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Publication date: January 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 67Author(s): (Source: Advances in Biological Regulation)
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Nuclear inositide signaling and cell cycle
Publication date: January 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 67Author(s): Stefano Ratti, Giulia Ramazzotti, Irene Faenza, Roberta Fiume, Sara Mongiorgi, Anna Maria Billi, James A. McCubrey, Pann-Ghill Suh, Lucia Manzoli, Lucio Cocco, Matilde Y. FolloAbstractPhosphatidylinositols (PIs) are responsible for several signaling pathways related to many cellular functions, such as cell cycle regulation at different check-points, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, membrane trafficking and gene expression. PI metabolism is not only present at the cytoplasmic level, but also at the nuclear one, where differ...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Phospholipase Cβ interacts with cytosolic partners to regulate cell proliferation
Publication date: January 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 67Author(s): Suzanne Scarlata, Ashima Singla, Osama GarwainAbstractPhospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) is the main effector of the Gαq signaling pathway relaying different extracellular sensory information to generate intracellular calcium signals. Besides this classic function, we have found that PLCβ plays an important but unknown role in regulating PC12 cell differentiation by interacting with components in the RNA-induced silencing machinery. In trying to understand the role of PLCβ in PC12 cell differentiation, we find that over-expressing PLCÎ...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Phosphatidic acid-producing enzymes regulating the synaptic vesicle cycle: Role for PLD?
Publication date: January 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 67Author(s): Casey N. Barber, Richard L. Huganir, Daniel M. RabenAbstractIn cortical and hippocampal neurons of the mammalian brain, the synaptic vesicle cycle is a series of steps that tightly regulate exo- and endocytosis of vesicles. Many proteins contribute to this regulation, but lipids have recently emerged as critical regulators as well. Of all the many lipid signaling molecules, phosphatidic acid is important to the physical processes of membrane fusion. Therefore, the lipid-metabolizing enzymes that produce phosphatidic acid are vital ...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Dysregulation of mRNA translation and energy metabolism in cancer
Publication date: January 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 67Author(s): Matthew Leibovitch, Ivan TopisirovicAbstractDysregulated mRNA translation and aberrant energy metabolism are frequent in cancer. Considering that mRNA translation is an energy demanding process, cancer cells must produce sufficient ATP to meet energy demand of hyperactive translational machinery. In recent years, the mammalian/mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) emerged as a central regulatory node which coordinates energy consumption by the translation apparatus and ATP production in mitochondria. Aberrant mTOR signaling underp...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Phosphoinositide 5-phosphatase activities control cell motility in glioblastoma: Two phosphoinositides PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4)P2 are involved
Publication date: January 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 67Author(s): Ana Raquel Ramos, William's Elong Edimo, Christophe ErneuxAbstractInositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatases or phosphoinositide 5-phosphatases (PI 5-phosphatases) are enzymes that can act on soluble inositol phosphates and/or phosphoinositides (PIs). Several PI 5-phosphatases have been linked to human genetic diseases, in particular the Lowe protein or OCRL which is mutated in the Lowe syndrome. There are 10 different members of this family and 9 of them can use PIs as substrate. One of these substrates, PI(3,4,5)P3 binds to specific P...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Phosphatidate phosphatase regulates membrane phospholipid synthesis via phosphatidylserine synthase
Publication date: January 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 67Author(s): George M. Carman, Gil-Soo HanAbstractThe yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae serves as a model eukaryote to elucidate the regulation of lipid metabolism. In exponentially growing yeast, a diverse set of membrane lipids are synthesized from the precursor phosphatidate via the liponucleotide intermediate CDP-diacylglycerol. As cells exhaust nutrients and progress into the stationary phase, phosphatidate is channeled via diacylglycerol to the synthesis of triacylglycerol. The CHO1-encoded phosphatidylserine synthase, which catalyzes the co...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sphingosine kinase 1 in breast cancer
Publication date: January 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 67Author(s): Kurt Geffken, Sarah SpiegelAbstractBreast cancer affects 1 out of 8 women in the US and is the second highest cause of death from cancer for women, leading to considerable research examining the causes, progression, and treatment of breast cancer. Over the last two decades, sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), a potent sphingolipid metabolite, has been implicated in many processes important for breast cancer including growth, progression, transformation and metastasis, and is the focus of this review. In particular, one of the kinases th...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
The importance of blood platelet lipid signaling in thrombosis and in sepsis
Publication date: January 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 67Author(s): Fanny Vardon Bounes, Abdulrahman Mujalli, Claire Cenac, Sonia Severin, Pauline Le Faouder, Gaëtan Chicanne, Frédérique Gaits-Iacovoni, Vincent Minville, Marie-Pierre Gratacap, Bernard PayrastreAbstractBlood platelets are the first line of defense against hemorrhages and are also strongly involved in the processes of arterial thrombosis, a leading cause of death worldwide. Besides their well-established roles in hemostasis, vascular wall repair and thrombosis, platelets are now recognized as important players in other processes s...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Microbial inositol polyphosphate metabolic pathway as drug development target
Publication date: January 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 67Author(s): Adolfo Saiardi, Cristina Azevedo, Yann Desfougères, Paloma Portela-Torres, Miranda S.C. WilsonAbstractInositol polyphosphates are a diverse and multifaceted class of intracellular messengers omnipresent in eukaryotic cells. These water-soluble molecules regulate many aspects of fundamental cell physiology. Removing this metabolic pathway is deleterious: inositol phosphate kinase null mutations can result in lethality or substantial growth phenotypes. Inositol polyphosphate synthesis occurs through the actions of a set of kinases t...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
MYO18A: An unusual myosin
Publication date: January 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 67Author(s): Matthew D. Buschman, Seth J. FieldAbstractMYO18A is a divergent member of the myosin family characterized by the presence of an amino-terminal PDZ domain. MYO18A has been found in a few different complexes involved in intracellular transport processes. MYO18A is found in a complex with LURAP1 and MRCK that functions in retrograde treadmilling of actin. It also has been found in a complex with PAK2, βPIX, and GIT1, functioning to transport that protein complex from focal adhesions to the leading edge. Finally, a high proportion of ...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
DGKζ ablation engenders upregulation of p53 level in the spleen upon whole-body ionizing radiation
This study was conducted to elucidate this point using an experiment with DGKζ-KO mice under DNA damage induced by whole-body ionizing radiation. Our results reveal that p53 protein is induced robustly in the spleen of DGKζ-KO mice upon exposure to ionizing radiation, thereby promoting apoptosis in this organ. Taken together, the results demonstrate that DGKζ plays a sentinel role in p53 expression at the cellular and organismal levels after DNA damaging stress conditions. (Source: Advances in Biological Regulation)
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
PIM activity in tumours: A key node of therapy resistance
Publication date: January 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 67Author(s): Richard J. Rebello, Alisée V. Huglo, Luc FuricAbstractThe PIM kinases are proto-oncogenes which have been shown to facilitate cell survival and proliferation to drive malignancy and resistance post-therapy. They are able to suppress cell death signals, sustain PI3K/AKT/mTORC1 pathway activity and regulate the MYC oncogenic program. Recent work has revealed PIM kinase essentiality for advanced tumour maintenance and described tumour sensitivity to small molecule inhibitors targeting PIM kinase in multiple malignancies. (Source: Adv...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Molecular basis of the human ribosomopathy Shwachman-Diamond syndrome
Publication date: January 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 67Author(s): Alan J. WarrenAbstractMutations that target the ubiquitous process of ribosome assembly paradoxically cause diverse tissue-specific disorders (ribosomopathies) that are often associated with an increased risk of cancer. Ribosomes are the essential macromolecular machines that read the genetic code in all cells in all kingdoms of life. Following pre-assembly in the nucleus, precursors of the large 60S and small 40S ribosomal subunits are exported to the cytoplasm where the final steps in maturation are completed. Here, I review the ...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Normalization of mass spectrometry data (NOMAD)
Publication date: January 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 67Author(s): Carl Murie, Brian Sandri, Ann-Sofi Sandberg, Timothy J. Griffin, Janne Lehtiö, Christine Wendt, Ola LarssonAbstractiTRAQ and TMT reagent-based mass spectrometry (MS) are commonly used technologies for quantitative proteomics in biological samples. Such studies are often performed over multiple MS runs, potentially resulting in introduction of MS run bias that could affect downstream analysis. Such MS data have therefore commonly been normalized using a reference sample which is included in each MS run. We show, however, that refer...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
