Brain activation by the umami taste substance monosodium L-glutamate via gustatory and visceral signaling pathways, and its physiological significance due to homeostasis after a meal
Publication date: August 2012 Source:Journal of Oral Biosciences, Volume 54, Issue 3 Author(s): Kunio Torii Monosodium l-glutamate (MSG) elicits a unique taste sensation termed umami and is widely used as a flavor enhancer in various cuisines. In addition, recent studies have suggested the existence of receptors for l-glutamate (Glu) and transduction molecules in the gut mucosa as well as in the oral cavity. The gastric afferent vagal nerve responds specifically to luminal stimulation by Glu in the stomach and regulates autonomic reflexes. The intragastric infusion of MSG also activates several brain areas (insular co...
Source: Journal of Oral Biosciences - April 24, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Metabolomic approach to oral biofilm characterization—A future direction of biofilm research
Publication date: August 2012 Source:Journal of Oral Biosciences, Volume 54, Issue 3 Author(s): Nobuhiro Takahashi , Jumpei Washio , Gen Mayanagi Research approaches to biofilm are stratified by a series of analyses: (1) microbial number and species; (2) microbial proteins, such as enzymes; and (3) microbial activity, such as metabolic activity. On the other hand, the hierarchical structure of biology includes the genome, proteome, and metabolome, in which the metabolome is the final output of biological function. Metabolome analysis is the comprehensive analysis of the metabolome, a new strategy for biological rese...
Source: Journal of Oral Biosciences - April 24, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Metagenomic analysis permitting identification of the minority bacterial populations in the oral microbiota
Publication date: August 2012 Source:Journal of Oral Biosciences, Volume 54, Issue 3 Author(s): Yoshiaki Kawamura , Yasuyoshi Kamiya In recent years, genetic techniques have been applied for the analysis of constitutive bacterial species of the oral microbiota. To analyze a wide variety of bacterial species simultaneously, universal PCR amplification using primers targeting the same conserved area of 16S rRNA is commonly used. However, because of PCR competition when using this strategy, only the DNA of the predominant bacterial species is amplified at the expense of the DNA of the minority bacterial species. Hence, ...
Source: Journal of Oral Biosciences - April 24, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
Evaluation of salivary microbiota from an ecological perspective
Publication date: August 2012 Source:Journal of Oral Biosciences, Volume 54, Issue 3 Author(s): Toru Takeshita , Yoshihisa Yamashita A variety of bacteria densely colonize the human oral cavity not as individuals, but as members of an indigenous microbiota that exhibit extensive intracellular interactions. To prevent the onset of oral diseases caused by the members of this microbiota, regulation of the total oral microbiota, including the surrounding bacterial environment, is required. In this review, we highlight current knowledge on the global composition of the salivary bacterial population associated with oral co...
Source: Journal of Oral Biosciences - April 24, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
A multilateral study of the pathogenesis of organ-specific autoimmune diseases
Publication date: August 2012 Source:Journal of Oral Biosciences, Volume 54, Issue 3 Author(s): Naozumi Ishimaru Autoimmune diseases result from complex and multigenic phenotypes that are affected by a variety of genetic and environmental or stochastic factors. Many models have been used to demonstrate autoimmune diseases such as Sjögren's syndrome (SS). However, it remains unclear as to why specific organs such as the salivary or lacrimal glands are targeted by autoimmune responses. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms involved in the onset of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. (Source: Journal of Oral Biosciences)
Source: Journal of Oral Biosciences - April 24, 2015 Category: Biomedical Science Source Type: research
