Chapter Eight The Recently Discovered Bokeloh Bat Lyssavirus: Insights Into Its Genetic Heterogeneity and Spatial Distribution in Europe and the Population Genetics of Its Primary Host
Publication date: Available online 9 September 2017 Source:Advances in Virus Research Author(s): Elisa Eggerbauer, Cécile Troupin, Karsten Passior, Florian Pfaff, Dirk Höper, Antonie Neubauer-Juric, Stephanie Haberl, Christiane Bouchier, Thomas C. Mettenleiter, Hervé Bourhy, Thomas Müller, Laurent Dacheux, Conrad M. Freuling In 2010, a novel lyssavirus named Bokeloh bat lyssavirus (BBLV) was isolated from a Natterer's bat (Myotis nattereri) in Germany. Two further viruses were isolated in the same country and in France in recent years, all from the same bat species and all found in moribund or dead bats....
Source: Advances in Virus Research - September 30, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Software Dedicated to Virus Sequence Analysis “Bioinformatics Goes Viral”
We present how viral sequences can be detected de novo out of current short-read NGS data. Furthermore, we discuss the challenges and applications of viral quasispecies and how secondary structures, commonly shaped by RNA viruses, can be computationally predicted. The phylogenetic analysis of viruses, as another ubiquitous field in virology, forms an essential element of describing viral epidemics and challenges current algorithms. Recently, the first specialized virus-bioinformatic organizations have been established. We need to bring together virologists and bioinformaticians and provide a platform for the implementation...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - September 29, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Assessing the Diversity of Rodent-Borne Viruses: Exploring of High-Throughput Sequencing and Classical Amplification/Sequencing Approaches
In conclusion, HTS, in combination with conventional RT-PCR/PCR-based approaches, resulted in a drastically increased knowledge of the diversity of rodent viruses. Future improvements of the used workflows, including bioinformatics analysis, will further enhance our knowledge and preparedness in case of the emergence of novel viruses. Classical virological and additional molecular approaches are needed for genome annotation and functional characterization of novel viruses, discovered by these technologies, and evaluation of their zoonotic potential. (Source: Advances in Virus Research)
Source: Advances in Virus Research - September 29, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research
The Expanding Field of Mammalian Astroviruses: Opportunities and Challenges in Clinical Virology
Publication date: Available online 22 September 2017 Source:Advances in Virus Research Author(s): Céline L. Boujon, Michel C. Koch, Torsten Seuberlich Astroviruses are best known as being one of the leading causes of diarrhea in infants and were first described in this context in 1975. In its first years, astrovirus research was mainly restricted to electron microscopy and serology studies. The ability to culture some of these viruses in vitro allowed a first consequent step forward, especially at the molecular level. Since the emergence of more powerful genetic methods, though, the face of this research field has dr...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - September 23, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Bluetongue Virus: From BTV-1 to BTV-27
Publication date: Available online 22 September 2017 Source:Advances in Virus Research Author(s): Guillaume Belbis, Stéphan Zientara, Emmanuel Bréard, Corinne Sailleau, Grégory Caignard, Damien Vitour, Houssam Attoui Bluetongue virus (BTV) is the type species of genus Orbivirus within family Reoviridae. Bluetongue virus is transmitted between its ruminant hosts by the bite of Culicoides spp. midges. Severe BT cases are characterized by symptoms including hemorrhagic fever, particularly in sheep, loss of productivity, and death. To date, 27 BTV serotypes have been documented. These include novel isolates of atyp...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - September 23, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Loeffler 4.0: Diagnostic Metagenomics
Publication date: Available online 21 September 2017 Source:Advances in Virus Research Author(s): Dirk Höper, Claudia Wylezich, Martin Beer A new world of possibilities for “virus discovery” was opened up with high-throughput sequencing becoming available in the last decade. While scientifically metagenomic analysis was established before the start of the era of high-throughput sequencing, the availability of the first second-generation sequencers was the kick-off for diagnosticians to use sequencing for the detection of novel pathogens. Today, diagnostic metagenomics is becoming the standard procedure for the de...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - September 22, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research
New Leaves in the Growing Tree of Pestiviruses
Publication date: Available online 9 September 2017 Source:Advances in Virus Research Author(s): Sandra Blome, Martin Beer, Kerstin Wernike Pestiviruses are a group of viruses of veterinary importance infecting livestock animals like pigs, cattle, and sheep, and also wildlife animals like wild boar and different deer species. While for decades only four classical species (Classical swine fever virus, Bovine viral diarrhea virus types 1 and 2, Border disease virus), and a few so-called atypical pestiviruses were known (e.g., Giraffe virus, Pronghorn virus, HoBi virus), a series of novel pestiviruses was identified in t...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - September 10, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research
The Recently Discovered Bokeloh Bat Lyssavirus: Insights Into Its Genetic Heterogeneity and Spatial Distribution in Europe and the Population Genetics of Its Primary Host
Publication date: Available online 9 September 2017 Source:Advances in Virus Research Author(s): Elisa Eggerbauer, Cécile Troupin, Karsten Passior, Florian Pfaff, Dirk Höper, Antonie Neubauer-Juric, Stephanie Haberl, Christiane Bouchier, Thomas C. Mettenleiter, Hervé Bourhy, Thomas Müller, Laurent Dacheux, Conrad M. Freuling In 2010, a novel lyssavirus named Bokeloh bat lyssavirus (BBLV) was isolated from a Natterer's bat (Myotis nattereri) in Germany. Two further viruses were isolated in the same country and in France in recent years, all from the same bat species and all found in moribund or dead bats....
Source: Advances in Virus Research - September 10, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research
The First “Virus Hunters”
Publication date: Available online 9 September 2017 Source:Advances in Virus Research Author(s): Thomas C. Mettenleiter The history of virology is a history of conceptual and technological inventions and breakthroughs. The development of filters made of porcelain or kieselgur by the end of the 19th century which withheld bacteria allowed the identification of infectious agents smaller than bacteria and noncultivable on the media known at that time and used to grow bacteria. Even finer-grain filters resulted in the observation that the ultravisible novel infectious agents are in fact of particulate nature. Infections of ...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - September 10, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Four Insect-Specific Viruses
Publication date: 2017 Source:Advances in Virus Research, Volume 98 Author(s): Christopher M. Roundy, Sasha R. Azar, Shannan L. Rossi, Scott C. Weaver, Nikos Vasilakis Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) have in recent years become a tremendous global health concern resulting in substantial human morbidity and mortality. With the widespread utilization of molecular technologies such as next-generation sequencing and the advancement of bioinformatics tools, a new age of viral discovery has commenced. Many of the novel agents being discovered in recent years have been isolated from mosquitoes and exhibit a highly re...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - April 23, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Three The Envelope Proteins of the Bunyavirales
Publication date: 2017 Source:Advances in Virus Research, Volume 98 Author(s): Pablo Guardado-Calvo, Félix A. Rey The Bunyavirales Order encompasses nine families of enveloped viruses containing a single-stranded negative-sense RNA genome divided into three segments. The small (S) and large (L) segments encode proteins participating in genome replication in the infected cell cytoplasm. The middle (M) segment encodes the viral glycoproteins Gn and Gc, which are derived from a precursor polyprotein by host cell proteases. Entry studies are available only for a few viruses in the Order, and in each case they were shown t...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - April 23, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter Two Metabolomics
Publication date: 2017 Source:Advances in Virus Research, Volume 98 Author(s): Marianne Manchester, Anisha Anand Metabolomics is an analytical profiling technique for measuring and comparing large numbers of metabolites present in biological samples. Combining high-throughput analytical chemistry and multivariate data analysis, metabolomics offers a window on metabolic mechanisms. Because they intimately utilize and often rewire host metabolism, viruses are an excellent choice to study by metabolomics techniques. Studies of the effects of viruses on metabolism during replication in vitro and infection in animal models ...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - April 23, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Chapter One Zoonotic Potential of Emerging Paramyxoviruses
Publication date: 2017 Source:Advances in Virus Research, Volume 98 Author(s): Patricia A. Thibault, Ruth E. Watkinson, Andres Moreira-Soto, Jan F. Drexler, Benhur Lee The risk of spillover of enzootic paramyxoviruses and the susceptibility of recipient human and domestic animal populations are defined by a broad collection of ecological and molecular factors that interact in ways that are not yet fully understood. Nipah and Hendra viruses were the first highly lethal zoonotic paramyxoviruses discovered in modern times, but other paramyxoviruses from multiple genera are present in bats and other reservoirs that have...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - April 23, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research
The Envelope Proteins of the Bunyavirales
Publication date: Available online 8 April 2017 Source:Advances in Virus Research Author(s): Pablo Guardado-Calvo, Félix A. Rey The Bunyavirales Order encompasses nine families of enveloped viruses containing a single-stranded negative-sense RNA genome divided into three segments. The small (S) and large (L) segments encode proteins participating in genome replication in the infected cell cytoplasm. The middle (M) segment encodes the viral glycoproteins Gn and Gc, which are derived from a precursor polyprotein by host cell proteases. Entry studies are available only for a few viruses in the Order, and in each case the...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - April 11, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research
Metabolomics: Strategies to Define the Role of Metabolism in Virus Infection and Pathogenesis
Publication date: Available online 31 March 2017 Source:Advances in Virus Research Author(s): Marianne Manchester, Anisha Anand Metabolomics is an analytical profiling technique for measuring and comparing large numbers of metabolites present in biological samples. Combining high-throughput analytical chemistry and multivariate data analysis, metabolomics offers a window on metabolic mechanisms. Because they intimately utilize and often rewire host metabolism, viruses are an excellent choice to study by metabolomics techniques. Studies of the effects of viruses on metabolism during replication in vitro and infection in...
Source: Advances in Virus Research - April 1, 2017 Category: Virology Source Type: research
