Phage Lysis: Multiple Genes for Multiple Barriers
Publication date: Available online 28 November 2018Source: Advances in Virus ResearchAuthor(s): Jesse Cahill, Ry YoungAbstractThe first steps in phage lysis involve a temporally controlled permeabilization of the cytoplasmic membrane followed by enzymatic degradation of the peptidoglycan. For Caudovirales of Gram-negative hosts, there are two different systems: the holin-endolysin and pinholin-SAR endolysin pathways. In the former, lysis is initiated when the holin forms micron-scale holes in the inner membrane, releasing active endolysin into the periplasm to degrade the peptidoglycan. In the latter, lysis begins when the...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - November 29, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
The Complex Nature of Tupanviruses
Publication date: Available online 10 November 2018Source: Advances in Virus ResearchAuthor(s): Rodrigo Araújo Lima Rodrigues, Thalita Souza Arantes, Graziele Pereira Oliveira, Ludmila Karen dos Santos Silva, Jônatas Santos AbrahãoAbstractThe discovery of giant viruses revealed a new level of complexity in the virosphere, raising important questions about the diversity, ecology, and evolution of these viruses. The family Mimiviridae was the first group of amoebal giant viruses to be discovered (by Bernard La Scola and Didier Raoult team), containing viruses with structural and genetic features that challenged many conce...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - November 11, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Evolution of the Large Nucleocytoplasmic DNA Viruses of Eukaryotes and Convergent Origins of Viral Gigantism
Publication date: Available online 10 November 2018Source: Advances in Virus ResearchAuthor(s): Eugene V. Koonin, Natalya YutinAbstractThe Nucleocytoplasmic Large DNA Viruses (NCLDV) of eukaryotes (proposed order “Megavirales”) comprise an expansive group of eukaryotic viruses that consists of the families Poxviridae, Asfarviridae, Iridoviridae, Ascoviridae, Phycodnaviridae, Marseilleviridae, Pithoviridae, and Mimiviridae, as well as Pandoraviruses, Molliviruses, and Faustoviruses that so far remain unaccounted by the official virus taxonomy. All these viruses have double-stranded DNA genomes that range in size from ab...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - November 11, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Seven - Viral Manipulation of Plant Stress Responses and Host Interactions With Insects
Publication date: 2018Source: Advances in Virus Research, Volume 102Author(s): John P. Carr, Ruairí Donnelly, Trisna Tungadi, Alex M. Murphy, Sanjie Jiang, Ana Bravo-Cazar, Ju-Yeon Yoon, Nik J. Cunniffe, Beverley J. Glover, Christopher A. GilliganAbstractDo the alterations in plant defensive signaling and metabolism that occur in susceptible hosts following virus infection serve any purpose beyond directly aiding viruses to replicate and spread? Or indeed, are these modifications to host phenotype purely incidental consequences of virus infection? A growing body of data, in particular from studies of viruses vectored by w...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - October 4, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Series Page
Publication date: 2018Source: Advances in Virus Research, Volume 102Author(s): (Source: Advances in Virus Research)
Source: Advances in Virus Research - October 4, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Contributors
Publication date: 2018Source: Advances in Virus Research, Volume 102Author(s): (Source: Advances in Virus Research)
Source: Advances in Virus Research - October 4, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter One - In Memoriam: The Career, Achievements, and Legacy of Milton Zaitlin
Publication date: 2018Source: Advances in Virus Research, Volume 102Author(s): Peter Palukaitis, Marilyn J. Roossinck (Source: Advances in Virus Research)
Source: Advances in Virus Research - October 4, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Two - Development of Model Systems for Plant Rhabdovirus Research
Publication date: 2018Source: Advances in Virus Research, Volume 102Author(s): Andrew O. Jackson, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Michael M. Goodin, Zhenghe LiAbstractThis chapter reviews the discoveries and initial characterizations (1930–1990) of three plant rhabdoviruses, sonchus yellow net virus, potato yellow dwarf virus, and lettuce necrotic yellows virus, that have become model systems for research on this group of enveloped negative-strand RNA plant viruses. We have used our personal perspectives to review the early historical studies of these viruses, the important technologies and tools, such as density gradient centrifugati...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - October 4, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Three - Molecular Modeling for Better Understanding of Cucumovirus Pathology
Publication date: 2018Source: Advances in Virus Research, Volume 102Author(s): Katalin Salánki, Ákos Gellért, Katalin Nemes, Zoltán Divéki, Ervin BalázsAbstractCucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is a small RNA virus capable of infecting a wide variety of plant species. The high economic losses due to the CMV infection made this virus a relevant subject of scientific studies, which were further facilitated by the small size of the viral genome. Hence, CMV also became a model organism to investigate the molecular mechanism of pathogenesis. All viral functions are dependent on intra- and intermolecular interactions between nuc...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - October 4, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Four - Tobamoviruses as Models for the Study of Virus Evolution
Publication date: 2018Source: Advances in Virus Research, Volume 102Author(s): Aurora Fraile, Fernando García-ArenalAbstractThe study of tobacco mosaic virus and other tobamovirus species has greatly contributed to the development of all areas of virology, including virus evolution. Research with tobamoviruses has been pioneer, or particularly significant, in all major areas of research in this field, including: the characterization of the genetic diversity of virus populations, the mechanisms and rates of generation of genetic diversity, the analysis of the genetic structure of virus populations and of the factors that s...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - October 4, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Five - Dichorhaviruses in their Host Plants and Mite Vectors
Publication date: 2018Source: Advances in Virus Research, Volume 102Author(s): Ralf G. Dietzgen, Juliana Freitas-Astúa, Camila Chabi-Jesus, Pedro L. Ramos-González, Michael M. Goodin, Hideki Kondo, Aline D. Tassi, Elliot W. KitajimaAbstractA group of related bacilliform, nuclear viruses with a bisegmented negative-sense RNA genome that are transmitted by Brevipalpus mites likely in a circulative–propagative manner were recently classified in the new genus Dichorhavirus, family Rhabdoviridae. These viruses cause localized lesions on leaves, stems, and fruits of economically significant horticultural and ornamental plant...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - October 4, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Six - TMV Particles: The Journey From Fundamental Studies to Bionanotechnology Applications
Publication date: 2018Source: Advances in Virus Research, Volume 102Author(s): George P. Lomonossoff, Christina WegeAbstractEver since its initial characterization in the 19th century, tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) has played a prominent role in the development of modern virology and molecular biology. In particular, research on the three-dimensional structure of the virus particles and the mechanism by which these assemble from their constituent protein and RNA components has made TMV a paradigm for our current view of the morphogenesis of self-assembling structures, including viral particles. More recently, this knowledge h...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - October 4, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Eight - Integration of Omics Approaches toward Understanding Whitefly Transmission of Viruses
Publication date: 2018Source: Advances in Virus Research, Volume 102Author(s): William M. WintermantelAbstractViruses transmitted by whiteflies are predominantly classified as having either persistent circulative or semipersistent transmission, and the majority of studies have addressed transmission of viruses in the genera Begomovirus (family Geminiviridae) and Crinivirus (family Closteroviridae), respectively. Early studies on vector transmission primarily addressed individual aspects of transmission; however, with the breadth of new technology now available, an increasingly greater number of studies involve coordinated ...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - October 4, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
The Diverse Impacts of Phage Morons on Bacterial Fitness and Virulence
Publication date: Available online 3 October 2018Source: Advances in Virus ResearchAuthor(s): Véronique L. Taylor, Alexa D. Fitzpatrick, Zafrin Islam, Karen L. MaxwellAbstractThe viruses that infect bacteria, known as phages, are the most abundant biological entity on earth. They play critical roles in controlling bacterial populations through phage-mediated killing, as well as through formation of bacterial lysogens. In this form, the survival of the phage depends on the survival of the bacterial host in which it resides. Thus, it is advantageous for phages to encode genes that contribute to bacterial fitness and expand ...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - October 4, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Development of Model Systems for Plant Rhabdovirus Research
Publication date: Available online 30 July 2018Source: Advances in Virus ResearchAuthor(s): Andrew O. Jackson, Ralf G. Dietzgen, Michael M. Goodin, Zhenghe LiAbstractThis chapter reviews the discoveries and initial characterizations (1930–1990) of three plant rhabdoviruses, sonchus yellow net virus, potato yellow dwarf virus, and lettuce necrotic yellows virus, that have become model systems for research on this group of enveloped negative-strand RNA plant viruses. We have used our personal perspectives to review the early historical studies of these viruses, the important technologies and tools, such as density gradient...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - July 30, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
