Chapter Five - Evaluating the Importance of Environmental Persistence for Ranavirus Transmission and Epidemiology
Publication date: 2018Source: Advances in Virus Research, Volume 101Author(s): Jesse L. Brunner, Christian M. YarberAbstractViruses persist outside their hosts in a variety of forms, from naked virions to virus protected in sloughed tissues or carcasses, and for a range of times, all of which affect the likelihood and importance of transmission from the environment. This review synthesizes the literature on environmental persistence of viruses in the genus Ranavirus (family Iridoviridae), which are large double-stranded DNA viruses of ectothermic, often aquatic or semiaquatic vertebrates. Ranaviruses have been associated w...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - July 5, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Six - Plant and Insect Viruses in Managed and Natural Environments: Novel and Neglected Transmission Pathways
Publication date: 2018Source: Advances in Virus Research, Volume 101Author(s): Roger A.C. JonesAbstractThe capacity to spread by diverse transmission pathways enhances a virus’ ability to spread effectively and survive when circumstances change. This review aims to improve understanding of how plant and insect viruses spread through natural and managed environments by drawing attention to 12 novel or neglected virus transmission pathways whose contribution is underestimated. For plant viruses, the pathways reviewed are vertical and horizontal transmission via pollen, and horizontal transmission by parasitic plants, natur...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - July 5, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Seven - Evolutionary Determinants of Host and Vector Manipulation by Plant Viruses
Publication date: 2018Source: Advances in Virus Research, Volume 101Author(s): Kerry E. Mauck, Quentin Chesnais, Lori R. ShapiroAbstractPlant viruses possess adaptations for facilitating acquisition, retention, and inoculation by vectors. Until recently, it was hypothesized that these adaptations are limited to virus proteins that enable virions to bind to vector mouthparts or invade their internal tissues. However, increasing evidence suggests that viruses can also manipulate host plant phenotypes and vector behaviors in ways that enhance their own transmission. Manipulation of vector–host interactions occurs through vi...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - July 5, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Eight - Emerging Viruses in Bees: From Molecules to Ecology
We present a molecule-to-ecology framework to help address these issues, emphasizing the role of molecular mechanisms as key bottom-up drivers of change at higher ecological scales. We consider the bee–virus system to be an ideal one in which to apply this framework. Unlike many other animal models, bees constitute a well characterized and accessible multispecies assemblage, whose populations and interspecific interactions can be experimentally manipulated and monitored in high resolution across space and time to provide robust tests of prevailing theory. (Source: Advances in Virus Research)
Source: Advances in Virus Research - July 5, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Nine - Ecological Complexity in Plant Virus Host Range Evolution
Publication date: 2018Source: Advances in Virus Research, Volume 101Author(s): Michael J. McLeish, Aurora Fraile, Fernando García-ArenalAbstractThe host range of a plant virus is the number of species in which it can reproduce. Most studies of plant virus host range evolution have focused on the genetics of host–pathogen interactions. However, the distribution and abundance of plant viruses and their hosts do not always overlap, and these spatial and temporal discontinuities in plant virus–host interactions can result in various ecological processes that shape host range evolution. Recent work shows that the distribut...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - July 5, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Nine Ecological Complexity in Plant Virus Host Range Evolution
Publication date: 2018 Source:Advances in Virus Research, Volume 101 Author(s): Michael J. McLeish, Aurora Fraile, Fernando García-Arenal The host range of a plant virus is the number of species in which it can reproduce. Most studies of plant virus host range evolution have focused on the genetics of host–pathogen interactions. However, the distribution and abundance of plant viruses and their hosts do not always overlap, and these spatial and temporal discontinuities in plant virus–host interactions can result in various ecological processes that shape host range evolution. Recent work shows that the distributi...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - June 14, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Eight Emerging Viruses in Bees: From Molecules to Ecology
We present a molecule-to-ecology framework to help address these issues, emphasizing the role of molecular mechanisms as key bottom-up drivers of change at higher ecological scales. We consider the bee–virus system to be an ideal one in which to apply this framework. Unlike many other animal models, bees constitute a well characterized and accessible multispecies assemblage, whose populations and interspecific interactions can be experimentally manipulated and monitored in high resolution across space and time to provide robust tests of prevailing theory. (Source: Advances in Virus Research)
Source: Advances in Virus Research - June 14, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Seven Evolutionary Determinants of Host and Vector Manipulation by Plant Viruses
Publication date: 2018 Source:Advances in Virus Research, Volume 101 Author(s): Kerry E. Mauck, Quentin Chesnais, Lori R. Shapiro Plant viruses possess adaptations for facilitating acquisition, retention, and inoculation by vectors. Until recently, it was hypothesized that these adaptations are limited to virus proteins that enable virions to bind to vector mouthparts or invade their internal tissues. However, increasing evidence suggests that viruses can also manipulate host plant phenotypes and vector behaviors in ways that enhance their own transmission. Manipulation of vector–host interactions occurs through vir...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - June 14, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Six Plant and Insect Viruses in Managed and Natural Environments: Novel and Neglected Transmission Pathways
Publication date: 2018 Source:Advances in Virus Research, Volume 101 Author(s): Roger A.C. Jones The capacity to spread by diverse transmission pathways enhances a virus’ ability to spread effectively and survive when circumstances change. This review aims to improve understanding of how plant and insect viruses spread through natural and managed environments by drawing attention to 12 novel or neglected virus transmission pathways whose contribution is underestimated. For plant viruses, the pathways reviewed are vertical and horizontal transmission via pollen, and horizontal transmission by parasitic plants, natural ...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - June 14, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Five Evaluating the Importance of Environmental Persistence for Ranavirus Transmission and Epidemiology
Publication date: 2018 Source:Advances in Virus Research, Volume 101 Author(s): Jesse L. Brunner, Christian M. Yarber Viruses persist outside their hosts in a variety of forms, from naked virions to virus protected in sloughed tissues or carcasses, and for a range of times, all of which affect the likelihood and importance of transmission from the environment. This review synthesizes the literature on environmental persistence of viruses in the genus Ranavirus (family Iridoviridae), which are large double-stranded DNA viruses of ectothermic, often aquatic or semiaquatic vertebrates. Ranaviruses have been associated wit...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - June 14, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Four Water-Mediated Transmission of Plant, Animal, and Human Viruses
Publication date: 2018 Source:Advances in Virus Research, Volume 101 Author(s): Nataša Mehle, Ion Gutiérrez-Aguirre, Denis Kutnjak, Maja Ravnikar Viruses represent the most abundant and diverse of the biological entities in environmental waters, including the seas and probably also freshwater systems. They are important players in ecological networks in waters and influence global biochemical cycling and community composition dynamics. Among the many diverse viruses from terrestrial environments found in environmental waters, some are plant, animal, and/or human pathogens. The majority of pathogenic viral species f...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - June 14, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Three From Spatial Metagenomics to Molecular Characterization of Plant Viruses: A Geminivirus Case Study
Publication date: 2018 Source:Advances in Virus Research, Volume 101 Author(s): Sohini Claverie, Pauline Bernardo, Simona Kraberger, Penelope Hartnady, Pierre Lefeuvre, Jean-Michel Lett, Serge Galzi, Denis Filloux, Gordon W. Harkins, Arvind Varsani, Darren P. Martin, Philippe Roumagnac The number of plant viruses that are known likely remains only a vanishingly small fraction of all extant plant virus species. Consequently, the distribution and population dynamics of plant viruses within even the best-studied ecosystems have only ever been studied for small groups of virus species. Even for the best studied o...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - June 14, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Two Viruses in Polar Lake and Soil Ecosystems
Publication date: 2018 Source:Advances in Virus Research, Volume 101 Author(s): Alberto Rastrojo, Antonio Alcamí Viruses play an important role in the control of microbial communities, and it has been suggested that the influence of viruses in polar ecosystems, with low nutrients and under extreme environmental conditions, may be greater. Viral metagenomics allows the genetic characterization of complex viral communities without the need to isolate and grow viruses. Recent investigations in Antarctica and the Arctic are uncovering a great diversity of DNA viruses, including bacteriophages, circular single-stranded DNA...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - June 14, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter One Viruses in Marine Ecosystems: From Open Waters to Coral Reefs
Publication date: 2018 Source:Advances in Virus Research, Volume 101 Author(s): Karen D. Weynberg Viruses infect all kingdoms of marine life from bacteria to whales. Viruses in the world's oceans play important roles in the mortality of phytoplankton, and as drivers of evolution and biogeochemical cycling. They shape host population abundance and distribution and can lead to the termination of algal blooms. As discoveries about this huge reservoir of genetic and biological diversity grow, our understanding of the major influences viruses exert in the global marine environment continues to expand. This chapter discusses ...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - June 14, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
From Spatial Metagenomics to Molecular Characterization of Plant Viruses: A Geminivirus Case Study
Publication date: Available online 7 May 2018 Source:Advances in Virus Research Author(s): Sohini Claverie, Pauline Bernardo, Simona Kraberger, Penelope Hartnady, Pierre Lefeuvre, Jean-Michel Lett, Serge Galzi, Denis Filloux, Gordon W. Harkins, Arvind Varsani, Darren P. Martin, Philippe Roumagnac The number of plant viruses that are known likely remains only a vanishingly small fraction of all extant plant virus species. Consequently, the distribution and population dynamics of plant viruses within even the best-studied ecosystems have only ever been studied for small groups of virus species. Even for the bes...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - May 8, 2018 Category: Virology Source Type: research
