminate non‐specific PCR products, a double‐stranded specific DNase was used for the digestion of double‐stranded DNA derived from the te...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - July 1, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yuki Matsushima, Tomomi Shimizu, Ikuko Doi, Fuminori Mizukoshi, Koo Nagasawa, Akihide Ryo, Hideaki Shimizu, Masae Kobayashi, Keiji Funatogawa, Noriko Nagata, Mariko Ishikawa, Ayako Komane, Nobuhiko Okabe, Yoshio Mori, Makoto Takeda, Hirokazu Kimura Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Issue Information – Instruction for Authors
(Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - June 13, 2017 Category: Microbiology Tags: Issue Information – Instruction for Authors Source Type: research
Higher viral load and genetic diversity of HIV ‐1 in seminal compartments than in blood of seven Chinese men who have sex with men and have early HIV‐1 infection
In this study, genetic diversity and viral load of HIV‐1 in the seminal compartments and blood of Chinese MSM with early HIV‐1 infection were examined. Viral load and genetic diversity of HIV‐1 in paired samples of semen and blood were analyzed in seven MSM with early HIV‐1 infection. HIV‐1 RNA and DNA were quantitated by real‐time PCR assays. Through sequencing the C2‐V5 region of the HIV‐1 env gene, the HIV‐1 genotype and genetic diversity based on V3 loop amino acid sequences were determined by using Geno2pheno and PSSM programs co‐receptor usage. It was found that there was more HIV‐1 RNA in semin...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - June 13, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yan ‐Mei Jiao, Guang‐Lei Chen, Wei‐Jun Zhu, Hui‐huang Huang, Jun‐liang Fu, Wei‐wei Chen, Ming Shi, Tong Zhang, Hao Wu, Fu‐Sheng Wang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
