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When Expert Decision Making Goes Wrong: Consensus, Bias, the Role of Experts, and Accuracy
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): Itiel E. Dror, Jeff Kukucka, Saul M. Kassin, Patricia A. Zapf (Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Comment on Kukucka, Kassin, Zapf, and Dror (2017), “Cognitive Bias and Blindness: A Global Survey of Forensic Science Examiners”
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): William R. Oliver (Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Forget in a Flash: A Further Investigation of the Photo-Taking-Impairment Effect
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): Julia S. Soares, Benjamin C. StormA photo-taking-impairment effect has been observed such that participants are less likely to remember objects they photograph than objects they only observe. According to the offloading hypothesis, taking photos allows people to offload organic memory onto the camera's prosthetic memory, which they can rely upon to “remember” for them. We tested this hypothesis by manipulating whether participants perceived photo-taking as capable of serving as a form of offloading. In E...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

What Learning Strategies Do Academic Support Centers Recommend to Undergraduates?
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): Jennifer A. McCabeThis survey study examined the learning strategy recommendations and endorsements made by heads of academic support centers at 77 institutions of higher education. Participants answered open-ended and forced-choice items regarding various strategies. Several evidence-based strategies were endorsed and frequently recommended (e.g., self-testing, discussing course materials, answering questions, teaching materials to others, spacing study sessions), but some (e.g., multi-modal coding, interle...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Using Specific Model Statements to Elicit Information and Cues to Deceit in Information-Gathering Interviews
This study examined tailored Model Statements, emphasising either spatial (Spatial-MS), or temporal (Temporal-MS) details, compared to a control condition (no-MS). Participants (63 liars, 63 truth-tellers) were randomly allocated to one of three interviewing conditions. Truth-tellers honestly reported a spy mission, whereas liars performed a covert mission and lied about their activities. The Spatial-MS elicited more spatial details than the control, particularly for truth-tellers. The Temporal-MS elicited more temporal details than the control, for truth-tellers and liars combined. Results indicate that the composition of...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Theory of Mind and the Detection of Suspicious Behavior
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): Neil Brewer, Audrey Bay Wei Ying, Robyn L. Young, Yong-Hwee NahTwo studies examined whether deficits in theory of mind—the ability to understand and predict the intent, behaviors, and emotions of others—are related to slowness in recognizing that there is something suspicious about the way in which an interaction is unfolding. Participants listened to vignettes, some culminating in a crime, and indicated when they detected something suspicious about the situation unfolding in the scenario. Theory of mind...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The Effect of Question Placement on Learning from Textbook Chapters
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): Oyku Uner, Henry L. RoedigerRetrieval practice enhances learning of short passages, but its effectiveness for authentic educational materials such as textbook chapters is not well established. In the current experiment, students studied a 40-page textbook chapter on biology. Retrieval practice with correct-answer feedback was manipulated within subjects: some questions appeared only after a chapter section, others only after the whole chapter, and yet others at both times. Two groups served as controls: the ...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Does Covert Retrieval Benefit Learning of Key-Term Definitions?
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): Sarah K. Tauber, Amber E. Witherby, John Dunlosky, Katherine A. Rawson, Adam L. Putnam, Henry L. RoedigerEven though retrieval practice typically has a robust, positive influence on memory, response format (overt vs. covert retrieval) may moderate its effect when students learn complex material. Overt retrieval is likely to promote exhaustive retrieval, whereas covert retrieval may not be exhaustive for familiar key terms. In two experiments, students were instructed to study key-term definitions and were as...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Macrocognition in Submarine Command and Control: A Comparison of three Simulated Operational Scenarios
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): Aaron P.J. Roberts, Neville A. StantonSubmarine command and control operations are not well understood, but they are an exemplar of macrocognition. For the first time, this study compares three operational scenarios in a simulated submarine control room: returning to periscope depth (RTPD), inshore operations (INSO), and dived tracking of contact (DT). The event analysis of systematic teamwork (EAST) method was used to model macrocognition by way of social, task, and information networks. Results indicate th...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Generative models as a third paradigm for decision making: A response to Markman
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): Korey MacDougall, Frank E. Ritter (Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Measuring Decision Accuracy and Confidence of Mock Air Defence Operators
This study aimed to understand more fully some of the factors that influence decisions as related to air defence in a naval vessel's operation room. The study considered the impact of decision criticality (DC) and task load (TL) on measures of accuracy, confidence, and within-subjects confidence-accuracy (W-S C-A; a measure of metacognition). Personality constructs, workload, and situational awareness were also assessed. Participants were allocated to either a high, moderate, or low TL condition. Each took part in a computer-generated simulated air defence scenario where they were required to make a range of decisions and ...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

On the Importance of Mental Time Frames: A Case for the Need of Empirical Methods to Investigate Adaptive Expertise
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): Anton Axelsson, Anders A. JanssonIt has been suggested by Holyoak (1991) that research on expertise can be divided into three generations. The first two focused on expertise as heuristic search and expertise as refined routines. The third generation acknowledges the adaptive character of expertise, which is the topic discussed here. We take as the starting point the operational definition of adaptive expertise, and the three key elements of adaptive performance for individuals and teams recently suggested by...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Adaptive Skill as the Conditio Sine Qua Non of Expertise
We present an overview of current models of expertise including a project that we completed for the UK Ministry of Defence on the nature of adaptive skill. We discuss implications for future training by presenting empirically based training principles designed to develop adaptive skill. We assert that adaptive skill is the conditio sine qua non of expertise and conclude with suggestions for further research. (Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Naturalistic Decision Making Under Uncertainty: Theoretical and Methodological Developments – An Introduction to the Special Section
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): Julie Gore, Paul Ward (Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Combining the Strengths of Naturalistic and Laboratory Decision-Making Research to Create Integrative Theories of Choice
Publication date: March 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 1Author(s): Arthur B. MarkmanNaturalistic decision-making research contrasts with traditional laboratory research along a number of dimensions. It is typically more observational, more focused on expert performance, and more attentive to the context in which decisions are made than laboratory studies. This approach helps to shore up some of the weaknesses of laboratory research by providing incentive to develop integrative theories of choice and examining strong methods of problem solving in a choice domain. This paper ...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research