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Artificial intelligence in retina
Publication date: Available online 1 August 2018Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchAuthor(s): Ursula Schmidt-Erfurth, Amir Sadeghipour, Bianca S. Gerendas, Sebastian M. Waldstein, Hrvoje BogunovićAbstractMajor advances in diagnostic technologies are offering unprecedented insight into the condition of the retina and beyond ocular disease. Digital images providing millions of morphological datasets can fast and non-invasively be analyzed in a comprehensive manner using artificial intelligence (AI). Methods based on machine learning (ML) and particularly deep learning (DL) are able to identify, localize and quantif...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - August 1, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Sigma 1 receptor: A novel therapeutic target in retinal disease
Publication date: Available online 1 August 2018Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchAuthor(s): Smith Sylvia B, Wang Jing, Cui Xuezhi, Mysona Barbara, Zhao Jing, Bollinger Kathryn EAbstractRetinal degenerative diseases are major causes of untreatable blindness worldwide and efficacious treatments for these diseases are sorely needed. A novel target for treatment of retinal disease is the transmembrane protein Sigma 1 Receptor (Sig1R). This enigmatic protein is an evolutionary isolate with no known homology to any other protein. Sig1R was originally thought to be an opioid receptor. That notion has been dispelled and...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - August 1, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

OCT angiography and evaluation of the choroid and choroidal vascular disorders
Publication date: Available online 27 July 2018Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchAuthor(s): Enrico Borrelli, David Sarraf, K. Bailey Freund, Srinivas R. SaddaAbstractThe recent introduction of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) has remarkably expanded our knowledge of the choroid through in vivo investigation of the anatomical and pathological features of this important vascular layer. New insights elucidating the morphological features of the choroid, in both physiological and pathological conditions, indicate that this vascular structure plays a crucial role in many chorioretinal disorders. In this...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - July 28, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Adaptive optics ophthalmoscopy: Application to age-related macular degeneration and vascular diseases
Publication date: Available online 17 July 2018Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchAuthor(s): Michel Paques, Serge Meimon, Florence Rossant, David Rosenbaum, Sarah Mrejen, Florian Sennlaub, Kate GrieveAbstractAdaptive optics (AO)-enhanced en face retinal imaging, termed here AO ophthalmoscopy (AOO) has reached a level of robustness which fuels its increasing use in research and clinical centers. Here we will review the contribution of clinical AOO to the understanding and monitoring of 1) age-related macular degeneration and 2) vascular diseases. The main contributions of AOO to the phenotyping of AMD are a better ...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - July 18, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: July 2018Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Volume 65Author(s): (Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research)
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - July 17, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Pathogenesis of Keratoconus: The intriguing therapeutic potential of Prolactin-inducible protein
Publication date: Available online 12 July 2018Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchAuthor(s): Rabab Sharif, Sashia Bak-Nielsen, Jesper Hjortdal, Dimitrios KaramichosAbstractKeratoconus (KC) is the most common ectatic corneal disease, with clinical findings that include discomfort, visual disturbance and possible blindness if left untreated. KC affects approximately 1:400 to 1:2000 people worldwide, including both males and females. The aetiology and onset of KC remains a puzzle and as a result, the ability to treat or reverse the disease is hampered. Sex hormones are known to play a role in the maintenance of the s...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - July 13, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Real-world outcomes in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration treated with intravitreal vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors
We describe the development of global registries, in particular the Fight Retinal Blindness! registry that originated in Australia, the United Kingdom AMD Electronic Medical Records User Group and the IRIS registry in the USA. Real-world observations relating to efficacy, safety and resource utilisation of intravitreal anti-VEGF therapy for neovascular AMD are then summarised. Novel observations that would have been challenging to identify in a clinical trial setting are then highlighted, including the risk of late disease reactivation, outcomes in second versus first treated eyes, and the increased risk of posterior capsu...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Personalised genome editing – The future for corneal dystrophies
Publication date: Available online 31 January 2018Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchAuthor(s): C.B. Tara Moore, Kathleen A. Christie, John Marshall, M. Andrew NesbitAbstractThe potential of personalised genome editing reaching the clinic has come to light due to advancements in the field of gene editing, namely the development of CRISPR/Cas9. The different mechanisms of repair used to resolve the double strand breaks (DSBs) mediated by Cas9 allow targeting of a wide range of disease causing mutations. Collectively, the corneal dystrophies offer an ideal platform for personalised genome editing; the majority of co...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Neuroprotective strategies for retinal disease
Publication date: Available online 23 February 2018Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchAuthor(s): Machelle T. Pardue, Rachael S. AllenAbstractDiseases that affect the eye, including photoreceptor degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, and glaucoma, affect 11.8 million people in the US, resulting in vision loss and blindness. Loss of sight affects patient quality of life and puts an economic burden both on individuals and the greater healthcare system. Despite the urgent need for treatments, few effective options currently exist in the clinic. Here, we review research on promising neuroprotective strategies that promot...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

The immunopathogenesis of chronic and relapsing autoimmune uveitis – Lessons from experimental rat models
Publication date: Available online 27 February 2018Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye ResearchAuthor(s): Maria Diedrichs-Möhring, Ulrike Kaufmann, Gerhild WildnerAbstractAutoimmune diseases usually follow a relapsing-remitting or a chronic progressive course. To understand the underlying immunopathogenesis we investigated experimental Lewis rat models displaying both disease types, which were only dependent on the autoantigen peptide used for immunization. Retinal S-Antigen-peptide PDSAg induces chronic, monophasic disease, whilst interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP)-peptide R14 causes a spontaneously relap...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Genotype-functional-phenotype correlations in photoreceptor guanylate cyclase (GC-E) encoded by GUCY2D
Publication date: March 2018Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Volume 63Author(s): Dror Sharon, Hanna Wimberg, Yael Kinarty, Karl-Wilhelm KochAbstractThe GUCY2D gene encodes for the photoreceptor guanylate cyclase GC-E that synthesizes the intracellular messenger of photoreceptor excitation cGMP and is regulated by intracellular Ca2+-sensor proteins named guanylate cyclase-activating proteins (GCAPs). Over 140 disease-causing mutations have been described so far in GUCY2D, 88% of which cause autosomal recessive Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) while heterozygous missense mutations cause autosomal dominant cone-r...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Mechanisms of macular edema: Beyond the surface
Publication date: March 2018Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Volume 63Author(s): Alejandra Daruich, Alexandre Matet, Alexandre Moulin, Laura Kowalczuk, Michaël Nicolas, Alexandre Sellam, Pierre-Raphaël Rothschild, Samy Omri, Emmanuelle Gélizé, Laurent Jonet, Kimberley Delaunay, Yvonne De Kozak, Marianne Berdugo, Min Zhao, Patricia Crisanti, Francine Behar-CohenAbstractMacular edema consists of intra- or subretinal fluid accumulation in the macular region. It occurs during the course of numerous retinal disorders and can cause severe impairment of central vision. Major causes of macular edema include diabet...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Editorial Board
Publication date: March 2018Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Volume 63Author(s): (Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research)
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Towards the application of precision medicine in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Publication date: March 2018Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Volume 63Author(s): Raffaella Cascella, Claudia Strafella, Valerio Caputo, Valeria Errichiello, Stefania Zampatti, Filippo Milano, Saverio Potenza, Silvestro Mauriello, Giuseppe Novelli, Federico Ricci, Andrea Cusumano, Emiliano GiardinaAbstractThe review essentially describes genetic and non-genetic variables contributing to the onset and progression of exudative Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) in Italian population. In particular, AMD susceptibility within Italian population is contributed to by genetic variants, accounting for 23% of diseas...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research

Molecular genetics and emerging therapies for retinitis pigmentosa: Basic research and clinical perspectives
Publication date: March 2018Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research, Volume 63Author(s): Marina França Dias, Kwangsic Joo, Jessica A. Kemp, Silvia Ligório Fialho, Armando da Silva Cunha, Se Joon Woo, Young Jik KwonAbstractRetinitis Pigmentosa (RP) is a hereditary retinopathy that affects about 2.5 million people worldwide. It is characterized with progressive loss of rods and cones and causes severe visual dysfunction and eventual blindness in bilateral eyes. In addition to more than 3000 genetic mutations from about 70 genes, a wide genetic overlap with other types of retinal dystrophies has been reported with RP. ...
Source: Progress in Retinal and Eye Research - July 10, 2018 Category: Opthalmology Source Type: research