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Measuring Decision Accuracy and Confidence of Mock Air Defence Operators
This study aimed to understand more fully some of the factors that influence decisions as related to air defence in a naval vessel's operation room. The study considered the impact of decision criticality (DC) and task load (TL) on measures of accuracy, confidence, and within-subjects confidence-accuracy (W-S C-A; a measure of metacognition). Personality constructs, workload, and situational awareness were also assessed. Participants were allocated to either a high, moderate, or low TL condition. Each took part in a computer-generated simulated air defence scenario where they were required to make a range of decisions and ...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

On the Importance of Mental Time Frames: A Case for the Need of Empirical Methods to Investigate Adaptive Expertise
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): Anton Axelsson, Anders A. JanssonIt has been suggested by Holyoak (1991) that research on expertise can be divided into three generations. The first two focused on expertise as heuristic search and expertise as refined routines. The third generation acknowledges the adaptive character of expertise, which is the topic discussed here. We take as the starting point the operational definition of adaptive expertise, and the three key elements of adaptive performance for individuals and teams recently suggested by...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Adaptive Skill as the Conditio Sine Qua Non of Expertise
We present an overview of current models of expertise including a project that we completed for the UK Ministry of Defence on the nature of adaptive skill. We discuss implications for future training by presenting empirically based training principles designed to develop adaptive skill. We assert that adaptive skill is the conditio sine qua non of expertise and conclude with suggestions for further research. (Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Naturalistic Decision Making Under Uncertainty: Theoretical and Methodological Developments – An Introduction to the Special Section
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): Julie Gore, Paul Ward (Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Combining the Strengths of Naturalistic and Laboratory Decision-Making Research to Create Integrative Theories of Choice
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): Arthur B. MarkmanNaturalistic decision-making research contrasts with traditional laboratory research along a number of dimensions. It is typically more observational, more focused on expert performance, and more attentive to the context in which decisions are made than laboratory studies. This approach helps to shore up some of the weaknesses of laboratory research by providing incentive to develop integrative theories of choice and examining strong methods of problem solving in a choice domain. This paper ...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Connecting Laboratory and Field Research in Judgment and Decision Making: Causality and the Breadth of External Validity
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): Daniel M. Bartels, Reid Hastie, Oleg Urminsky (Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Bridging Behavioral and Naturalistic Decision-Making Research by Computational Cognitive Models
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): Wai-Tat Fu (Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Scope of Theory, Generalizability of Empirical Results, and Prospects for Research Strategy
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): William M. Goldstein (Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Macrocognition: A Commentary on “Combining the Strengths of Naturalistic and Laboratory Decision Making Research to Seek the Optimal Level of Fuzz” by Art Markman
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): Robert R. Hoffman (Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Combine and Conquer: A Paean to Methodological Pluralism
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): Elke U. WeberThe publisher regrets that this article has been temporarily removed. The replacement article will be available as soon as possible.The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at https://www.elsevier.com/about/our-business/policies/article-withdrawal. (Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Naturalistic Decision Making: Taking a (Cognitive) Step Back to Take Two Steps Forward in Understanding Experience-Based Decisions
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): Aaron P.J. Roberts, Jon C. ColeThe field of naturalistic decision making research has hugely advanced understanding of how experts make decisions in operational environments. However, there is still a drive to improve the credibility and transferability of such research. In the current work four studies are presented which used similar methods. Standardised measures of cognitive function were administered to Authorised Firearms Officers (AFOs) after completion of immersive tactical training scenarios. The te...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Effects of Stereotype Threat and Prior Task Success on Older Adults’ Eyewitness Memory
We examined whether stereotype threat affects older adults’ eyewitness memory and whether prior task success can improve older adults’ eyewitness memory. In Experiment 1, older adults were placed under stereotype threat or not; then they viewed a video of a crime and later attempted to recall it. Participants in the threat condition remembered fewer person, object, action, and location details from the video and were less accurate answering questions on a cued-recall task than those who were not under threat. In Experiment 2, older adults were either given prior task success (on a word fragment test) or not, before vie...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Holding Yourself Captive: Perceptions of Custody During Interviews and Interrogations
Publication date: Available online 10 April 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Fabiana Alceste, Timothy J. Luke, Saul M. KassinPolice custody activates important legal safeguards. To determine custody, courts examine objective conditions and ask whether a “reasonable person” would feel free to leave while being questioned. In Study 1, student participants were either interviewed or interrogated about a staged theft they believed to be real. Interviews and interrogations embodied specific factors considered noncustodial or custodial, respectively. Observers then watched videos of t...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

When Does Practice Testing Promote Transfer on Deductive Reasoning Tasks?
Publication date: Available online 11 April 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Kathryn T. Wissman, Amanda Zamary, Katherine A. RawsonTran et al. (2015) evaluated whether engaging in practice testing versus restudy promotes transfer and concluded that testing does not enhance performance on a deductive reasoning task. The current research further evaluated Tran et al. (2015) and an alternative explanation for the observed effect—namely, that testing did not enhance memory for the information required to complete the deductive reasoning task. Learners studied premises from four scenar...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The Benefits of a Self-Generated Cue Mnemonic for Timeline Interviewing
Publication date: Available online 21 April 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Feni Kontogianni, Lorraine Hope, Paul J. Taylor, Aldert Vrij, Fiona GabbertObtaining detailed accounts from individuals who have witnessed complex events under challenging encoding conditions presents a difficulty for investigators. In the present research, participants (N = 132) reported their recall of an event witnessed under full or divided attention using a timeline reporting format. Extending the timeline technique to assess the relative performance of two additional mnemonics—self-generat...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research