Sphingolipids in adipose tissue: What's tipping the scale?
Publication date: Available online 15 October 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Johana M. Lambert, Andrea K. Anderson, L. Ashley CowartAbstractAdipose tissue lies at the heart of obesity, mediating its many effects upon the rest of the body, with its unique capacity to expand and regenerate, throughout the lifespan of the organism. Adipose is appreciated as an endocrine organ, with its myriad adipokines that elicit both physiological and pathological outcomes. Sphingolipids, bioactive signaling molecules, affect many aspects of obesity and the metabolic syndrome. While sphingolipids are appreciated in...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - October 15, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Application of induced pluripotent stem cell technology for the investigation of hematological disorders
Publication date: Available online 10 October 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Hamid Dolatshad, Dharamveer Tatwavedi, Doaa Ahmed, Jana F. Tegethoff, Jacqueline Boultwood, Andrea PellagattiAbstractInduced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were first described over a decade ago and are currently used in various basic biology and clinical research fields. Recent advances in the field of human iPSCs have opened the way to a better understanding of the biology of human diseases.Disease-specific iPSCs provide an unparalleled opportunity to establish novel human cell-based disease models, with the potential to...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - October 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sphingolipids in neurodegeneration (with focus on ceramide and S1P)
Publication date: Available online 22 September 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Guanghu Wang, Erhard BieberichAbstractFor many decades, research on sphingolipids associated with neurodegenerative disease focused on alterations in glycosphingolipids, particularly glycosylceramides (cerebrosides), sulfatides, and gangliosides. This seemed quite natural since many of these glycolipids are constituents of myelin and accumulated in lipid storage diseases (sphingolipidoses) resulting from enzyme deficiencies in glycolipid metabolism. With the advent of recognizing ceramide and its derivative, sphingosine-...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - October 5, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
The regulation of insulin secretion via phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase Cβ signaling
Publication date: Available online 23 September 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Hyeon-Jeong Hwang, Hyun-Jun Jang, Lucio Cocco, Pann-Ghill SuhAbstractPhospholipase Cβ (PLCβ) is a membrane-associated enzyme activated by membrane receptors, especially G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). It propagates intracellular signaling by mediating phospholipid metabolism and generating key second messengers, such as inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol, leading to intracellular Ca2+ mobilization and activation of kinases, such as protein kinases C. In pancreatic β-cells, PLCβ-mediated signaling activated...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - October 5, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sphingosine phosphate lyase insufficiency syndrome (SPLIS): A novel inborn error of sphingolipid metabolism
Publication date: Available online 25 September 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Youn-Jeong Choi, Julie D. SabaAbstractSphingosine-1-phosphate lyase (SPL) is an intracellular enzyme that controls the final step in the sphingolipid degradative pathway, the only biochemical pathway for removal of sphingolipids. Specifically, SPL catalyzes the cleavage of sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) at the C2-3 carbon bond, resulting in its irreversible degradation to phosphoethanolamine (PE) and hexadecenal. The substrate of the reaction, S1P, is a bioactive sphingolipid metabolite that signals through a family of fi...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - October 5, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Diacylglycerol kinases: Relationship to other lipid kinases
Publication date: Available online 28 September 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Qianqian Ma, Sandra B. Gabelli, Daniel M. RabenAbstractLipid kinases regulate a wide variety of cellular functions and have emerged as one the most promising targets for drug design. Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the ATP-dependent phosphorylation of diacylglycerol (DAG) to phosphatidic acid (PtdOH). Despite the critical role in lipid biosynthesis, both DAG and PtdOH have been shown as bioactive lipids mediating a number of signaling pathways. Although there is increasing recognition ...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - October 5, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
IL-7R-mediated signaling in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: An update
Publication date: Available online 19 September 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Mariana L. Oliveira, Padma Akkapeddi, Daniel Ribeiro, Alice Melão, João T. BarataAbstractInterleukin 7 (IL-7) and its receptor (IL-7R, a heterodimer of IL-7Rα and γc) are essential for normal lymphoid development. In their absence, severe combined immunodeficiency occurs. By contrast, excessive IL-7/IL-7R-mediated signaling can drive lymphoid leukemia development, disease acceleration and resistance to chemotherapy. IL-7 and IL-7R activate three main pathways: STAT5, PI3K/Akt/mTOR and MEK/Erk, ultimately leading to t...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - September 20, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Gle1 mediates stress granule-dependent survival during chemotoxic stress
This study supports models wherein SGs play a role in cell evasion of apoptosis and further reveal Gle1A and SG functions as targets for clinical approaches directed at chemoresistant/refractory cells. (Source: Advances in Biological Regulation)
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - September 20, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Nuclear phosphoinositides and phase separation: Important players in nuclear compartmentalization
Publication date: Available online 17 September 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Martin Sztacho, Margarita Sobol, Can Balaban, Sara Eliana Escudeiro Lopes, Pavel HozákAbstractNuclear phosphoinositides are recognized as regulators of many nuclear processes including chromatin remodeling, splicing, transcription, DNA repair and epigenetics. These processes are spatially organized in different nuclear compartments. Phase separation is involved in the formation of various nuclear compartments and molecular condensates separated from surrounding environment. The surface of such structures spatiotemporall...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - September 18, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Regulation of tumor cell – Microenvironment interaction by the autotaxin-lysophosphatidic acid receptor axis
Publication date: Available online 16 September 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Gabor J. Tigyi, Junming Yue, Derek D. Norman, Erzsebet Szabo, Andrea Balogh, Louisa Balazs, Guannan Zhao, Sue Chin LeeAbstractThe lipid mediator lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in biological fluids is primarily produced by cleavage of lysophospholipids by the lysophospholipase D enzyme Autotaxin (ATX). LPA has been identified and abundantly detected in the culture medium of various cancer cell types, tumor effusates, and ascites fluid of cancer patients. Our current understanding of the physiological role of LPA established ...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - September 17, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Mitogen and stress- activated protein kinase regulated gene expression in cancer cells
Publication date: Available online 17 September 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Ifeoluwa Adewumi, Camila López, James R. DavieAbstractThe mitogen- and stress-activated protein kinases activated by the extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and/or stress-activated protein kinase 2/p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways are recruited to the regulatory region of a subset of genes termed immediate-early genes, often leading to their induction. These genes, many of which code for transcription factors, have been directly linked to the phenotypic events in carcinogenesis. In this paper, we focu...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - September 17, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Role of FABP7 in tumor cell signaling
Publication date: Available online 15 September 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Yoshiteru Kagawa, Banlanjo A. Umaru, Islam Ariful, Subrata Kumar Shil, Hirofumi Miyazaki, Yui Yamamoto, Masaki Ogata, Yuji OwadaAbstractLipids are major molecules for the function of organisms and are involved in the pathophysiology of various diseases. Fatty acids (FAs) signaling and their metabolism are some of the most important pathways in tumor development, as lipids serve as energetic sources during carcinogenesis. Fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs) facilitate FAs transport to different cell organelles, modulating...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - September 16, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Of local translation control and lipid signaling in neurons
Publication date: Available online 15 September 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Hervé Moine, Nicolas VitaleAbstractFine-tuned regulation of new proteins synthesis is key to the fast adaptation of cells to their changing environment and their response to external cues. Protein synthesis regulation is particularly refined and important in the case of highly polarized cells like neurons where translation occurs in the subcellular dendritic compartment to produce long-lasting changes that enable the formation, strengthening and weakening of inter-neuronal connection, constituting synaptic plasticity. T...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - September 15, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Galectins as regulators of cell survival in the leukemia niche
Publication date: Available online 12 September 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Peter P. RuvoloAbstractThe microenvironment within the bone marrow (BM) contains support cells that promote leukemia cell survival and suppress host anti-tumor defenses. Galectins are a family of beta-galactoside binding proteins that are critical components in the tumor microenvironment. Galectin 1 (LGALS1) and Galectin 3 (LGALS3) as regulators of RAS signaling intracellularly and as inhibitors of immune cells extracellularly are perhaps the best studied members for their role in leukemia biology. Interest in Galectin 9...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - September 12, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sphingolipids and their enigmatic role in asthma
Publication date: Available online 5 September 2018Source: Advances in Biological RegulationAuthor(s): Jamie L. SturgillAbstractAsthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory condition in the lung and is characterized by episodic shortness of breath with expiratory wheezing and cough. Asthma is a serious public health concern globally with an estimated incidence over 300 million. Asthma is a complex disease in that it manifests as disease of gene and environmental interactions. Sphingolipids are a unique class of lipids involved in a host of biological functions ranging from serving as key cellular membrane lipids to acting a...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - September 6, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
