Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Progress in Retinal and Eye Research RSS feedThis is an RSS file. You can use it to subscribe to this data in your favourite RSS reader or to display this data on your own website or blog.

CRISPR-Cas9 genome engineering: Treating inherited retinal degeneration
Publication date: Available online 22 March 2018 Source:Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Author(s): Erin R. Burnight, Joseph C. Giacalone, Jessica A. Cooke, Jessica R. Thompson, Laura R. Bohrer, Kathleen R. Chirco, Arlene V. Drack, John H. Fingert, Kristan S. Worthington, Luke A. Wiley, Robert F. Mullins, Edwin M. Stone, Budd A. Tucker Gene correction is a valuable strategy for treating inherited retinal degenerative diseases, a major cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. Single gene defects cause the majority of these retinal dystrophies. Gene augmentation holds great promise if delivered early in ...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - March 23, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Ocular treatment of choroidal melanoma in relation to the outcome of metastatic death – A personal view
Publication date: Available online 20 March 2018 Source:Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Author(s): Bertil Damato About 50% of patients with choroidal melanoma develop metastatic disease, despite successful eradication of the primary tumor. Patient care is complicated by the fact that we do not know whether ocular treatment ever influences survival and if so in whom. Some authorities believe that metastatic spread is never preventable, because it has always occurred by the time the ocular tumor is detected. Others hold the view that metastatic spread can occur late, at least in some patients, in whom timely and succ...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - March 21, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Epigenetic control of gene regulation during development and disease: A view from the retina
Publication date: Available online 12 March 2018 Source:Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Author(s): Ximena Corso-Díaz, Catherine Jaeger, Vijender Chaitankar, Anand Swaroop Complex biological processes, such as organogenesis and homeostasis, are stringently regulated by genetic programs that are fine-tuned by epigenetic factors to establish cell fates and/or to respond to the microenvironment. Gene regulatory networks that guide cell differentiation and function are modulated and stabilized by modifications to DNA, RNA and proteins. In this review, we focus on two key epigenetic changes – DNA methylation and hi...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - March 13, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Re-programming immunosurveillance in persistent non-infectious ocular inflammation
Publication date: Available online 9 March 2018 Source:Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Author(s): Simon J. Epps, Joanne Boldison, Madeleine L. Stimpson, Tarnjit K. Khera, Philippa J.P. Lait, David A. Copland, Andrew D. Dick, Lindsay B. Nicholson Ocular function depends on a high level of anatomical integrity. This is threatened by inflammation, which alters the local tissue over short and long time-scales. Uveitis due to autoimmune disease, especially when it involves the retina, leads to persistent changes in how the eye interacts with the immune system. The normal pattern of immune surveillance, which for ...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - March 9, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

The immunopathogenesis of chronic and relapsing autoimmune uveitis – Lessons from experimental rat models
Publication date: Available online 27 February 2018 Source:Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Author(s): Maria Diedrichs-Möhring, Ulrike Kaufmann, Gerhild Wildner Autoimmune diseases usually follow a relapsing-remitting or a chronic progressive course. To understand the underlying immunopathogenesis we investigated experimental Lewis rat models displaying both disease types, which were only dependent on the autoantigen peptide used for immunization. Retinal S-Antigen-peptide PDSAg induces chronic, monophasic disease, whilst interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP)-peptide R14 causes a spontaneously relaps...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - February 27, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Neuroprotective strategies for retinal disease
Publication date: Available online 23 February 2018 Source:Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Author(s): Machelle T. Pardue, Rachael S. Allen Diseases that affect the eye, including photoreceptor degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma, affect 11.8 million people in the US, resulting in vision loss and blindness. Loss of sight affects patient quality of life and puts an economic burden both on individuals and the greater healthcare system. Despite the urgent need for treatments, few effective options currently exist in the clinic. Here, we review research on promising neuroprotective strategies that promote ...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - February 24, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Basal Tear Osmolarity as a metric to estimate body hydration and dry eye severity
Publication date: Available online 21 February 2018 Source:Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Author(s): C. Willshire, A.J. Bron, E.A. Gaffney, E. Ian Pearce The osmolarities of various bodily fluids, including tears, saliva and urine, have been used as indices of plasma osmolality, a measure of body hydration, while tear osmolarity is used routinely in dry eye diagnosis, the degree of tear hyperosmolarity providing an index of disease severity. Systemic dehydration, due to inadequate water intake or excessive water loss is common in the elderly population, has a high morbidity and may cause loss of life. Its diagn...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - February 22, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Evolution of the vertebrate corneal stroma
Publication date: Available online 2 February 2018 Source:Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Author(s): Elena Koudouna, Moritz Winkler, Eric Mikula, Tibor Juhasz, Donald J. Brown, James V. Jester Although the cornea is the major refractive element of the eye, the mechanisms controlling corneal shape and hence visual acuity remain unknown. To begin to address this question we have used multiphoton, non-linear optical microscopy to image second harmonic generated signals (SHG) from collagen to characterize the evolutionary and structural changes that occur in the collagen architecture of the corneal stroma. Our stu...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - February 2, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Personalised genome editing – The future for corneal dystrophies
Publication date: Available online 31 January 2018 Source:Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Author(s): C.B. Tara Moore, Kathleen A. Christie, John Marshall, M. Andrew Nesbit The potential of personalised genome editing reaching the clinic has come to light due to advancements in the field of gene editing, namely the development of CRISPR/Cas9. The different mechanisms of repair used to resolve the double strand breaks (DSBs) mediated by Cas9 allow targeting of a wide range of disease causing mutations. Collectively, the corneal dystrophies offer an ideal platform for personalised genome editing; the majority of co...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - February 1, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Cataract, phacoemulsification and intraocular pressure: Is the anterior segment anatomy the missing piece of the puzzle?
Publication date: Available online 31 January 2018 Source:Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Author(s): Marisse Masis, Shan C. Lin Cataract extraction is a safe and effective surgery that has a lowering effect on the intraocular pressure. The specific mechanisms for this effect are still unclear. A direct inflammatory effect on the trabecular meshwork, alteration of the blood aqueous barrier, changes in the ciliary body and mechanical changes of the anterior segment anatomy are the key to understand cataract surgery and it's effects on aqueous humor dynamics. Additionally, with the advent of AS OCT, changes in the an...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - February 1, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Epigenetics, microbiota, and intraocular inflammation: New paradigms of immune regulation in the eye
Publication date: Available online 19 January 2018 Source:Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Author(s): Xiaofeng Wen, Xiao Hu, Li Miao, Xiaofei Ge, Yuhua Deng, Paul W. Bible, Lai Wei Sight threatening immune responses that damage the eye characterize intraocular inflammatory diseases. These diseases including uveitis and age-related macular degeneration are worryingly common and quality of life shattering. Genetic studies in past decades significantly advanced our understanding of the etiology of these devastating diseases. Unfortunately, patient genetics alone failed to adequately explain disease origin, suscep...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - January 19, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Real-world outcomes in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors
We describe the development of global registries, in particular the Fight Retinal Blindness! registry that originated in Australia, the United Kingdom AMD Electronic Medical Records User Group and the IRIS registry in the USA. Real-world observations relating to efficacy, safety and resource utilisation of intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy for neovascular AMD are then summarised. Novel observations that would have been challenging to identify in a clinical trial setting are then highlighted, including the risk of late disease reactivation, outcomes in second versus first treated eyes, and the increased risk of posterior capsu...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - January 2, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Retinal energy demands control vascular supply of the retina in development and disease: The role of neuronal lipid and glucose metabolism
Publication date: Available online 22 November 2017 Source:Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Author(s): Jean-Sébastien Joyal, Marin L. Gantner, Lois E.H. Smith (Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research)
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - December 30, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Neural control of choroidal blood flow
Publication date: Available online 8 December 2017 Source:Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Author(s): Anton Reiner, Malinda E.C. Fitzgerald, Nobel Del Mar, Chunyan Li The choroid is richly innervated by parasympathetic, sympathetic and trigeminal sensory nerve fibers that regulate choroidal blood flow in birds and mammals, and presumably other vertebrate classes as well. The parasympathetic innervation has been shown to vasodilate and increase choroidal blood flow, the sympathetic input has been shown to vasoconstrict and decrease choroidal blood flow, and the sensory input has been shown to both convey pain and ...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - December 8, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Optical coherence tomography angiography
Publication date: Available online 8 December 2017 Source:Progress in Retinal and Eye Research Author(s): Richard F. Spaide, James G. Fujimoto, Nadia K. Waheed, Srinivas R. Sadda, Giovanni Staurenghi Optical coherence tomography (OCT) was one of the biggest advances in ophthalmic imaging. Building on that platform, OCT angiography (OCTA) provides depth resolved images of blood flow in the retina and choroid with levels of detailed far exceeding that obtained with older forms of imaging. This new modality is challenging because of the need for new equipment and processing techniques, current limitations of imaging ca...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - December 8, 2017 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research