Unconjugated interferon ‐stimulated gene 15 specifically interacts with the hepatitis C virus NS5A protein via domain I
AbSTRACT
Interferon‐stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) is a ubiquitin‐like protein induced by type I interferon. Although several groups have reported ISGylation of the HCV NS5A protein, it is still unclear whether ISGylation of NS5A has anti‐viral or pro‐viral effects in HCV infection. In the present study, we examined the role of ISGylation‐independent, unconjugated ISG15 in HCV infection. Immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that ISG15 specifically interacted with NS5A domain I. The ISG15 mutants lacking a C‐terminal glycine residue essential for ISGylation still interacted with NS5A protein. Taken together, these ...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - May 1, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Nanae Minami, Takayuki Abe, Lin Deng, Chieko Matsui, Takasuke Fukuhara, Yoshiharu Matsuura, Ikuo Shoji Tags: Note Source Type: research
Adenovirus Vector Expressing Keratinocyte Growth Factor Using CAG Promoter Impaired Pulmonary Function of Elastase ‐induced Emphysema
Abstract
Pulmonary emphysema impairs quality of life and increases mortality. Previous studies demonstrated that administration of KGF before elastase instillation prevented pulmonary emphysema in mice. We hypothesized that KGF could improve pulmonary function, and that the therapeutic administration of KGF would restore damaged lungs caused by elastase instillation in an animal model. We constructed KGF expressing adenovirus vector, which prevented bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis in the previous study. Adenovirus vector (1.0x109 plaque‐forming units) was administered intratracheally one week after the administratio...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - May 1, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Hiroshi Oki, Takuya Yazawa, Yasuko Baba, Yumi Kanegae, Hanako Sato, Seiko Sakamoto, Takahisa Goto, Izumu Saito, Kiyoyasu Kurahashi Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
A Chimeric protein of CFA/I, CS6 subunits and LTB/STa toxoid could protect immunized mice against enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli (ETEC) strains are the most common bacteria causing diarrhea in children in developing countries and travelers to these areas. Colonization factors (CFs) and enterotoxins are the main virulence determinants in ETEC pathogenesis. Heterogeneity of CFs commonly considered as the bottleneck to achieve an effective vaccine. On the other hand, it is believed that a broad spectrum protection against ETEC would be available when the anti‐CF and anti‐enterotoxin immunity were induced simultaneously. Here, the fusion antigen strategy was used to construct a quadrivalent recombinant prote...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - May 1, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Narges Zeinalzadeh, Ali Hatef Salmanian, Goli Goujani, Jafar Amani, Ghasem Ahangari, Asal Akhavian, Mahyat Jafari Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Involvement of herpes simplex virus type 1 UL13 protein kinase in the induction of SOCS genes, the negative regulator of cytokine signaling
In this study, expression of 8 members of the SOCS family by HSV‐1 infection was comparatively analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR. The result showed that SOCS1 and SOCS3 were induced by HSV‐1‐infection at 4 h post infection. However, this induction was not observed in UL13 deficient virus‐infected cells, therefore, UL13 protein kinase was thought to participate in the induction of both genes. The transcription factor Sp1‐binding sites of SOCS3 promoter/enhancer region were identified as the regulatory elements for the induction of SOCS3 in HSV‐1 infected cells. The accumulation of activated Sp1 ...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - April 17, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yuka Sato, Tetsuo Koshizuka, Kei Ishibashi, Koichi Hashimoto, Ken Ishioka, Kazufumi Ikuta, Shin ‐ichi Yokota, Nobuhiro Fujii, Tatsuo Suzutani Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Issue Information – Instruction for Authors
(Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - April 11, 2017 Category: Microbiology Tags: Issue Information – Instruction for Authors Source Type: research
Mechanisms of resistance to quinolones in Salmonella Typhimurium from patients with infectious diarrhea
This study investigated the mechanisms of resistance of 36 quinolone‐resistant Salmonella Typhimurium strains isolated from outpatients with infectious diarrhea in Beijing Tian Tan Hospital between 2013 and 2015. The resistance spectrum of the 36 strains was measured using a broth dilution method. Class 1 integrons harboring the β‐lactamase gene and mutations in quinolone resistance determining regions were also investigated. All 36 quinolone‐resistant Salmonella Typhimurium strains were found to be multidrug‐resistant and the majority of these strains harbored Class 1 integrons. These findings study suggests that...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - April 11, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Jing Yuan, Wei Guo Tags: Note Source Type: research
Dual recombinant Lactococcus lactis for enhanced delivery of DNA vaccine reporter plasmid pPERDBY
ABSTRACT
Food grade Lactococcus lactis has been widely used as an antigen and DNA delivery vehicle. We have previously reported the use of non‐invasive L. lactis to deliver the newly constructed immunostimulatory DNA vaccine reporter plasmid, pPERDBY. In the present report, construction of dual recombinant L. lactis expressing internalin A of Listeria monocytogenes and harboring pPERDBY (LL InlA + pPERDBY) to enhance the efficiency of delivery of DNA by L. lactis is outlined. After confirmation and validation of LL InlA + pPERDBY, its DNA delivery potential was compared with previously developed non‐invasive r...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - April 11, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Bhrugu Yagnik, Drashya Sharma, Harish Padh, Priti Desai Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Issue Information – Cover
Epifluorescence micrograph of EGFP expressing Caco‐2 cells transfected with pGM10 and pPERDBY plasmids isolated from dual recombinant L. lactis (LL InlA+ pPERDBY). Microbiol Immunol: 61: 123–129. (Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - April 11, 2017 Category: Microbiology Tags: Cover Image Source Type: research
Mycoplasma bovis isolates from dairy calves in Japan have reduced susceptibility to all approved macrolides, resulting from a point mutation (G748A) combined with multiple species ‐specific nucleotide alterations in 23S rRNA
In this study, 58 M. bovis isolates obtained from Japanese dairy calves all exhibited reduced susceptibility to these macrolides. The widespread reduced susceptibility to the macrolides resulted from a few dominant lineages. All 58 isolates contained the G748A variant in both the rrl3 and rrl4 alleles of 23S rRNA, whereas a reference strain (PG45) did not. G748 localizes in the central loop of domain II (from C744 to A753) of 23S rRNA that participates in binding to mycinose, a sugar residue present in both tylosin and tilmicosin. A number of in vitro selected mutants derived from M. bovis PG45 showed reduced susceptibilit...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - April 1, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Toyotaka Sato, Hidetoshi Higuchi, Shin ‐ichi Yokota, Yutaka Tamura Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Higher viral load and genetic diversity of HIV ‐1 in the seminal compartments than in the blood of seven Chinese homosexual men with early HIV‐1 infection
We examined genetic diversity and viral load of HIV‐1 in the seminal compartments and blood of Chinese MSM with early HIV‐1 infection in this study. Viral load and genetic diversity of HIV‐1 in paired samples of semen and blood were analyzed in seven homosexual patients who were with early HIV‐1 infection. Levels of HIV‐1 RNA and DNA were tested by real‐time PCR assays. Through sequencing the C2‐V5 region of the HIV‐1 env gene we determined the HIV‐1 genotype and genetic diversity based on V3 loop amino acid sequences by using Geno2pheno and PSSM programs theco‐receptor usage was predicated. We found th...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - April 1, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yan ‐Mei Jiao, Guang‐Lei Chen, Wei‐Jun Zhu, Hui‐huang Huang, Jun‐liang Fu, Wei‐wei Chen, Ming Shi, Tong Zhang, Hao Wu, Fu‐Sheng Wang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Dendritic cell ‐targeting DNA‐based nasal adjuvants for protective mucosal immunity to Streptococcus pneumoniae
ABSTRACT
In order to develop safe vaccines for effective mucosal immunity to major pulmonary bacterial infections, one must consider appropriate vaccine antigens (Ags), delivery systems and nontoxic molecular adjuvants. Such vaccine constructs can induce Ag‐specific immune responses which provide effective protection from mucosal infections. In particular, it has been shown that adjuvant‐based mucosal vaccine preparations are relatively easy to construct by simply mixing the adjuvant with the bacterial Ag, and the resulting vaccine can elicit protective immunity. We have studied DNA‐based nasal adjuvants targeting mu...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - April 1, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kosuke Kataoka, Yoshiko Fukuyama, David E. Briles, Tatsuro Miyake, Kohtaro Fujihashi Tags: Review Source Type: research
Immune response of highly conserved influenza A virus matrix 1 peptides
ABSTRACT
Influenza vaccine development is considered to be complicated and challenging. Constantly evolving influenza viruses require continuous global monitoring and reformulation of the vaccine strains. Peptide conserved among different strains and subtypes of influenza A virus are well‐thought‐out to be attractive targets for development of cross protective influenza vaccine based on cellular response. Three highly conserved (> 90%) matrix 1 peptides ILGFVFTLTVPSERGLQRRRF (PM1), LIRHENRMVLASTTAKA (PM2) and LQAYQKRMGVQMQR (PM3) containing multiple T cell epitopes have been assessed for their immunogenic potential ...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - April 1, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Neha Lohia, Manoj Baranwal Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
Predicting receptor functionality of signaling lymphocyte activation molecule for measles virus hemagglutinin from docking simulation
ABSTRACT
Predicting susceptibility to a virus in various species is desirable for risk assessment of interspecies transmission. For screening of susceptibility, it may be useful to evaluate the receptor functionality. Here the docking simulation was conducted for measles virus hemagglutinin (MV‐H) and immunoglobulin‐like variable domain of signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM‐V). It wasobserved that the docking score of MV‐H and SLAM‐V was correlated with the activity of SLAM as MV receptor. These results suggest that the receptor functionality may be predicted from the docking score of virion surface p...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - April 1, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Yoshiyuki Suzuki Tags: Note Source Type: research
Issue Information – Instruction for Authors
(Source: Microbiology and Immunology)
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - March 29, 2017 Category: Microbiology Tags: Issue Information – Instruction for Authors Source Type: research
A single ‐stranded DNA aptamer against mannose‐capped lipoarabinomannan enhances anti‐tuberculosis activity of macrophages through downregulation of lipid‐sensing nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor γ expression
ABSTRACT
Mannose‐capped lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) is an immunomodulatory epitope of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). An aptamer (ZXL1) that specifically binds to ManLAM from the virulent Mtb H37Rv strain was previously generated and it was found that ZXL1 functions as an antagonist, inhibiting the ManLAM‐induced immunosuppression of DCs. In the present study, it was found that ZXL1 inhibits Mtb entry into murine macrophages and that ZXL1 enhances IL‐1β and IL‐12 mRNA expression and cytokine production in ManLAM‐treated macrophages but decreases IL‐10 production. Inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in ...
Source: Microbiology and Immunology - March 29, 2017 Category: Microbiology Authors: Qin Pan, Jiamin Yan, Qi Liu, Chunhui Yuan, Xiao ‐Lian Zhang Tags: Original Article Source Type: research
