Pathogenic mechanisms of invasive group A Streptococcus (GAS) infections by influenza virus ‐GAS superinfection
ABSTRACT
Group A Streptococcus (GAS) are pathogenic bacteria of the genus Streptococcus, and cause severe invasive GAS infections that comprise a wide range of diverse diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, renal failure, toxic shock‐like syndrome (TSLS), sepsis, cellulitis, and necrotizing fasciitis. The essential virulence, infected host, and external environmental factors required for invasive GAS infections still have not known. We demonstrated that superinfection with influenza virus and GAS induced invasive GAS infections in a mouse model, and then several investigators reported clinical cases of ...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - January 1, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Shigefumi Okamoto, Satoshi Nagase Tags: Review Source Type: research
Utility of neutralization test for the laboratory diagnosis of suspected mumps cases
This study was performed to determine the diagnostic utility of a focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT) in comparison to MuV specific commercial IgM and IgG antibody enzyme immunoassays (EIA) in the suspected patients. One hundred‐eighty six samples collected from mumps outbreak during 2012‐16 were used for study. Samples (n=80) were tested by all the three serological assays, shows 70.4%, 83% and 92.5% positivity by IgM EIA, IgG and FRNT, respectively. Altogether 58.8% samples (n=47) were found positive in all three assays. Concordance between mumps RT‐PCR and IgM EIA is highest during first 2‐5 days and it d...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - January 1, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Sunil R. Vaidya, Venkat S. Hamde, Neelakshi S. Kumbhar, Atul M. Walimbe Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Reactive oxygen species ‐induced parthanatos of immunocytes by human cytomegalovirus‐associated substance
We report here HCMVAIS‐induced cell death accompanied by PARP‐1 activation in a caspase‐independent manner, the nuclear translocation of apoptosis‐inducing factor (AIF), and DNA fragmentation, which are typical features of parthanatos. Treatment with an AIF inhibitor decreased the rate of HCMVAIS‐induced cell death. This event was confirmed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining; cell death in most HCMV‐positive foci was TUNEL‐positive, cleaved caspase 3‐negative, and CD45‐positive in serial section samples of a large intestine with HCMV infection. Taken together, these data suggest that HCMV inhibit...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - January 1, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jung Heon Kim, Jiyeon Kim, Jin Roh, Chan ‐Sik Park, Ju‐Young Seoh, Eung‐Soo Hwang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Roles of the three Mycobacterium smegmatis katG genes for peroxide detoxification and isoniazid susceptibility
ABSTRACT
Three different katG sequences (katGI, katGII, and katGIII) were identified in the Mycobacterium smegmatis genome. The contribution of the three katG genes to survival of the bacterium was examined by constructing gene disruptants of these three genes. The katGIII sequence did not produce a functional catalase‐peroxidase. Analyses of peroxidase activity and mRNA expression revealed that in wild type M. smegmatis, expression dominance between KatGI and KatGII was switched in the exponential growth phase and the stationary growth phase. Susceptibility of the M. smegmatis gene disruptants to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - January 1, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yasuhisa Iwao, Noboru Nakata Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
A role of sialic acid ‐containing glycans of matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP‐9) in the interaction between MMP‐9 and staphylococcal superantigen‐like protein 5 (SSL5)
In this study, we prepared recombinant GST‐tagged SSL5 (GST‐SSL5) and analyzed its binding capacity to MMP‐9 by pull‐down assay after various modifications of its carbohydrate moieties. We observed that GST‐SSL5 specifically bound to MMP‐9 from a human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP‐1 cells) and inhibited its enzymatic activity in a concentration‐dependent manner. After MMP‐9 was treated with neuraminidase, its binding activity towards GST‐SSL5 was markedly decreased. Furthermore, recombinant MMP‐9 produced by sialic acid‐deficient Lec2 mutant cells exhibited much lower affinity for SSL5 than tha...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - January 1, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Chisato Kurisaka, Teruaki Oku, Saotomo Itoh, Tsutomu Tsuji Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Evaluation of viral contamination in a baculovirus expression system
ABSTRACT
Insect expression systems based on baculovirus are widely used for the generation of recombinant proteins. Here, we evaluated the infectivity of baculoviruses under the physiological stresses of ‘freeze– thaw’ and sonication, and the baculoviral contamination of recombinant proteins after protein purification. Our findings suggest that Nonidet™ P‐40 (NP‐40) treatment of baculoviruses completely abolishes their infectivity and that recombinant proteins purified with affinity beads do not include infectious baculoviruses. Therefore, we suggest that baculovirus is completely inactivated by NP‐40 treatme...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - January 1, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Chikako Ono, Junki Hirano, Toru Okamoto, Yoshiharu Matsuura Tags: Note Source Type: research
Evaluation of Francisella tularensis ΔpdpC as a candidate live attenuated vaccine against respiratory challenge by a virulent SCHU P9 strain of Francisella tularensis in a C57BL/6J mouse model
ABSTRACT
Francisella tularensis, which causes tularemia, is an intracellular gram‐negative bacterium. F. tularensis has received significant attention in recent decades because of its history as a biological weapon. Thus, development of novel vaccines against tularemia has been an important goal. The attenuated F. tularensis strain ΔpdpC, in which the pathogenicity determinant protein C gene (pdpC) has been disrupted by TargeTron mutagenesis, was investigated as a potential vaccine candidate for tularemia in the present study. C57BL/6J mice immunized s.c. with 1 × 106 CFUs of ΔpdpC were challenged intranasally wit...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - January 1, 2018 Category: Microbiology Authors: Deyu Tian, Akihiko Uda, Eun ‐sil Park, Akitoyo Hotta, Osamu Fujita, Akio Yamada, Kazuhiro Hirayama, Kozue Hotta, Yuuki Koyama, Mika Azaki, Shigeru Morikawa Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Soybean oil containing ginseng saponins as adjuvants promotes production of cytokines and enhances immune responses to foot ‐and‐mouth disease vaccine
Microbiology and Immunology,Volume 62, Issue 3, Page 187-194, March 2018. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - December 27, 2017 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
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Microbiology and Immunology,Volume 62, Issue 2, Page 111-123, February 2018. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - December 21, 2017 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
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Microbiology and Immunology,Volume 62, Issue 2, Page 124-131, February 2018. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - December 20, 2017 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
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Microbiology and Immunology,Volume 62, Issue 2, Page 80-89, February 2018. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - December 20, 2017 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
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Microbiology and Immunology,Volume 62, Issue 2, Page 90-98, February 2018. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - December 20, 2017 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research
Issue Information – Instruction for Authors
(Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - December 20, 2017 Category: Microbiology Tags: Issue Information – Instruction for Authors Source Type: research
Reviewers
(Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - December 20, 2017 Category: Microbiology Tags: Reviewers Source Type: research
Response to “Standardized methods must be used to compare the properties of botulinum toxin serotypes”
(Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - December 20, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Tomoko Kohda, Keiji Nakamura, Koji Hosomi, Yasushi Torii, Shunji Kozaki, Masafumi Mukamoto Tags: Letter To The Editor Source Type: research
