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From Cognitive Tasks to Cognitive Theories and Back Again: Fitting Data to the Real World
Publication date: December 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 4Author(s): Patricia A. Reuter-Lorenz, Alexandru D. Iordan (Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - December 9, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Eyewitness Memory Distortion Following Co-Witness Discussion: A Replication of Garry, French, Kinzett, and Mori (2008) in Ten Countries
We examined the replicability of the co-witness suggestibility effect originally reported by Garry et al. (2008) by testing participants from 10 countries (Brazil, Canada, Colombia, India, Japan, Malaysia, Poland, Portugal, Turkey, and the United Kingdom; total N = 486). Pairs of participants sat beside each other, viewing different versions of the same movie while believing that they viewed the same version. Later, participant pairs answered questions collaboratively, which guided them to discuss conflicting details. Finally, participants took a recognition test individually. Each of the 10 samples replicated th...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - November 17, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Human Cognition: Common Principles and Individual Variation
Publication date: Available online 13 November 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Robert LogieA core assumption in cognitive psychology is that common principles govern the functioning of human cognition. I argue that there may be such common principles, but people may use their cognition in different ways to perform the same task in the laboratory and in everyday life. There is a tendency in cognitive psychology research to focus on theories of tasks rather than theories of how the cognitive system might perform those tasks. This raises concerns about widespread reliance in cognitive...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - November 14, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Belief in Fake News is Associated with Delusionality, Dogmatism, Religious Fundamentalism, and Reduced Analytic Thinking
Publication date: Available online 24 October 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Michael V. Bronstein, Gordon Pennycook, Adam Bear, David G. Rand, Tyrone D. CannonDelusion-prone individuals may be more likely to accept even delusion-irrelevant implausible ideas because of their tendency to engage in less analytic and less actively open-minded thinking. Consistent with this suggestion, two online studies with over 900 participants demonstrated that although delusion-prone individuals were no more likely to believe true news headlines, they displayed an increased belief in “fake news�...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - October 25, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Deviation from Perfect Performance Measures the Diagnostic Utility of Eyewitness Lineups but Partial Area Under the ROC Curve Does Not
Publication date: Available online 15 October 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Andrew M. Smith, James Michael Lampinen, Gary L. Wells, Laura Smalarz, Simona MackovichovaWhen one lineup identification procedure leads to both fewer innocent–suspect identifications and fewer culprit identifications than does some other lineup procedure, it is difficult to determine whether the procedures differ in diagnostic accuracy. In an influential article, Wixted and Mickes (2012) argued that measures of probative value do not inform diagnostic accuracy in these situations but that the partial a...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - October 16, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Contaminated Confessions: How Source and Consistency of Confession Details Influence Memory and Attributions
Publication date: Available online 8 October 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Fabiana Alceste, William E. Crozier, Deryn StrangeVia “contamination,” false confessions usually contain accurate and nonpublic details, and details that are inconsistent with the case facts (Garrett, 2010). In two studies (N1 = 476; N2 = 364), we replicated previous findings that inconsistent confessions yield fewer guilty verdicts than accurate confessions (Henderson and Levett, 2016, Palmer et al., 2016). The source of the details in a confession (interrogator vs. suspect) also i...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - October 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Should Participants be Left to their Own Devices? Comparing Paper and Smartphone Diaries in Psychological Research
Publication date: Available online 5 October 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Andrew Laughland, Lia KvavilashviliGrowing smartphone ownership creates unprecedented opportunities for using participants’ own smartphones as diaries to record transient phenomena in daily life. In three studies, we assessed the hypothesis that participant-owned smartphone diaries would result in superior compliance and higher number of recorded entries than the traditional paper-diary method. Paper and smartphone diaries were compared for self-initiated recording of involuntary autobiographical memorie...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - October 6, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Using the Model Statement to Elicit Verbal Differences Between Truth Tellers and Liars: The Benefit of Examining Core and Peripheral Details
Publication date: Available online 21 September 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Sharon Leal, Aldert Vrij, Haneen Deeb, Louise JupeResearch has shown that a model statement elicits more information during an interview and that truth tellers and liars report a similar amount of extra information. We hypothesised that veracity differences would arise if the total amount of information would be split up into core details and peripheral details. A total of 119 truth tellers and liars reported a stand-out event that they had experienced in the last two years. Truth tellers had actually e...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - September 22, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Can Reality Monitoring Criteria Distinguish Between True and False Intentions?
Publication date: Available online 18 September 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Erik Mac Giolla, Karl Ask, Pär Anders Granhag, Annica KarlssonThe current study examines the potential for the verbal deception detection tool reality monitoring (RM) to distinguish between statements of true and false intentions. Truth tellers (n = 50) honestly described a future trip they were to go on. Liars (n = 50) described a future trip that they claimed, but were in fact not, to go on. Their statements were subsequently coded according to twelve RM criteria. Six of the crite...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - September 19, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Refutations of Equivocal Claims: No Evidence for an Ironic Effect of Counterargument Number
This study investigated the refutation of equivocal claims using counterarguments. Common sense suggests that more counterarguments should be more effective at inducing belief change. However, some researchers have argued that in persuasive reasoning, using too many arguments might lead to counterproductive skepticism and reactance. Thus, there have been calls to actively curtail the number of counterarguments used in refutations to avoid risking an “overkill backfire effect”—an ironic strengthening of beliefs from too many counterarguments. In three experiments, we tested whether calls to limit the number of counter...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - September 13, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

When the Unlikely Becomes Likely: Qualifying Language Does Not Influence Later Truth Judgments
Publication date: Available online 13 September 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Matthew L. Stanley, Brenda W. Yang, Elizabeth J. MarshJudgments and decisions are frequently made under uncertainty. People often express and interpret this uncertainty with epistemic qualifiers (e.g., likely, improbable). We investigate the extent to which qualifiers influence truth judgments over time. In four studies, participants studied qualified statements, and two days later they rated the truth of previously qualified statements along with new statements. Previously qualified statements were rat...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - September 13, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Introduction to the 2017 J. Don Read Early Career Award from the Society for Applied Research in Memory and Cognition: Andrew C. Butler
Publication date: September 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 3Author(s): Henry L. Roediger (Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - September 11, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Testing Judgments of Learning in New Contexts to Reduce Confidence
Publication date: Available online 1 September 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Gabriel D. Saenz, Steven M. SmithStudents often prepare for exams by restudying slides or notes, but the familiarity of these repeatedly reinstated contexts may influence students to be unduly confident in their knowledge, and cease study prematurely. Experiment 1 investigated the effects of reinstatement of encoding contexts during delayed judgments of learning (JOLs) in a laboratory paradigm. At encoding, word pairs were superimposed over unrelated 5-s video contexts, with one video context per target....
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - September 1, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

The Use of Visual Aids in Forensic Interviews with Children
We examined interviewers’ use of visual aids (e.g., diagrams, dolls, drawings), their questioning strategies, children's productivity, and factors associated with visual aid use in 98 forensic interviews with children (6–16 years) about sexual abuse. Use of aids was common: 62% of interviews included at least one, with sketch-plans being the most common (74% of interviews using aids). Interviewers predominantly asked direct (“wh-”) questions alongside visual aids. Interviews with aids comprised fewer invitations than interviews without them (excluding questions that were asked alongside aids). Visual aids did not i...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - August 30, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Humans and Algorithms for Facial Recognition: The Effects of Candidate List Length and Experience on Performance
Publication date: Available online 30 August 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Rebecca Heyer, Carolyn Semmler, Andrew T. HendricksonThese experiments investigated how the candidate list displayed to facial reviewers affects their performance in a one-to-many unfamiliar face matching task. Automated facial recognition systems present the results of a database search and require selection of an image that matches the target. Few studies investigate how humans in combination with facial recognition algorithms perform within different operational contexts. These experiments investigated ...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - August 30, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research