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How Do Students Use Self-Testing Across Multiple Study Sessions When Preparing for a High-Stakes Exam?
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Jessica L. Janes, John Dunlosky, Katherine A. RawsonTesting is a potent learning tool, but how do students use testing across multiple study sessions? In two studies, we investigated students’ use of testing to learn course materials for a high-stakes exam across four sessions. Of primary interest was (a) whether students used self-testing similarly across sessions and (b) whether students used self-testing to reach high levels of retrieval success across sessions. In each session, students learned the same...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Taxing the Brain to Uncover Lying? Meta-analyzing the Effect of Imposing Cognitive Load on the Reaction-Time Costs of Lying
Publication date: Available online 5 June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Bruno Verschuere, Nils C. Köbis, Yoella Bereby-Meyer, David Rand, Shaul ShalviLying typically requires greater mental effort than telling the truth. Imposing cognitive load may improve lie detection by limiting the cognitive resources needed to lie effectively, thereby increasing the difference in speed between truths and lies. We test this hypothesis meta-analytically. Across 21 studies using response-time (RT) paradigms (11 unpublished; total N = 792), we consistently found that truth-telling was...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Why Were Those Details So Hard for Me to Recall? Experienced Ease of Selective Retrieval Modulates Episodic Gist Memory
Publication date: Available online 7 June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Rona Sheaffer, Morris Goldsmith, Ainat PanskyThe role of retrieval fluency—the experienced ease with which information comes to mind—in cognition has been studied from various perspectives. Memory research has treated retrieval fluency primarily as a metacognitive cue for evaluating the source and accuracy of retrieved content, whereas social-cognition research has focused on its role as an independent source of information that may qualify—and even oppose—the retrieved content. Spanning these literat...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Mindwandering While Reading Not Only Reduces Science Learning But Also Increases Content Misunderstandings
Publication date: Available online 13 June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Christopher A. Sanchez, Jamie S. NaylorMore frequent mindwandering has been shown to reduce overall text comprehension. However, are mindwanders also more likely to generate incorrect associations based on what they have read? This question is especially critical for science learning, as errors in understanding can resonate through future learning efforts. Across 2 experiments, participants read a science text and were asked to generate a causal essay response related to the text, in addition to completing a...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Investigating the Replicability and Generalizability of the Negative Testing Effect
Publication date: Available online 13 June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Kathryn T. Wissman, Daniel J. PetersonAlthough tests typically improve long-term retention, recent research suggests that certain types of tests may disrupt memory, referred to as the negative testing effect. According to one explanatory framework, this detrimental effect on memory results from tests disrupting organizational processing, which hinders the ability to make associations between items. From an educational perspective, these outcomes are concerning because they suggest contexts in which taking a ...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research