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Sweat So You Don’t Forget: Exercise Breaks During a University Lecture Increase On-Task Attention and Learning
We examined the impact of taking exercise breaks, non-exercise breaks, or no breaks on learning among first year Introductory Psychology students. Three 5-minute breaks were equally distributed throughout a 50-minute computer-based video lecture. The exercise breaks group performed a series of callisthenic exercises; the non-exercise breaks group played a computer game; the no breaks group watched the lecture without breaks. Mind-wandering questions measured attention during the lecture. Exercise breaks promoted attention throughout the lecture compared to no breaks and non-exercise breaks, and resulted in superior learnin...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Applying Self-Processing Biases in Education: Improving Learning Through Ownership
Publication date: Available online 1 June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Sheila J. Cunningham, Lynda Scott, Jacqui Hutchison, Josephine Ross, Douglas MartinAccepting ownership of an item is an effective way of associating it with self, evoking self-processing biases that enhance memory. This memory advantage occurs even in ownership games, where items are arbitrarily divided between participants to temporarily “own.” The current study tested the educational applications of ownership games across two experiments. In Experiment 1, 7- to 9-year-old children were asked to choose t...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Comment on Dror, Kukucka, Kassin, and Zapf (2018), “When Expert Decision Making Goes Wrong”
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): William R. Oliver (Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Written cues provoke involuntary cognitions about a trauma analogue
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Jacinta M. Oulton, Melanie K.T. TakarangiAfter trauma people commonly experience intrusive memories and involuntary elaborative cognitions, such as imagined future events. Involuntary elaborative cognitions differ from intrusive memories because they involve the construction of a novel scenario, rather than the retrieval of a specific past event. Presenting multiple, unrelated cues together—compared to isolated cues—might elicit more elaborative cognitions by encouraging the extraction of distinct memory ...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Improving Identity Matching of Newly Encountered Faces: Effects of Multi-image Training
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Claire M. Matthews, Catherine J. MondlochHumans are error-prone at matching identity in photos of unfamiliar faces, especially in ambient images that incorporate natural variability in appearance. Nonetheless, matching faces to photographs is heavily relied upon in applied settings (e.g., when crossing the border). Whereas past training protocols emphasized discriminating highly similar identities, we incorporated within-person variability in appearance during training and in our identity-matching task. On ea...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Do You Know Him? Gaze Dynamics Toward Familiar Faces on a Concealed Information Test
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Oryah C. Lancry-Dayan, Tal Nahari, Gershon Ben-Shakhar, Yoni PertzovCan gaze position reveal concealed knowledge? During visual processing, gaze allocation is influenced not only by features of the visual input, but also by previous exposure to objects. However, the dynamics of gaze allocation toward personally familiar items remains unclear, especially in the context of revealing concealed familiarity. When memorizing four pictures of faces on a short term memory task, participants’ gaze was initially dire...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

No One is Immune to Contextual Bias—Not Even Forensic Pathologists
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Itiel E. Dror, Jeff Kukucka, Saul M. Kassin, Patricia A. Zapf (Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Sketching as a Technique to Eliciting Information and Cues to Deceit in Interpreter-Based Interviews
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Aldert Vrij, Sharon Leal, Ronald P. Fisher, Samantha Mann, Gary Dalton, Eunkyung Jo, Alla Shaboltas, Maria Khaleeva, Juliana Granskaya, Kate HoustonWe tested the effect of sketching while providing a narrative on eliciting information, eliciting cues to deceit, and lie detection in interpreter-absent and interpreter-present interviews. A total of 204 participants from the USA (Hispanic participants only), Russia, and the Republic of Korea were interviewed in their native language by native interviewers or by ...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Assessment of Expert Performance Compared Across Professional Domains
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Rick P. Thomas, Ashley LawrenceIn this paper, we review several task characteristics to explain why experts across domains differ in their level of skill (expertise). Domains may have low levels of professional competency because of difficulty measuring relevant outcomes, impoverished performance feedback, and lack of accurate assessment tools or decision aids. Acknowledging that domains differ furthers research on expertise because it elucidates some common controversies. For example, the role of nurture (jo...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Cognitive Influences on Complex Performance Assessment: Lessons from the Interplay between Medicine and Psychology
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Kevin W. EvaThe assessment of healthcare professionals is a critical determinant of patient safety and healthcare quality, playing both a gatekeeping function and a path toward performance improvement. Given the complexity of physician–patient interactions and the inadequacy of self-assessment for judging one's own strengths and weaknesses, medicine exemplifies a domain in which adequate assessment is dependent on the perceptions and perspectives of observers. Such perspectives are susceptible to influences...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Using Cognitive Psychology Research to Inform Professional Visual Search Operations
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Adam T. Biggs, Michelle R. Kramer, Stephen R. MitroffVisual search—locating target(s) among distractors—is a common practice that can range in difficulty from trivially easy to nearly impossible. Professional searches (e.g., airport security, radiology) typically are among the most complicated and challenging tasks, and also often among the most important. The current discussion examines empirical findings in the cognitive psychology literature that contribute to professional search operations, with an em...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Are Forensic Scientists Experts?
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Alice Towler, David White, Kaye Ballantyne, Rachel A. Searston, Kristy A. Martire, Richard I. KempDespite playing a critical role in our criminal justice system, very little is known about the expertise of forensic scientists. Here, we review three disciplines where research has begun to investigate such expertise: handwriting analysis, fingerprint examination, and facial image comparison. We assess expertise against the scientific standard, but conclude that meeting this standard does not provide a sufficien...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Evaluating Merit Among Scientists
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Robert J. SternbergWhat makes some scientists distinguished and others hardly noticeable? How does one know who's who? In this article, I consider various means for judging the scholarly merit of a scientist and, further, some of the psychological issues involved when judgments are made regarding the distinction of scientists. I emphasize in particular four criteria: quality, productivity, visibility, and impact. The main ways of judging scientists on the basis of these criteria are peer judgments, quantity o...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

What Professionals Know: Contributions of Cognitive Science to the Assessment of Professional Competence
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Richard E. Mayer (Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Reducing the Consequences of Acute Stress on Memory Retrieval
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Amy M. Smith, Ayanna K. ThomasPsychological stress has been shown to impair episodic memory retrieval. Implicated in this memory impairment is the physiological stress response, which interferes with retrieval-related neural processing. An important next step in research is to determine how to improve post-stress memory accessibility. In this review, we first consider methodological differences in studies that have examined stress and memory, as they lend insight into the conditions under which stress does an...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 5, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research