Modulation of acute effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol on psychotomimetic effects, cognition and brain function by previous cannabis exposure
Cannabis use has been associated with psychosis and cognitive dysfunction. Some evidence suggests that the acute behavioral and neurocognitive effects of the main active ingredient in cannabis, ( −)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆9-THC), might be modulated by previous cannabis exposure. However, this has not been investigated either using a control group of non-users, or following abstinence in modest cannabis users, who represent the majority of recreational users. Twenty-four healthy men participated in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, repeated-measures, within-subject, ∆9-THC challenge study. (Sou...
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - June 21, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marco Colizzi, Philip McGuire, Vincent Giampietro, Steve Williams, Mick Brammer, Sagnik Bhattacharyya Source Type: research
Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of low-dose and high-dose baclofen in the treatment of alcohol dependence: A systematic review and meta-analysis
A systematic review of the current literature on the efficacy of baclofen, particularly the effect of dosing, for the treatment of alcohol dependence (AD) is missing. We therefore conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of currently available randomized placebo-controlled trials (RCTs). A systematic literature search for RCTs in AD patients comparing baclofen to placebo was performed in September 2017. The effect of baclofen treatment, and the moderating effects of baclofen dosing (low-dose (LDB) 30 –60 mg versus high-dose (HDB) targeted as>60 mg/day), and the amount of alcohol consumption before inclusion w...
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - June 19, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Mimi Pierce, Arjen Sutterland, Esther M. Beraha, Kirsten Morley, Wim van den Brink Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Effect of electroconvulsive therapy on neural response to affective pictures: A randomized, sham-controlled fMRI study
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is the most effective treatment for severe depression but its neurocognitive mechanisms are unclear. This randomized, sham-controlled functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study explored the effects of a single ECT on neural response to affective pictures. Twenty-seven patients with major depressive disorder were randomized to a single active ECT (N = 15) or sham (N = 12) session in a double-blind, parallel-group design. On the following day, patients underwent fMRI during which they viewed pleasant, unpleasant and neutral pictures and performed a free recall test after the s...
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - June 8, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: KW Miskowiak, J Macoveanu, MB J ørgensen, CV Ott, MM Støttrup, HM Jensen, A Jørgensen, CJ Harmer, OB Paulson, HR Siebner, LV Kessing Source Type: research
Attaining in vivo selectivity of positive modulation of α3βγ2 GABAA receptors in rats: A hard task!
It is unclear whether GABAA receptors (GABAARs) that contain the α3-subunit are substantially involved in the anxiolytic effects of benzodiazepines (BDZs). In the present study, we tested YT-III-31, a newer BDZ ligand with functional preference for α3βγ2 GABAARs, in two paradigms of unconditioned anxiety, the open field and elevated plus maze in rats. The eff ective dose of YT-III-31 (2 mg/kg) displayed a clear anxiolytic-like profile, unhampered by sedative action, in both tests. At a higher dose (10 mg/kg), YT-III-31 induced ataxia in the rotarod and sedation in spontaneous locomotor activity test. (Source: Europ...
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - June 8, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Bojan Batini ć, Tamara Stanković, Michael Rajesh Stephen, Revathi Kodali, Veera V. Tiruveedhula, Guanguan Li, Petra Scholze, Bojan D. Marković, Aleksandar Lj. Obradović, Margot Ernst, James M. Cook, Miroslav M. Savić Source Type: research
Role of adipokines FGF21, leptin and adiponectin in self-concept of youths with obesity
The increasing worldwide prevalence of obesity in youths is one of the most challenging healthcare problems (Ng et al., 2014). While the physical effects of overweight in youth have been widely documented (Schmidt, 2015), less is known about the psychosocial burden of excess weight, and what is known is largely confined to isolated aspect of psychosocial function such as low self-esteem, depression or body dissatisfaction (Pulgaron, 2013). Moreover, the mechanisms by which obesity increases risk of psychosocial disorder remain unclear (Pulgaron, 2013). (Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology)
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - June 8, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Ge Li, Dan Feng, Xiaoxue Qu, Junling Fu, Yonghui Wang, Lianxia Li, Lujiao Li, Lanwen Han, Issy C. Esangbedo, Mingyao Li, Ming Li, Shan Gao Source Type: research
Translating molecular advances in Down syndrome and Fragile X syndrome into therapies
Ongoing treatments for genetic developmental disorders of the central nervous system are mostly symptomatic and do not correct the genetic cause. Recent identification of common mechanisms between diseases has suggested that new therapeutic targets could be applied across intellectual disabilities with potential disease-modifying properties. The European Down syndrome and other genetic developmental disorders (DSG2D) network joined basic and clinical scientists to foster this research and carry out clinical trials. (Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology)
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - June 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Victor Faundez, Ilario De Toma, Barbara Bardoni, Renata Bartesaghi, Dean Nizetic, Rafael de la Torre, Roi Cohen Kadosh, Yann Herault, Mara Dierssen, Marie-Claude Potier, The Down Syndrome and Other Genetic Developmental Disorders ECNP Network Tags: REVIEW Source Type: research
Probing the endocannabinoid system in healthy volunteers: Cannabidiol alters fronto-striatal resting-state connectivity
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and Cannabidiol (CBD) are two substances from cannabis sativa that have beenimplicated in the treatment of mental and neurological disorders. We concentrated on a previously validated neuroimaging phenotype, fronto-striatal connectivity across different striatal seeds, because of this loop's relevance to executive functioning, decision making, salience generation and motivation and its link to various neuropsychiatric conditions. Therefore, we studied the effect of THC and CBD on fronto-striatal circuitry by a seed-voxel connectivity approach using seeds from the caudate and the putamen. (Source:...
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - June 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Oliver Grimm, Martin L öffler, Sandra Kamping, Aljoscha Hartmann, Cathrin Rohleder, Markus Leweke, Herta Flor Source Type: research
Nitrous oxide may interfere with the reconsolidation of drinking memories in hazardous drinkers in a prediction-error-dependent manner
Weakening drinking-related reward memories by blocking their reconsolidation is a potential novel strategy for treating alcohol use disorders. However, few viable pharmacological options exist for reconsolidation interference in humans. We therefore examined whether the NMDA receptor antagonising gas, Nitrous Oxide (N2O) could reduce drinking by preventing the post-retrieval restabilisation of alcohol memories in a group of hazardous drinkers. Critically, we focussed on whether prediction error (PE; a key determinant of reconsolidation) was experienced at retrieval. (Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology)
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - June 7, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: R.K. Das, K. Walsh, J. Hannaford, A.I. Lazzarino, S.K. Kamboj Source Type: research
Multimodal neuroimaging measures and intelligence influence pedophile child sexual offense behavior
Pedophilia is a heterogeneous disorder for which the neurobiological correlates are not well established. In particular, there are no biological markers identifying individuals with high risk to commit child sexual offense (CSO). Pedophiles with CSO (P+CSO; N = 73), pedophiles without CSO (P-CSO; N = 77), and non-pedophilic controls (NPC; N = 133) were assessed using multimodal structural neuroimaging measures including: cortical thickness (CT), surface area (SA), and white matter fractional anisotropy (FA), as well as full scale IQ (FSIQ) performance. (Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology)
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - June 4, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Tristram A. Lett, Sebastian Mohnke, Till Amelung, Eva J. Brandl, Kolja Schiltz, Alexander Pohl, Hannah Gerwinn, Christian K ärgel, Claudia Massau, Gilian Tenbergen, Matthias Wittfoth, Jonas Kneer, Klaus M. Beier, Martin Walter, Jorge Ponseti, Tillmann H. Source Type: research
Childhood abuse and white matter integrity in bipolar disorder patients and healthy controls
Childhood trauma has a negative impact on the developing brain and increases the risk for almost all psychiatric disorders including bipolar disorder. White matter abnormalities may play a role in the persistently increased risk for bipolar disorder following childhood trauma.We therefore examined the influence of childhood abuse and neglect on white matter integrity using diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), quantified as fractional anisotropy (FA), in patients with bipolar I disorder (N = 251) and healthy controls (N = 163). (Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology)
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - June 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Remi Stevelink, Lucija Abramovic, Sanne Verkooijen, Marieke J.H. Begemann, Iris E.C. Sommer, Marco P. Boks, Rene C.W. Mandl, Neeltje E.M. van Haren, Christiaan H. Vinkers Source Type: research
Epigenetic alterations of the POMC promoter in tobacco dependence
Impaired regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis is substantially involved in several psychiatric disorders. Smoking interferes with HPA axis by activating proopiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons and thus stimulating the expression of POMC. The POMC transcript is processed into several peptide hormones, such as adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), that play a role in stress response and weight control. In alcohol dependence, POMC promoter methylation is associated with craving. (Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology)
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - June 2, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Marc Muschler, Mathias Rhein, Andreas Ritter, Thomas Hillemacher, Helge Frieling, Stefan Bleich, Alexander Glahn Tags: SHORT COMMUNICATION Source Type: research
An interim analysis of a double-blind sham-controlled study on the acute effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder
We describe the interim analysis of a double-blind sham controlled quasi-randomized study on the acute effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Twenty OCD patients were assigned to receive a single session of sham (n=10) or active (2mA) tDCS (n=10) for 30 minutes, with the cathode placed over the central supplementary motor area (SMA) and the anode on the supraorbital region. Assessments of outcome were made at baseline and one hour following tDCS using: a dot-probe task comprising images illustrating different OCD-related scenarios, the Positive an...
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - June 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Nat ália M. Lins Martins, Samara dos Santos-Ribeiro, Erika C. Rodrigues, Fernanda Tovar-Moll, Mara S. da Victoria, Gabriela M. Bezerra de Menezes, Rebecca Segraves, Murat Yücel, Leonardo F. Fontenelle Source Type: research
Internet addiction or psychopathology in disguise? results from a survey of college-aged internet users
Internet addiction, is a term describing pathological, compulsive internet use and has an estimated prevalence of 6% among the general population and higher in students[1]. Extreme internet use may have significant public health importance as it has been attributed to several cardio-pulmonary deaths and at least one murder. While the pathological use of alcohol or drugs has been historically accepted as an addiction, questions remain concerning whether extreme internet use should be conceptualized as an addiction. (Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology)
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - June 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Michael Van Ameringen, William Simpson, Beth Patterson, Jasmine Turna, Zahra Khalesi Tags: ICOCS 2016 Vienna Poster Abstract Source Type: research
Hoarding in users of online classified advertsements
Hoarding disorder (HD) is a mental disorder that has been newly included in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition. It is estimated that 2-6% of adults in the general population suffer from clinically significant hoarding symptoms, with 80 to 90% engaging in excessive acquisition [1]. Little research has examined the excessive acquisition component of hoarding disorder(HD), although preliminary evidence suggests that buying and obtaining free things are markers of HD severity. (Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology)
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - June 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Michael Van Ameringen, Keren Grosman Kaplan, Zahra Khalesi, Jasmine Turna, William Simpson, Beth Patterson Tags: ICOCS Vienna 2016 poster abstract Source Type: research
The effect of emotional cues on event-based prospective memory performance in obsessive compulsive disorder
Prospective memory (PM) is defined as the ability to formulate, retain and carry out intentions, plans and promises at the appropriate time or in the appropriate context. Previous studies found evidence that patients with obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) beside the executive deficit manifest impairment in various PM tasks (Harris et al., 2010; Racsm ány et al., 2011; Yang et al., 2015). Our aim with this study was to investigate the influence of emotional stimuli on event-based PM performance in OCD. (Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology)
Source: European Neuropsychopharmacology - June 1, 2018 Category: Psychiatry & Psychology Authors: Gyula Demeter, Ferenc Kem ény, András Harsányi, Katalin Csigó, Katalin Földesi, Mihály Racsmány Source Type: research
