The importance of blood platelet lipid signaling in thrombosis and in sepsis

Publication date: January 2018Source: Advances in Biological Regulation, Volume 67Author(s): Fanny Vardon Bounes, Abdulrahman Mujalli, Claire Cenac, Sonia Severin, Pauline Le Faouder, Gaëtan Chicanne, Frédérique Gaits-Iacovoni, Vincent Minville, Marie-Pierre Gratacap, Bernard PayrastreAbstractBlood platelets are the first line of defense against hemorrhages and are also strongly involved in the processes of arterial thrombosis, a leading cause of death worldwide. Besides their well-established roles in hemostasis, vascular wall repair and thrombosis, platelets are now recognized as important players in other processes such as inflammation, healing, lymphangiogenesis, neoangiogenesis or cancer. Evidence is accumulating they are key effector cells in immune and inflammatory responses to host infection. To perform their different functions platelets express a wide variety of membrane receptors triggering specific intracellular signaling pathways and largely use lipid signaling systems. Lipid metabolism is highly active in stimulated platelets including the phosphoinositide metabolism with the phospholipase C (PLC) and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways but also other enzymatic systems producing phosphatidic acid, lysophosphatidic acid, platelet activating factor, sphingosine 1-phosphate and a number of eicosanoids. While several of these bioactive lipids regulate intracellular platelet signaling mechanisms others are released by activated platelets acting as autocr...
Source: Advances in Biological Regulation - Category: Biology Source Type: research