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Narrative Identity and Grief Reactions: A Prospective Study of Bereaved Partners
Publication date: Available online 11 May 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Dorthe Kirkegaard Thomsen, Marie Lundorff, Anette Damkier, Maja O’ConnorThe purpose of the study was to explore relations between narrative identity and reactions to bereavement. Approximately 2–3 months after losing their partner, 161 older participants completed questionnaires measuring grief symptoms, positive affect, and neuroticism. They also described past and future chapters in their life stories and rated chapters on positive and negative emotional tone. Past chapters were coded for whether they w...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Reality Monitoring in the Forensic Context: Digging Deeper into the Speech of Liars
Publication date: Available online 18 May 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Galit NahariReality monitoring (RM) indicates that truthful accounts contain more perceptual and contextual details than false accounts. Considering the tendency of liars to manipulate their accounts by adding false details, I compared truths and lies in terms of the amount and veracity of details provided by suspects across three conditions: a single statement provided immediately; a single statement following a two-week delay; or two statements, the first provided immediately and the second following a two-...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

An Introduction to the Forum: Cognitive Perspectives on the Assessment of Professional Competence
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Andrew C. Butler (Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Individual Differences in Learning Exemplars Versus Abstracting Rules: Associations with Exam Performance in College Science
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Mark A. McDaniel, Michall J. Cahill, Regina F. Frey, Michael Rauch, James Doele, David Ruvolo, Megan M. DaschbachStudents may do well answering exam questions that are similar to examples presented in class. Yet, some of these students perform poorly on exam questions that require applying instructed concepts to a new problem whereas others fare better on such questions. Our hypothesis is that these performance differences reflect, in part, individual differences in learners’ tendencies to focus on acquirin...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Testing Encourages Transfer Between Factual and Application Questions in an Online Learning Environment
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Ruthann C. Thomas, Christina R. Weywadt, Janis L. Anderson, Brenda Martinez-Papponi, Mark A. McDanielQuizzing improves retention compared to additional study opportunities, a phenomenon known as test-enhanced learning. Two experiments investigated whether the type of question at quiz improves retention for factual and applied course material on exams in an online college course. Students were given quizzes with either factual questions or questions designed to encourage application of a particular concept. As...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Sweat So You Don’t Forget: Exercise Breaks During a University Lecture Increase On-Task Attention and Learning
We examined the impact of taking exercise breaks, non-exercise breaks, or no breaks on learning among first year Introductory Psychology students. Three 5-minute breaks were equally distributed throughout a 50-minute computer-based video lecture. The exercise breaks group performed a series of callisthenic exercises; the non-exercise breaks group played a computer game; the no breaks group watched the lecture without breaks. Mind-wandering questions measured attention during the lecture. Exercise breaks promoted attention throughout the lecture compared to no breaks and non-exercise breaks, and resulted in superior learnin...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Applying Self-Processing Biases in Education: Improving Learning Through Ownership
Publication date: Available online 1 June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and CognitionAuthor(s): Sheila J. Cunningham, Lynda Scott, Jacqui Hutchison, Josephine Ross, Douglas MartinAccepting ownership of an item is an effective way of associating it with self, evoking self-processing biases that enhance memory. This memory advantage occurs even in ownership games, where items are arbitrarily divided between participants to temporarily “own.” The current study tested the educational applications of ownership games across two experiments. In Experiment 1, 7- to 9-year-old children were asked to choose t...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Comment on Dror, Kukucka, Kassin, and Zapf (2018), “When Expert Decision Making Goes Wrong”
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): William R. Oliver (Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Written cues provoke involuntary cognitions about a trauma analogue
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Jacinta M. Oulton, Melanie K.T. TakarangiAfter trauma people commonly experience intrusive memories and involuntary elaborative cognitions, such as imagined future events. Involuntary elaborative cognitions differ from intrusive memories because they involve the construction of a novel scenario, rather than the retrieval of a specific past event. Presenting multiple, unrelated cues together—compared to isolated cues—might elicit more elaborative cognitions by encouraging the extraction of distinct memory ...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Improving Identity Matching of Newly Encountered Faces: Effects of Multi-image Training
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Claire M. Matthews, Catherine J. MondlochHumans are error-prone at matching identity in photos of unfamiliar faces, especially in ambient images that incorporate natural variability in appearance. Nonetheless, matching faces to photographs is heavily relied upon in applied settings (e.g., when crossing the border). Whereas past training protocols emphasized discriminating highly similar identities, we incorporated within-person variability in appearance during training and in our identity-matching task. On ea...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Do You Know Him? Gaze Dynamics Toward Familiar Faces on a Concealed Information Test
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Oryah C. Lancry-Dayan, Tal Nahari, Gershon Ben-Shakhar, Yoni PertzovCan gaze position reveal concealed knowledge? During visual processing, gaze allocation is influenced not only by features of the visual input, but also by previous exposure to objects. However, the dynamics of gaze allocation toward personally familiar items remains unclear, especially in the context of revealing concealed familiarity. When memorizing four pictures of faces on a short term memory task, participants’ gaze was initially dire...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

No One is Immune to Contextual Bias—Not Even Forensic Pathologists
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Itiel E. Dror, Jeff Kukucka, Saul M. Kassin, Patricia A. Zapf (Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition)
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Sketching as a Technique to Eliciting Information and Cues to Deceit in Interpreter-Based Interviews
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Aldert Vrij, Sharon Leal, Ronald P. Fisher, Samantha Mann, Gary Dalton, Eunkyung Jo, Alla Shaboltas, Maria Khaleeva, Juliana Granskaya, Kate HoustonWe tested the effect of sketching while providing a narrative on eliciting information, eliciting cues to deceit, and lie detection in interpreter-absent and interpreter-present interviews. A total of 204 participants from the USA (Hispanic participants only), Russia, and the Republic of Korea were interviewed in their native language by native interviewers or by ...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Assessment of Expert Performance Compared Across Professional Domains
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Rick P. Thomas, Ashley LawrenceIn this paper, we review several task characteristics to explain why experts across domains differ in their level of skill (expertise). Domains may have low levels of professional competency because of difficulty measuring relevant outcomes, impoverished performance feedback, and lack of accurate assessment tools or decision aids. Acknowledging that domains differ furthers research on expertise because it elucidates some common controversies. For example, the role of nurture (jo...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research

Cognitive Influences on Complex Performance Assessment: Lessons from the Interplay between Medicine and Psychology
Publication date: June 2018Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition, Volume 7, Issue 2Author(s): Kevin W. EvaThe assessment of healthcare professionals is a critical determinant of patient safety and healthcare quality, playing both a gatekeeping function and a path toward performance improvement. Given the complexity of physician–patient interactions and the inadequacy of self-assessment for judging one's own strengths and weaknesses, medicine exemplifies a domain in which adequate assessment is dependent on the perceptions and perspectives of observers. Such perspectives are susceptible to influences...
Source: Journal of Applied Research in Memory and Cognition - July 10, 2018 Category: Neuroscience Source Type: research