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The transcription factor MITF in RPE function and dysfunction
Publication date: Available online 23 June 2019Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchAuthor(s): Xiaoyin Ma, Huirong Li, Yu Chen, Juan Yang, Huaicheng Chen, Heinz Arnheiter, Ling HouAbstractDysfunction and loss of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) are hallmarks of retinal degenerative diseases in mammals. A critical transcription factor for RPE development and function is the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor MITF and its germline mutations are associated with clinically distinct disorders, including albinism, microphthalmia, retinal degeneration, and increased risk of developing melanoma. Many studies...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - June 25, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Cholinergic nervous system and glaucoma: From basic science to clinical applications
Publication date: Available online 23 June 2019Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchAuthor(s): Muneeb A. Faiq, Gadi Wollstein, Joel S. Schuman, Kevin C. ChanAbstractThe cholinergic system has a crucial role to play in visual function. Although cholinergic drugs have been a focus of attention as glaucoma medications for reducing eye pressure, little is known about the potential modality for neuronal survival and/or enhancement in visual impairments. Citicoline, a naturally occurring compound and FDA approved dietary supplement, is a nootropic agent that is recently demonstrated to be effective in ameliorating ischemi...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - June 25, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Visual loss and recovery in chiasmal compression
Publication date: Available online 14 June 2019Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchAuthor(s): Helen V. Danesh-Meyer, Jinny J. Yoon, Mitchell Lawlor, Peter J. SavinoAbstractCompression of the optic chiasm causes an optic neuropathy that may be associated with reversible visual loss often immediately following surgical decompression. While the precise pathogenesis of retinal ganglion cell impairment and eventual death remains poorly understood, a number of putative mechanisms may play a role. In this article we review the evidence supporting various stages of visual loss and recovery in chiasmal compression. These in...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - June 14, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: May 2019Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Volume 70Author(s): (Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research)
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - June 7, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Conservative management of retinoblastoma: Challenging orthodoxy without compromising the state of metastatic grace. “Alive, with good vision and no comorbidity”
Publication date: Available online 5 June 2019Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchAuthor(s): Francis L. Munier, Maja Beck-Popovic, Guillermo L. Chantada, David Cobrinik, Tero T. Kivelä, Dietmar Lohmann, Philippe Maeder, Annette C. Moll, Angel Montero Carcaboso, Alexandre Moulin, Paula Schaiquevich, Ciara Bergin, Paul J. Dyson, Susan Houghton, Francesco Puccinelli, Yvan Vial, Marie-Claire Gaillard, Christina StathopoulosAbstractRetinoblastoma is lethal by metastasis if left untreated, so the primary goal of therapy is to preserve life, with ocular survival, visual preservation and quality of life as secondary aims....
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - June 5, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Targets of immunomodulation in bacterial endophthalmitis
Publication date: Available online 28 May 2019Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchAuthor(s): Frederick C. Miller, Phillip S. Coburn, Mursalin Huzzatul, Austin L. LaGrow, Erin Livingston, Michelle C. CalleganAbstractBacterial infection of the posterior segment of the eye (endophthalmitis) leads to a robust host response that often results in irreversible damage to the layers of the retina, significant vision loss, and in some patients, enucleation of the globe. While a great deal of effort has gone into understanding the role of bacterial virulence factors in disease initiation and propagation, it is becoming increa...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - May 29, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Neoplasia and intraocular inflammation: From masquerade syndromes to immunotherapy-induced uveitis
Publication date: Available online 12 May 2019Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchAuthor(s): Sara Touhami, Isabelle Audo, Céline Terrada, Alain Gaudric, Phuc LeHoang, Valérie Touitou, Bahram BodaghiAbstractMasquerade syndromes represent a large set of ophthalmological entities that mimic inflammatory conditions. Any delay in their diagnosis may be correlated with systemic dissemination or worsening of the causal disease and, therefore, with poor prognosis. One of the disadvantages of the new potent treatments of uveitis is the delay that they can induce in the diagnosis of neoplastic intraocular infiltrations. Th...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - May 13, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Voltage- and calcium-gated ion channels of neurons in the vertebrate retina
Publication date: Available online 10 May 2019Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchAuthor(s): Matthew J. Van Hook, Scott Nawy, Wallace B. ThoresonAbstractIn this review, we summarize studies investigating the types and distribution of voltage- and calcium-gated ion channels in the different classes of retinal neurons: rods, cones, horizontal cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, interplexiform cells, and ganglion cells. We discuss differences among cell subtypes within these major cell classes, as well as differences among species, and consider how different ion channels shape the responses of different neurons. For...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - May 11, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Corneal nerves in health and disease
Publication date: Available online 7 May 2019Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchAuthor(s): Mouhamed A. Al Aqaba, Virinder K. Dhillon, Imran Mohammed, Dalia G. Said, Harminder S. DuaAbstractThe cornea is the most sensitive structure in the human body. Corneal nerves adapt to maintain transparency and contribute to corneal health by mediating tear secretion and protective reflexes and provide trophic support to epithelial and stromal cells. The nerves destined for the cornea travel from the trigeminal ganglion in a complex and coordinated manner to terminate between and within corneal epithelial cells with which the...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - May 7, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Deep learning in ophthalmology: The technical and clinical considerations
This article describes global eye disease burden, unmet needs and common conditions of public health importance for which AI and DL systems may be applicable. Technical and clinical aspects to build a DL system to address those needs, and the potential challenges for clinical adoption are discussed. AI, ML and DL will likely play a crucial role in clinical ophthalmology practice, with implications for screening, diagnosis and follow up of the major causes of vision impairment in the setting of ageing populations globally. (Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research)
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - April 30, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Immune privilege in corneal transplantation
Publication date: Available online 20 April 2019Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchAuthor(s): Junko Hori, Takefumi Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Keino, Pedram Hamrah, Kazuichi MaruyamaAbstractCorneal transplantation is the most successful solid organ transplantation performed in humans. The extraordinary success of orthotopic corneal allografts, in both humans and experimental animals, is related to the phenomenon of “immune privilege”. Inflammation is self-regulated to preserve ocular functions because the eye has immune privilege. At present, three major mechanisms are considered to provide immune privilege in corneal ...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - April 21, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Retinal oximetry: Metabolic imaging for diseases of the retina and brain
Publication date: Available online 15 April 2019Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchAuthor(s): Einar Stefánsson, Olof Birna Olafsdottir, Thorunn S. Eliasdottir, Wouter Wehmeijer, Anna Bryndis Einarsdottir, Toke Bek, Thomas Lee Torp, Jakob Grauslund, Thor Eysteinsson, Robert Arnar Karlsson, Karel Van Keer, Ingeborg Stalmans, Evelien Vandewalle, Margarita G. Todorova, Martin Hammer, Gerhard Garhöfer, Leopold Schmetterer, Martin Šín, Sveinn Hakon HardarsonAbstractRetinal oximetry imaging of retinal blood vessels measures oxygen saturation of hemoglobin. The imaging technology is non-invasive and reproducible with ...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - April 16, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: March 2019Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Volume 69Author(s): (Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research)
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - April 11, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Human vitreous in proliferative diabetic retinopathy: Characterization and translational implications
Publication date: Available online 2 April 2019Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchAuthor(s): Imtiaz M. Nawaz, Sara Rezzola, Anna Cancarini, Andrea Russo, Ciro Costagliola, Francesco Semeraro, Marco PrestaAbstractDiabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the leading causes of visual impairment in the working-age population. DR is a progressive eye disease caused by long-term accumulation of hyperglycaemia-mediated pathological alterations in the retina of diabetic patients. DR begins with asymptomatic retinal abnormalities and may progress to advanced-stage proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR), characterized by neova...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - April 2, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Photoreceptor cell replacement in macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa: A pluripotent stem cell-based approach
Publication date: Available online 16 March 2019Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchAuthor(s): Giuliana Gagliardi, Karim Ben M'Barek, Olivier GoureauAbstractThe human retina fails to regenerate and cell-based therapies offer options for treatment of blinding retinal diseases, such as macular degeneration and retinitis pigmentosa (RP). The last decade has witnessed remarkable advances in generation of retinal cells and retinal tissue from human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs). The development of 3D culture systems allowing generation of human retinal organoids has substantially increased the access to human material f...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - March 16, 2019 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research