Increase in Iodine Deficiency Disorder due to Inadequate Sustainability of Supply of Iodized Salt in District Solan, Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh is a known endemic area for iodine deficiency disorders. A study was conducted in district Solan with the objective of assessing the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders in school-age children. Thirty clusters were selected by using the probability-proportionate-to-size cluster sampling methodology. Clinical examination of the thyroid of 1898 children in the age-group of 6–12 years was conducted. Urine and salt samples were collected. The total goiter rate was found to be 15.4%. Median urinary iodine excretion level was 62.5 μg/l. Only 39% of the salt samples had iodine content of ≥15 ppm....
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - November 28, 2013 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Kapil, U., Pandey, R. M., Jain, V., Kabra, M., Sareen, N., Singh Bhadoria, A., Vijay, J., Nigam, S., Khenduja, P. Tags: Research Letters Source Type: research
India's Poliomyelitis Eradication: A Milestone in Public Health
India has recently completed 2 years without single case of poliomyelitis on 13 January 2013. This has brought South East Asian Region closer to eradication. Recently, India is being regarded as a role model for polio eradication efforts in other low-income endemic countries—Pakistan, Nigeria and Afghanistan. However, the near elimination of wild polio virus in India has set forth newer challenges. Stricter surveillance measures are now needed to check for importations spread of virus in migratory populations and rapid containment of newly found virus. India’s battle against polio will soon be cited as biggest ...
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - November 28, 2013 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Grover, M., Bhatnagar, N., Sinha, S., Kaur, R. Tags: Research Letters Source Type: research
Intractable diarrhoea caused by cytomegalovirus enterocolitis in an immunocompetent term neonate
Symptomatic cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection mainly affects preterm and immunocompromised infants and usually manifest as rash, pneumonia, hepatospleenomegaly or encephalitis. To our knowledge intractable diarrhoea at two weeks of age caused by postnatally acquired CMV in immunocompetent term neonate is not reported. An unusual case of postnatally acquired CMV enterocolitis manifesting as protracted diarrhoea in an immunocompetent baby in neonatal period is reported. We conclude that CMV should be considered in the differential diagnosis of intractable diarrhoea in neonatal period and treatment with intravenous ganciclovir ...
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - November 28, 2013 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Gupta, A. K., Maria, A., Goyal, D., Verma, A. Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Antituberculosis Therapy-Associated Cutaneous Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis
We describe a case of CLV induced by rifampicin and pyrazinamide. A 14-year-old male diagnosed with disseminated tuberculosis developed purpuric lesions after 1.5 months of treatment. Histopathology was consistent with leukocytoclastic vasculitis. Skin lesion improved after cessation of the two drugs and treatment with corticosteroids. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - November 28, 2013 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Bhatia, V., Sibal, A., Rajgarhia, S. Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Incidence and Main Risk Factors for Severe Retinopathy of Prematurity in Infants Weighing Less Than 1000 Grams in Brazil
Conclusions: We reported the incidence of 12.7% of severe ROP among babies born ≤ 1000 g in our institution. Laser photocoagulation was effective to stabilize the disease among 19 treated patients. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - November 28, 2013 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Fortes Filho, J. B., Borges Fortes, B. G., Tartarella, M. B., Procianoy, R. S. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Evaluation of Window-Tinting Films for Sunlight Phototherapy
We evaluated nine semi-transparent plastic window-tinting films for their ability to block ultraviolet A (UVA) and infrared (IR) radiation and transmit therapeutic blue light (400–520 nm) for treating jaundiced newborns. For indoor testing, three light sources (TL/52 special blue fluorescent, Black Light UVA and IR heat lamps) were positioned above each film and measured successively using a thermocouple thermometer, UVA radiometer and blue light irradiance meter, placed below each film. For outdoor testing, the same setup was used with the sun at zenith and a cloudless sky. Compared with unfiltered radiation, blue l...
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - November 28, 2013 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Vreman, H. J., Slusher, T. M., Wong, R. J., Schulz, S., Olusanya, B. O., Stevenson, D. K. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Cost of Delivering Child Health Care Through Community Level Health Workers: How Much Extra Does IMNCI Program Cost?
Conclusion: Implementation of IMNCI imposes additional costs to the health system. A comprehensive economic evaluation of the IMNCI is imperative to estimate the net cost implications in India. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - November 28, 2013 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Prinja, S., Mazumder, S., Taneja, S., Bahuguna, P., Bhandari, N., Mohan, P., Hombergh, H., Kumar, R. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Neonatal bloodstream infections in a pediatric hospital in Vietnam: A cohort study
Septicemia and bloodstream infections (BSIs) are major causes of neonatal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. We prospectively recorded all positive blood cultures (BSI) among neonates admitted consecutively to a tertiary pediatric hospital in Vietnam during a 12-month period. Among 5763 neonates, 2202 blood cultures were performed, of which 399 were positive in 385 neonates. Among these, 64 died, 62 in relation to septicemia. Of the BSI isolates, 56% was known pathogenic and 48% was gram-negative bacteria, most frequently Klebsiella spp. (n = 78), Acinetobacter spp. (n = 58) and Escherichia coli (n = 21). Onl...
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - November 28, 2013 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Kruse, A. Y., Thieu Chuong, D. H., Phuong, C. N., Duc, T., Graff Stensballe, L., Prag, J., Kurtzhals, J., Greisen, G., Pedersen, F. K. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Serum Tenascin-C: A Novel Biomarker for Diagnosis and Predicting Prognosis of Rheumatic Carditis?
Conclusions: Serum TnC level can be used as a new biochemical marker for diagnosis and predicting the prognosis of rheumatic carditis. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - November 28, 2013 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Karatas, Z., Baysal, T., Alp, H., Toker, A. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Toddler's diarrhea: Is it an under-recognized entity in developing countries?
Conclusions: TD is common in developing countries like India too. Anthropometry and hemoglobin can differentiate it from CD and CMPA. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - November 28, 2013 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Poddar, U., Agarwal, J., Yachha, S. K., Srivastava, A. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Controversy in Urinary Tract Infection Management in Children: A Review of New Data and Subsequent Changes in Guidelines
Controversy and lack of consensus have been encountered in the management of pediatric urinary tract infection (UTI), including its diagnosis, radiological investigations and the use of antibiotic therapy. In this review, we discuss the need for radiological investigations and the extent of their use as well as the need for prophylactic antibiotics in children with UTI and vesicoureteral reflux. Only a small proportion of children with first UTI and no history of antenatal renal abnormalities have clinically important malformations. Renal ultrasound should be performed in febrile infants and young children with UTI; a mict...
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - November 28, 2013 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Abdulaziz Kari, J., Tullus, K. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Background changing patterns of neonatal fungal sepsis in a developing country
Conclusions: The increase in neonatal fungal BSI and resistant organisms highlights the need to review use of routine empiric fluconazole and to implement preventive measures. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - November 28, 2013 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Ballot, D. E., Bosman, N., Nana, T., Ramdin, T., Cooper, P. A. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Hypothermia for Perinatal Brain Hypoxia-Ischemia in Different Resource Settings: A Systematic Review
Conclusions: There is enough evidence to support hypothermia as the standard care for hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Evidence from low-resource settings is limited, but hypothermia efficacy was not shown to be associated with better resources countries. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - November 28, 2013 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Galvao, T. F., Silva, M. T., Marques, M. C., de Oliveira, N. D., Pereira, M. G. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Admission Hypothermia among VLBW Infants in Malaysian NICUs
This study aimed to determine the prevalence of admission hypothermia (AH) among very-low-birth-weight (≤1500 g) infants in 32 Malaysian neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). This was a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data of all very-low-birth-weight infants admitted and a questionnaire survey of the practice of AH prevention. Of the 3768 (99.8%) infants with admission temperature recorded, 64.8% (n = 2440) were hypothermic: 40.3% (n = 983) mildly (36.0–36.4°C), 58.5% (n = 1428) moderately (32.0–35.9°C) and 1.2% (n = 29) severely (<32.0°C). Mean ambient temperature of these...
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - November 28, 2013 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Boo, N.-Y., Guat-Sim Cheah, I., for Malaysian National Neonatal Registry Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Neonatal Mortality in HIV-Exposed Infants Born to Women Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Rural Uganda
We describe the 28-day mortality outcomes in a cohort of HIV-exposed infants who had ultrasound-confirmed gestational age in rural Uganda. There were 13 deaths among 351 infants, including 9 deaths in the perinatal period. Premature delivery was a strong predictor of mortality. The prevention of HIV transmission to infants is now possible in rural low-resource settings but the frequency of neonatal death among HIV-exposed infants remains extremely high, calling for new comprehensive interventions to reduce mortality in this growing population. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - November 28, 2013 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Ades, V., Mwesigwa, J., Natureeba, P., Clark, T. D., Plenty, A., Charlebois, E., Achan, J., Kamya, M. R., Havlir, D. V., Cohan, D., Ruel, T. D. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
