Delivery outcomes and patterns of morbidity and mortality for neonatal admissions in five Kenyan hospitals
A cross-sectional survey was conducted in neonatal and maternity units of five Kenyan district public hospitals. Data for 1 year were obtained: 3999 maternal and 1836 neonatal records plus tallies of maternal deaths, deliveries and stillbirths. There were 40 maternal deaths [maternal mortality ratio: 276 per 100 000 live births, 95% confidence interval (CI): 197–376]. Fresh stillbirths ranged from 11 to 43 per 1000 births. A fifth (19%, 263 of 1384, 95% CI: 11–30%) of the admitted neonates died. Compared with normal birth weight, odds of death were significantly higher in all of the low birth weight (LBW, <2...
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - July 24, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Aluvaala, J., Okello, D., Murithi, G., Wafula, L., Wanjala, L., Isika, N., Wasunna, A., Were, F., Nyamai, R., English, M. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Disposable diapers decrease the incidence of neonatal infections compared to cloth diapers in a level II neonatal intensive care unit
Conclusion: Usage of disposable diapers decrease the incidence of probable sepsis in babies admitted to NICU. It is also cost effective to use disposable diapers in the NICU. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - July 24, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Babu, M. C., Tandur, B., Sharma, D., Murki, S. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Assessing providers' vaccination behaviors during routine immunization in India
Progress has been made toward improving routine immunization coverage in India, but universal coverage has not been achieved. Little is known about how providers’ vaccination behaviors affect coverage rates. The purpose of this study was to identify provider behaviors that served as barriers to vaccination that could lead to missed opportunities to vaccinate. We conducted a study of health-care providers’ vaccination behaviors during clinic visits for children <3 years of age. Information on provider behaviors was collected through parent report and direct observation. Compared with illness visits, parents w...
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - July 24, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Cohen, M. A., Gargano, L. M., Thacker, N., Choudhury, P., Weiss, P. S., Arora, M., Orenstein, W. A., Omer, S. B., Hughes, J. M. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Eye trauma in children and adolescents: Perspectives from a developing country and validation of the ocular trauma score
Conclusion: Closed globe is the most frequent trauma in children and adolescents, and some injuries could be prevented by safety measures and closer adult supervision. The OTS was shown to have limited value in predicting long-term visual acuity in children and adolescents. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - July 24, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Oiticica-Barbosa, M. M., Kasahara, N. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
The Millennium Development Goals are Dead; Long Live the Sustainable Development Goals
(Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - July 24, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Simkiss, D. Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
In this Issue August 2015
(Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - July 24, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Tags: In this Issue Source Type: research
Anemia among school children in eastern Nepal
This study was done to find the prevalence of anemia among the children aged 4–13 years in eastern Nepal. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2012 in four districts (Morang, Udayapur, Bhojpur and Ilam) of eastern Nepal to find the prevalence of anemia among the school children of eastern Nepal. Children aged 4–13 years were selected randomly from different schools of above districts and 618 venous blood samples were collected. Hemoglobin level was estimated by using cyanmethemoglobin method. The mean hemoglobin level was 12.2 ± 1.82 gm/dl. About 37.9% (n = 234) children were found anemic. Anemia pre...
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - May 28, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Khatiwada, S., Gelal, B., Gautam, S., Tamang, M. K., Shakya, P. R., Lamsal, M., Baral, N. Tags: Research Letters Source Type: research
Prevalence of Dicrocoelium dendriticum ova in Ghanaian school children
(Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - May 28, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Ofori, M., Bogoch, I. I., Ephraim, R. K. D. Tags: Research Letters Source Type: research
Out-of-pocket nonmedical expenses associated with out-patient treatment of common childhood illnesses
Conclusion: Families in rural India have substantial costs incurred in OPD attendance, most of which is for preventive health care such as immunization. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - May 28, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Daga, S., Mhatre, S., Dsouza, E. Tags: Research Letters Source Type: research
Laboratory confirmation of clinically diagnosed malaria in a cohort of HIV-infected mothers and their children in Malawi
To avoid overdiagnosis, accuracy in the identification of true malaria cases is of critical importance. Samples (either whole blood, dried blood spots or plasma/serum) collected at the time of clinically diagnosed malaria episodes in a cohort of Malawian HIV-infected mothers and their children were retrospectively tested with the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for HRP-2 (histidine-rich protein 2) detection. There were 55 and 56 clinically diagnosed cases of malaria in mothers and children, respectively, with samples available for testing. Rates of laboratory-confirmed episodes were 20% (11 of 55) in mothers and ...
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - May 28, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Giuliano, M., Galluzzo, C. M., Mancinelli, S., Andreotti, M., Jere, H., Sagno, J.-B., Maulidi, M., Erba, F., Amici, R., Buonomo, E., Scarcella, P., Marazzi, M. C., Vella, S., Palombi, L. Tags: Research Letters Source Type: research
Acute suppurative parotitis in a 33-day-old patient
Acute suppurative parotitis is a rare disease in childhood. Its incidence is higher in premature newborns. Parotid swelling and pus drainage from Stenson’s duct is pathognomonic, and Staphylococcus aureus is the causative agent in most cases. Here, a 33-day-old patient with acute suppurative parotitis is presented. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - May 28, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Avcu, G., Belet, N., Karli, A., Sensoy, G. Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Undiagnosed congenital hypothyroidism in a newborn treated with dopamine infusion
Medications administered during the neonatal period may mask the diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism. Herein, we report a case of undiagnosed congenital hypothyroidism while the infant was on treatment with dopamine. Given the inhibitory effect of dopamine on thyroid-stimulating hormone, a high index of suspicion for potential congenital hypothyroidism is needed in such neonates. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - May 28, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Shi, X., Sun, Y., Qiang, R. Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Neonatal mortality in India's rural poor: Findings of a household survey and verbal autopsy study in Rajasthan, Bihar and Odisha
In 2011, Save the Children India launched a project for the disadvantaged population of Rajasthan, Bihar and Odisha. As a baseline activity, neonatal deaths during January–December 2012 were investigated using modified verbal autopsy tool in six sub-district-level administrative units (blocks) adopting 30-cluster sample survey approach. Our study reported a total of 189 neonatal deaths of which 50% occurred at home and 39% happened on Day 1. About half of the deaths occurred in blocks from Bihar. High number of neonatal deaths belonged to households that were below poverty line (64%) and other disadvantaged classes (...
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - May 28, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Dogra, V., Khanna, R., Jain, A., Kumar, A. M. V., Shewade, H. D., Majumdar, S. S. Tags: Brief Reports Source Type: research
Reduction in Rotavirus Disease and Sustained Predominance of G2P[4] Rotavirus Strain following Introduction of Rotavirus Vaccine in Recife, Brazil
We describe the distribution of rotavirus genotypes in children with acute gastroenteritis in a hospital in Recife, Brazil, during pre- and post-vaccination periods. There was a 43.8% reduction in the proportion of diarrhea episodes due to rotavirus. Nevertheless, we observed a sustained predominance of G2P[4] as the main genotype identified in the post-vaccination period. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - May 28, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Montenegro, F. M. U., Falbo, A. R., Germano, E. M., Correia, N. B., Souza, E. d. S., Nakagomi, O., Nakagomi, T., Cuevas, L. E., Cunliffe, N. A., Correia, J. B. Tags: Brief Reports Source Type: research
Blood pressure variation with gestational age and birth weight in Indian newborn
Prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital of India over 8 months to measure blood pressure (BP) in healthy term and preterm neonates using oscillometric method and explore the associations with gestational age and birth weight. Consecutive BP measurements were taken by standard oscillometric method on 1617 neonates on day 4, 7 and 14 of life. Mean birth weight was 2.7 ± 0.46 kg, and mean gestational age was 38.2 ± 2.12 weeks. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) on day 4, 7 and 14 were 59.3 ± 7.33, 63.2 ± 6.55 and 66.4 ± 6.13 mmHg, respectively. Larger and matu...
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - May 28, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Samanta, M., Mondal, R., Ray, S., Sabui, T. K., Kundu, C. K., hazra, A., Chatterjee, K., Sarkar, D. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
