Proliferative and metastatic roles for Phospholipase D in mouse models of cancer
Publication date: January 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 67Author(s): Eric Roth, Michael A. FrohmanAbstractPhospholipase D (PLD) activity has been proposed to facilitate multiple steps in cancer progression including growth, metabolism, angiogenesis, and mobility. The canonical enzymes PLD1 and PLD2 enact their diverse effects through hydrolyzing the membrane lipid phosphatidylcholine to generate the second messenger and signaling lipid phosphatidic acid (PA). However, the widespread expression of PLD1 and PLD2 in normal tissues and the additional distinct enzymatic mechanisms through which PA can be...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Phospholipase C zeta and calcium oscillations at fertilisation: The evidence, applications, and further questions
Publication date: January 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 67Author(s): Junaid Kashir, Michail Nomikos, F. Anthony LaiAbstractOocyte activation is a fundamental event at mammalian fertilisation, initiated by a series of characteristic calcium (Ca2+) oscillations in mammals. This characteristic pattern of Ca2+ release is induced in a species-specific manner by a sperm-specific enzyme termed phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ). Reduction or absence of functional PLCζ within sperm underlies male factor infertility in humans, due to mutational inactivation or abrogation of PLCζ protein expression. Underlying su...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Splicing factor mutations in the myelodysplastic syndromes: target genes and therapeutic approaches
Publication date: January 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 67Author(s): Richard N. Armstrong, Violetta Steeples, Shalini Singh, Andrea Sanchi, Jacqueline Boultwood, Andrea PellagattiAbstractMutations in splicing factor genes (SF3B1, SRSF2, U2AF1 and ZRSR2) are frequently found in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), suggesting that aberrant spliceosome function plays a key role in the pathogenesis of MDS. Splicing factor mutations have been shown to result in aberrant splicing of many downstream target genes. Recent functional studies have begun to characterize the splicing dysfunction in MDS...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Sphingosine 1-phosphate and cancer
Publication date: May 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 68Author(s): Nigel J. Pyne, Ashref El Buri, David R. Adams, Susan PyneAbstractThe bioactive lipid, sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is produced by phosphorylation of sphingosine and this is catalysed by two sphingosine kinase isoforms (SK1 and SK2). Here we discuss structural functional aspects of SK1 (which is a dimeric quaternary enzyme) that relate to coordinated coupling of membrane association with phosphorylation of Ser225 in the ‘so-called’ R-loop, catalytic activity and protein-protein interactions (e.g. TRAF2, PP2A and Gq). S1P formed by ...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Remodeling of Ca2+ signaling in cancer: Regulation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors through oncogenes and tumor suppressors
Publication date: May 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 68Author(s): Hideaki Ando, Katsuhiro Kawaai, Benjamin Bonneau, Katsuhiko MikoshibaAbstractThe calcium ion (Ca2+) is a ubiquitous intracellular signaling molecule that regulates diverse physiological and pathological processes, including cancer. Increasing evidence indicates that oncogenes and tumor suppressors regulate the Ca2+ transport systems. Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) receptors (IP3Rs) are IP3-activated Ca2+ release channels located on the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). They play pivotal roles in the regulation of cell death and survival ...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Molecular and cellular mechanisms of chemoresistance in pancreatic cancer
Publication date: May 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 68Author(s): Aleksandra Adamska, Omar Elaskalani, Aikaterini Emmanouilidi, Minkyoung Kim, Norbaini Binti Abdol Razak, Pat Metharom, Marco FalascaAbstractPancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is one of the most chemoresistant cancers, and current therapies targeting cancer-associated molecular pathways have not given satisfactory results, owing in part to rapid upregulation of alternative compensatory pathways. Most of the available treatments are palliative, focussing on improving the quality of life. At present, available options are surgery, em...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Forms and functions of store-operated calcium entry mediators, STIM and Orai
Publication date: May 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 68Author(s): James W. PutneyAbstractCalcium signals arise by multiple mechanisms, including mechanisms of release of intracellular stored Ca2+, and the influx of Ca2+ through channels in the plasma membrane. One mechanism that links these two sources of Ca2+ is store-operated Ca2+ entry, the most commonly encountered version of which involves the extensively studied calcium-release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channel. The minimal and essential molecular components of the CRAC channel are the STIM proteins that function as Ca2+ sensors in the endoplasmic ...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
How miRs and mRNA deadenylases could post-transcriptionally regulate expression of tumor-promoting protein PLD
Publication date: May 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 68Author(s): Julian Gomez-Cambronero, Kristen Fite, Taylor E. MillerAbstractPhospholipase D (PLD) plays a key role in both cell membrane lipid reorganization and architecture, as well as a cell signaling protein via the product of its enzymatic reaction, phosphatidic acid (PA). PLD is involved in promoting breast cancer cell growth, proliferation, and metastasis and both gene and protein expression are upregulated in breast carcinoma human samples. In spite of all this, the ultimate reason as to why PLD expression is high in cancer cells vs. their ...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Editorial Board
Publication date: May 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 68Author(s): (Source: Advances in Biological Regulation)
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Foreword: “Current trends in cancer and signalling”
Publication date: May 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 68Author(s): Pann-Ghill Suh (Source: Advances in Biological Regulation)
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Dual inhibition of PI3K/mTOR signaling in chemoresistant AML primary cells
Publication date: May 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 68Author(s): Jessika Bertacchini, Chiara Frasson, Francesca Chiarini, Daniele D'Avella, Benedetta Accordi, Laura Anselmi, Patrizia Barozzi, Fabio Forghieri, Mario Luppi, Alberto M. Martelli, Giuseppe Basso, Saki Najmaldin, Abbas Khosravi, Fakher Rahim, Sandra MarmiroliAbstractA main cause of treatment failure for AML patients is resistance to chemotherapy. Survival of AML cells may depend on mechanisms that elude conventional drugs action and/or on the presence of leukemia initiating cells at diagnosis, and their persistence after therapy. MDR1 gen...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Application of HTLV-1 tax transgenic mice for therapeutic intervention
Publication date: May 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 68Author(s): Hideki Hasegawa, Kaori Sano, Akira Ainai, Tadaki SuzukiAbstractAdult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) is a refractory T-cell malignancy caused by infection of human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-I). Although the pathogenesis of ATL remains unclear, HTLV-1 oncoprotein Tax plays an important role in pathogenesis (Matsuoka, 2003; Jeang et al., 2004). Chemotherapy resistance of ATL leads the poor prognosis of this disease. In order to understand the pathogenesis and establish an animal model useful for therapy attempts, we have generate...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Metformin influences drug sensitivity in pancreatic cancer cells
Publication date: May 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 68Author(s): Saverio Candido, Stephen L. Abrams, Linda Steelman, Kvin Lertpiriyapong, Alberto M. Martelli, Lucio Cocco, Stefano Ratti, Matilde Y. Follo, Ramiro M. Murata, Pedro L. Rosalen, Paolo Lombardi, Giuseppe Montalto, Melchiorre Cervello, Agnieszka Gizak, Dariusz Rakus, Pann-Gill Suh, Massimo Libra, James A. McCubreyAbstractPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive, highly metastatic malignancy and accounts for 85% of pancreatic cancers. PDAC patients have poor prognosis with a five-year survival of only 5–10% after diagnosis...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
Phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathways and autophagy require phosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases
Publication date: May 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 68Author(s): Suyong Choi, Xander Houdek, Richard A. AndersonAbstractPhosphatidylinositol phosphate kinases (PIPKs) generate a lipid messenger phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PI4,5P2) that controls essentially all aspects of cellular functions. PI4,5P2 rapidly diffuses in the membrane of the lipid bilayer and does not greatly change in membrane or cellular content, and thus PI4,5P2 generation by PIPKs is tightly linked to its usage in subcellular compartments. Based on this verity, recent study of PI4,5P2 signal transduction has been focused ...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
The inflammatory microenvironment that promotes gastrointestinal cancer development and invasion
Publication date: May 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 68Author(s): Kanae Echizen, Hiroko Oshima, Mizuho Nakayama, Masanobu OshimaAbstractAccumulating evidence has indicated that the inflammatory response is important for tumor promotion. However, the mechanisms underlying the induction of the inflammatory response in cancer tissues and how it promotes tumorigenesis remain poorly understood. We constructed several mouse models that develop inflammation-associated gastric and intestinal tumors and examined the in vivo mechanisms of tumorigenesis. Of note, the activation of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)/prost...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - July 11, 2018 Category: Biology Source Type: research
