Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC) This is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

Prevention Counseling Practices of HIV Care Providers with Patients New to HIV Medical Care: Medical Monitoring Project Provider Survey, 2009
Conclusion: The proportion of providers engaged in HIV prevention counseling with patients newly linked to HIV care is generally high, but more work is needed to encourage providers to fully participate as partners in prevention, which is central to preventing onward transmission of HIV. (Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC))
Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC) - March 28, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Valverde, E., Beer, L., Johnson, C., Blair, J. M., Mattson, C. L., Sanders, C., Weiser, J., Skarbinski, J. Tags: HIV Clinical Management Source Type: research

CD4 Counts and Mortality in Virologically Suppressed US Veterans
We used the Veterans Health Administration (VA) HIV Clinical Case Registry (CCR) to evaluate the association between annual CD4 averages and all-cause mortality in HIV-infected veterans during their initial episode of suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). We observed 1083 deaths in 14 769 patients. Unadjusted mortality rates in the top and bottom CD4 quintiles differed significantly from the mid CD4 strata. Mortality in the top CD4 quintile (≥720 cells/mm3) was 14.1/1000 patient-years, 95% confidence interval (CI): 10.1-18.2, compared with 20.4 (CI: 15.5-25.3) in the next lower CD4 stratum (530-719 c...
Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC) - March 28, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Drechsler, H., Zhang, S., Holodniy, M., Bedimo, R. Tags: Epidemiology & amp;amp; Surveillance Source Type: research

Partial Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in an HIV-Infected Child: A Case Report and Review of Literature
Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common opportunistic infections that affects patients with HIV. HIV and TB coinfection have a synergistic effect on each other, with one disease worsening the effects and treatment of the other. In the recent past, varying levels of drug resistance are also found in patients coinfected with HIV and TB, but rarely is it reported in children in India. The present case documents partial extensively drug-resistant TB in an 8-year-old child. (Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC))
Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC) - March 28, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Uppuluri, R., Shah, I. Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

Sickle Cell Disease and HIV: A Case Highlighting Management Challenges for Children in a Resource-Limited Setting
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a genetic disorder resulting from a mutation in the hemoglobin (Hb) gene. Sickle cell disease results in chronic anemia and a variety of acute and chronic complications that can lead to early mortality. A child with both SCD and HIV presents a management challenge, particularly in a resource-limited setting. In this case report, we describe the case of an 18-month-old Kenyan girl with SCD and HIV who developed a severe hypersensitivity reaction to first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART). Selecting an appropriate drug substitute for a child with SCD and HIV presents a management dilemma when the...
Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC) - March 28, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Odera, E. B., Kwobah, C., Stone, G., Some, F., Vreeman, R. C. Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

HIV Presenting as Young-Onset Dementia
We report a case of a young woman presenting with HIV-associated dementia and raise awareness of its presentation in young age and as the first presenting symptom. (Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC))
Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC) - March 28, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Verma, R., Anand, K. S. Tags: Case Reports Source Type: research

Airborne Outreach: Building HIV Capacity and Strengthening Health Care Systems in Rural Botswana
There is a paucity of research demonstrating how HIV-funded services in Africa have improved equity and access to non-HIV services for both HIV-infected and uninfected patients. In this short communication, we describe the impact of an airborne outreach program to provide HIV services to high-HIV burden health facilities in rural Botswana. The analysis demonstrates how this HIV-funded program enhanced access to essential subspecialist services at several rural health facilities across Botswana. (Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC))
Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC) - March 28, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Reid, M. J. A., Haverkamp, M., McAllister, T., Miller, J., Kirk, B. L. Tags: Short Communications Source Type: research

Temporal Trends, Clinical Characteristics, and Outcomes of Histoplasmosis in a Tertiary Care Center in Kentucky, 2000 to 2009
The impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the epidemiology of AIDS-associated histoplasmosis in the past decade is poorly defined. Among 100 patients with histoplasmosis in an endemic region between 2000 and 2009, 42 patients were immunocompetent, 32 were infected with HIV, and 26 were non-HIV-immunocompromised patients. The percentage with HIV decreased 67% in 2000-2001 to 18% in 2008-2009 (P = .004), while the proportion of non-HIV immunocompromised patients increased, 8% to 41% (P = .14). Histoplasma antigen was the most sensitive test (73%), whereas potassium hydroxide examination of clinical specim...
Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC) - March 28, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Myint, T., Al-Hasan, M. N., Ribes, J. A., Murphy, B. S., Greenberg, R. N. Tags: Short Communications Source Type: research

High Prevalence of Hepatitis Delta Virus among Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B Virus Infection and HIV-1 in an Intermediate Hepatitis B Virus Endemic Region
We conducted a study to investigate HIV and hepatitis delta virus (HDV) coinfection among patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and the triple infection’s (HIV/HBV/HDV) clinical implications in India, an intermediate HBV endemic region, with an estimated HIV-positive population of 2.5 million. A total of 450 patients (men: 270; women: 180) with chronic HBV infections and 135 healthy volunteers were screened for HIV and HDV. The incidence of the triple infection was low (4 [0.8%]) compared with dual infections of HIV-1/HBV (7 [1.5%]) and HBV/HDV (22[4.8%]). Among 21- to 40-year-olds, HBV/HDV coinfect...
Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC) - January 22, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Saravanan, S., Madhavan, V., Velu, V., Murugavel, K. G., Waldrop, G., Solomon, S. S., Balakrishnan, P., Kumarasamy, N., Smith, D. M., Mayer, K. H., Solomon, S., Thyagarajan, S. P. Tags: Viral Hepatitis Source Type: research

Factors Associated with Different Patterns of Nonadherence to HIV Care in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Health system responsiveness (HSR), a measure of patient health care experience, may influence adherence to HIV/AIDS care and be an important predictor of outcomes. We studied the relationship between HSR, patient factors, and visit nonadherence in 16 President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief–supported HIV/AIDS clinics in Dar es Salaam. An HSR survey was administered in 2009, and all clinic visits 1 year following the interviews were analyzed for 720 patients on antiretrovirals (ARVs). Definitions of visit nonadherence were (1) low visit constancy ([VC], no visit in ≥1 quarter), (2) gaps in care (>60 days betw...
Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC) - January 22, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Poles, G., Li, M., Siril, H., Mhalu, A., Hawkins, C., Kaaya, S., Aris, E., Chalamilla, G., Hirschhorn, L. R. Tags: Antiretroviral Therapy Source Type: research

Verifying Quantitative Stigma and Medication Adherence Scales Using Qualitative Methods among Thai Youth Living with HIV/AIDS
This study used both quantitative and qualitative methods to examine stigma and its relationship to adherence in 30 HIV-infected Thai youth aged 14 to 21 years. Stigma was measured using the HIV stigma scale and its 4 subscales, and adherence was measured using a visual analog scale. Stigma and adherence were also examined by in-depth interviews. The interviews were to determine whether verbal responses would match the scale’s results. The mean score of stigma perception from the overall scale and its 4 subscales ranged from 2.14 to 2.45 on a scale of 1 to 4, indicating moderate levels of stigma. The mean adherence s...
Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC) - January 22, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Fongkaew, W., Viseskul, N., Suksatit, B., Settheekul, S., Chontawan, R., Grimes, R. M., Grimes, D. E. Tags: Antiretroviral Therapy Source Type: research

Virologic and Immunologic Effectiveness at 48 Weeks of Darunavir-Ritonavir-Based Regimens in Treatment-Experienced Persons Living with HIV-1 Infection in Clinical Practice: A Multicenter Brazilian Cohort
Conclusion: The use of DRV/r-based regimens for salvage therapy is an effective strategy in the clinical care setting of a developing country. (Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC))
Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC) - January 22, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Biscione, F. M., Westin, M. R., Ribeiro, K. M., Estevam, D. L., Cardoso, S. W., Tenore, S. B., Neto, L. F. d. S. P., Alencastro, P. R., Suffert, T. A., de Moraes, M. J., Barbosa, A. N., Morejon, K. M. L., de Arruda, E. A. G., Silveira, J. M., Neto, J. L. Tags: Antiretroviral Therapy Source Type: research

Factors Associated with Late Initiation of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy among Young HIV-Positive Men and Women Aged 18 to 29 Years in Canada
We examined factors associated with late initiation among 18- to 29-year-olds within the Canadian Observational Cohort (CANOC) collaboration, a multi-site study of HIV-positive persons who initiated HAART after 2000. Late initiation was defined as beginning HAART with a CD4 count <200 cells/mm3 and/or having a baseline ADI. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent correlates of late initiation. In total, 1026 individuals (422 from British Columbia, 400 from Ontario, and 204 from Quebec) met our age criteria. At HAART initiation, median age was 27 years (interquartile range, 24, 28 years). A tot...
Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC) - January 22, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Palmer, A. K., Cescon, A., Chan, K., Cooper, C., Raboud, J. M., Miller, C. L., Burchell, A. N., Klein, M. B., Machouf, N., Montaner, J. S. G., Tsoukas, C., Hogg, R. S., Loutfy, M. R., the CANOC Collaboration Tags: Antiretroviral Therapy Source Type: research

The Performance of Quantiferon-TB Gold in-Tube (QFT-IT) Test Compared to Tuberculin Skin Test (TST) in Detecting Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) in the Presence of HIV Coinfection in a High TB-Burden Area with BCG-Vaccinated Population
Conclusion: The 2-step approach (initial testing of all cases with TST and confirmation of only those positive in TST by testing with QFT-IT) will be economical and help in treating LTBI cases in lower middle income countries like India. (Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC))
Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC) - January 22, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: James, P. M., Ganaie, F. A., Kadahalli, R. L. Tags: HIV Clinical Management Source Type: research

Cardiac Abnormalities in HIV-Positive Patients: Results from an Observational Study in India
Conclusion: The diastolic dysfunction is the most common cardiac abnormality observed in HIV-infected patients. (Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC))
Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC) - January 22, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Jain, N., Reddy, D. H., Verma, S. P., Khanna, R., Vaish, A. K., Usman, K., Tripathi, A. K., Singh, A., Mehrotra, S., Gupta, A. Tags: HIV Clinical Management Source Type: research

Performance of Rapid Tests and Algorithms for HIV Screening in Abidjan, Ivory Coast
Seven rapid diagnosis tests (RDTs) of HIV were evaluated by a panel group who collected serum samples from patients in Abidjan (HIV-1 = 203, HIV-2 = 25, HIV-dual = 25, HIV = 305). Kit performances were recorded after the reference techniques (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay). The following RDTs showed a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity higher than 99%: Determine, Oraquick, SD Bioline, BCP, and Stat-Pak. These kits were used to establish infection screening strategies. The combination with 2 or 3 of these tests in series or parallel algorithms showed that series combinations with 2 tests (Oraquick and Bioline) and 3 ...
Source: Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care (JIAPAC) - January 22, 2014 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Loukou, Y. G., Cabran, M. A., Yesse, Z. N., Adouko, B. M. O., Lathro, S. J., Agbessi-Kouassi, K. B. T. Tags: HIV Clinical Management Source Type: research