Animal Bites and Rabies Prophylaxis in Rural Children: Indian Perspective
A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital to study clinicoepidemiological profile of potentially rabid animal bite cases from rural India. Total of 308 children (median age 6 years) admitted to hospital, were recruited over 1 year and followed up till completion of antirabies vaccine course. Dog was the commonest (77.27%) offending animal. Of the exposures, 66.88% were scratches, 88.96% were unprovoked and 27.27% were categorized as Class III. The median times to wound toileting and reporting to health facility were 1 and 6 h, respectively. Majority received prompt PEP in hospital, and RIG...
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - February 19, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Samanta, M., Mondal, R., Shah, A., Hazra, A., Ray, S., Dhar, G., Biswas, R., Sabui, T. K., Raychaudhuri, D., Chatterjee, K., Kundu, C., Sarkar, S. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Poor Infant Feeding Practices and High Prevalence of Malnutrition in Urban Slum Child Care Centres in Nairobi: A Pilot Study
This study purposively sampled five day-care centres in Nairobi, Kenya, where anthropometric measurements were collected among 33 children aged 6–24 months. Mealtime interactions were further observed in 11 children from four centres, using a standardized data collection sheet. We recorded the child actions, such as mood, interest in food, distraction level, as well as caregiver actions, such as encouragement to eat, level of distraction and presence of neutral actions. Of the 33 children assessed, with a mean age of 15.9 ± 4.9 months, 14 (42%) were female. Undernutrition was found in 13 (39%) children with at...
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - February 19, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Mwase, I., Mutoro, A., Owino, V., Garcia, A. L., Wright, C. M. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Cytogenetic Studies of Rwandan Pediatric Patients Presenting with Global Developmental Delay, Intellectual Disability and/or Multiple Congenital Anomalies
In conclusion, our results highlight the high frequency of cytogenetically detectable abnormalities in this series, with implications for the burden on the healthcare. This study demonstrates the importance of cytogenetic analysis in patients with GDD/ID and MCA. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - February 19, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Uwineza, A., Hitayezu, J., Jamar, M., Caberg, J.-H., Murorunkwere, S., Janvier, N., Bours, V., Mutesa, L. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Active Tuberculosis in HIV-Exposed Tanzanian Children up to 2 years of Age: Early-Life Nutrition, Multivitamin Supplementation and Other Potential Risk Factors
Conclusions: Knowledge of nutrition-related risk and protective factors for TB in HIV-exposed children could enhance preventive and case-finding activities in this population, contributing to efforts to reduce the global TB burden. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - February 19, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Olofin, I. O., Liu, E., Manji, K. P., Danaei, G., Duggan, C., Aboud, S., Spiegelman, D., Fawzi, W. W. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
An Evaluation of Alternative Markers to Guide Initiation of Anti-retroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Children in Settings where CD4 Assays are not Available
Conclusion: Clinical staging alone is an unreliable strategy to start ART in children. TLC is the only alternative marker for CD4, cut-offs need to be revised though. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - February 19, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Huibers, M. H. W., Moons, P., Maseko, N., Gushu, M. B., Wit, F. W., Graham, S. M., van Hensbroek, M. B., Calis, J. C. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Incidence, Etiology and Risk Factors Associated with Neonatal Healthcare-Associated Conjunctivitis: A Prospective Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in India
Conclusion: A standardized case-definition and physician awareness of potential serious sequelae would help improve detection rates and timely institution of therapy. Hand hygiene could help control the menace of neonatal HAC. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - February 19, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Goel, K., Randhawa, V. S., Saili, A., Khare, S., Kumar, A., Dutta, R., Goel, G. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Hematological Indices at Birth of Infants of HIV-Positive Mothers Participating in a Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission Program
Conclusion: There are significant changes in the hematological indices of infants of HIV-positive mothers at birth. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - February 19, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Obumneme-Anyim, I., Ibeziako, N., Emodi, I., Ikefuna, A., Oguonu, T. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Zika Virus
(Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - February 19, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Simkiss, D. Tags: Editorial Source Type: research
In this issue February 2016
(Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - February 19, 2016 Category: Tropical Medicine Tags: In this Issue Source Type: research
Fulminant BCG Disease in a 7 Month Old Healthy Male Infant
A seven month old healthy male infant was brought with papular skin lesions all over the body, which became ulcerative with increasing fever and redness within 1 week duration. On examination, Bacilli Calmette Guerin (BCG) scar was ulcerated with discharge; infant was irritable with tachycardia and tachypnea. Investigations revealed pancytopenia, and acid fast bacilli was positive in skin lesions and at BCG scar site. There was progressive worsening of infant's condition, culminating in death. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - December 1, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Sharma, S., Tanigasalam, V., Parameswaran, N., Chandrasekaran, V., Gulati, R., Joseph, N. M., Chandrashekar, L. Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Hepatitis A Associated with Chylothorax: An Uncommon Presentation of a Common Infection
This report highlights that pleural effusion associated with hepatitis A infection is usually a benign, self-limiting condition which should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pleural effusion or chylothorax in a patient with acute viral hepatitis. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - December 1, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Mehta, K., Shinde, S., Rego, S., Shet, A. Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research
Pediatric HIV-HBV Coinfection in Lusaka, Zambia: Prevalence and Short-Term Treatment Outcomes
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is endemic in Africa, where it may occur as an HIV coinfection. Data remain limited on HIV–HBV epidemiology in Africa, particularly in children. Using programmatic data from pediatric HIV clinics in Lusaka, Zambia during 2011–2014, we analyzed the prevalence of chronic HBV coinfection (defined as a single positive hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg] test) and its impact on immune recovery and liver enzyme elevation (LEE) during the first year of antiretroviral therapy. Among 411 children and adolescents, 10.4% (95% confidence interval, 7.6–14.1) had HIV–HBV. Coinfected patien...
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - December 1, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Peebles, K., Nchimba, L., Chilengi, R., Bolton Moore, C., Mubiana-Mbewe, M., Vinikoor, M. J. Tags: Brief Report Source Type: research
Nasopharyngeal Carriage, Capsular and Molecular Serotyping and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae among Asymptomatic Healthy Children in Egypt
This study revealed the epidemiological importance to evaluate regularly the prevalence, serotypes and the increasing antimicrobial resistance of S. pneumoniae in the community. (Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics)
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - December 1, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: El-Nawawy, A. A., Hafez, S. F., Meheissen, M. A., Shahtout, N. M., Mohammed, E. E. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Microbiologic Agents in Parent-reported Neonatal Fever
We reviewed etiology and outcome of consecutive neonates admitted to a neonatal unit for investigation of parent-reported fever (116 neonates over 24 months). Tympanic temperature was measured at the emergency department (Te) and core temperature at the neonatal unit (Tn). Microbials were isolated in 27 patients (23%); Te and Tn were both <38°C in 13 (48%) of the 27 patients. Microbial isolation was associated with older median age (16.7 vs. 8.0 days, p = 0.004), empirical antibiotic commencement (p = 0.0003) and longer hospital stay (median 8 vs. 4.0 days, p = 0.004). Compared with respiratory viral infection, pati...
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - December 1, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Hon, K. L., Ting, J. Y., Chow, C. M., Wong, W., Lau, W. H., Yeung, W. T., Hung, K. K. I., Lee, C., Lee, T. C. S., Li, K. K. K., Leung, T. F. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
Enhancing Maternal and Child Health using a Combined Mother & Child Health Booklet in Kenya
Under Kenyan guidelines, HIV-exposed infants should be tested for HIV DNA at 6 weeks or at first clinical contact thereafter, as infants come for immunization. Following the introduction of early infant diagnoses programmes, however, many infants were not being tested and linked to care and treatment. We developed the Mother & Child Health Booklet to help relate mothers’ obstetrical history to infants’ healthcare providers to facilitate follow-up and timely management. The booklet contains information on the mother’s pregnancy, delivery and postpartum course and her child’s growth and developmen...
Source: Journal of Tropical Pediatrics - December 1, 2015 Category: Tropical Medicine Authors: Mudany, M. A., Sirengo, M., Rutherford, G. W., Mwangi, M., Nganga, L. W., Gichangi, A. Tags: Original Papers Source Type: research
